煤巷矿压显现的速度效应分析及应用研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 煤巷矿压显现的速度效应分析及应用研究 Analysis and Application Research of Velocity Effect of Strata Behavior in Coal Roadway 作 者伍业伟 导 师张 农 教授 中国矿业大学 二○一九年五月 国家重点研发计划（2017YFC0603001） 国家自然科学基金面上项目（51674244） 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD353 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 煤巷矿压显现的速度效应分析及应用研究 Analysis and Application Research of Velocity Effect of Strata Behavior in Coal Roadway 作 者 伍业伟 导 师 张农 教授 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向岩体力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 高明仕 评 阅 人 匿名 二○一九年五月 万方数据 致谢致谢 正值硕士论文完成之际， 学生谨向亦师亦父亦友的张农教授致以最真诚的感 谢师从张农教授三年，恩师渊博的知识储备、严谨的学术态度、宽厚的待人方 式、 雷厉风行与兢兢业业的工作作风和风趣幽默的言谈举止，无一不让学生无比 崇敬，更值得学生终生学习。张老师不仅是我学习科研上的引路人，更是我人生 道路的领航者。自大四有幸加入恩师门下以来，从学术论文学习、物理力学实验 操作到工程现场实践、 专利构思与撰写及各类项目申报与开展， 恩师均言传身教。 学习科研之余，承蒙恩师厚爱，有幸跟从恩师从事科研服务工作，恩师无以计数 的耐心教导，使我从一个盲目无知的稚者迅速成长为精明能干的智者。值此毕业 之际，恩师多次为学生深入剖析、规划并推荐就业，生活中更是无微不至的关怀 与爱护。 在此， 学生再次对恩师致以最诚挚的感谢 祝恩师身体健康、 阖家幸福、 一切顺利 本文是在导师张农教授的精准引领与悉心指导下完成的，在论文的选题、研 究路线的设计、 论文框架的构建乃至最后的文理疏通、 审阅定稿等每一步的工作， 恩师都倾注了大量的心血和智慧。论文的选题完全来源于恩师提供的实践现场， 力学实验也是在恩师的大力支持下完成的，对于文章的凝练与提升，恩师更是从 繁忙的科研和工作中挤出足够的时间进行字句修改与精简，对此， 学生再次感谢 恩师切实的深入指导 同时要感谢智能掘进与岩层控制课题组韩昌良老师、赵一鸣副教授、郑西贵 教授、李桂臣教授、许兴亮副教授、阚甲广副教授、钱德雨副教授、冯晓巍老师 以及华北科技学院田多副教授对我的帮助和点拨。 论文的开题和撰写过程中也得 到了课题组谢正正博士、潘东江博士、梁东旭博士和魏群博士的热情帮助，在此 表示诚挚的感谢并给予他们美好的祝福 感谢课题组杨森博士、郭玉博士、王洋博士、赵启峰博士、曹俊才博士、安 衍培博士、项哲博士对力学实验的宝贵意见；感谢张天池师兄、赵云龙师兄、王 龙辉师兄、马鹏师兄、杨可师兄在现场监测上的指导与及生活上的关心；感谢王 朋、张成浩、宋子杭、冉智、杜乐乐、程星、李世傲、苏辉等同窗在数值计算上 给予的建议及求学期间的陪伴与帮助；感谢曹启龙、李新跃、姚文浩、贾飞、耿 行、袁钰鑫、汪明坤、杨海龙等师弟在论文校对期间的帮助，感谢室友孙长伦、 王靖超、杨景、郝敏、夏善奎、王腾、张凯对我的体谅与帮助。 特别感谢中天合创门克庆煤矿给我提供优越的科研现场及对我科研工作的 大力支持 年华易逝，我今年二十又六，近而立之年，上有近九十的高龄祖父母，中有 逾五十的年迈父母，下无任何成家立业之根基，家庭负担繁重，父母却未施加丝 万方数据 毫压力于次子，独自咽下困苦，终年笑对尚无尺寸之功的次子，每念及此，深感 惭愧、无比自责特别感谢家人的全力理解与默默支持真诚的祝愿家人身体健 康 千里之外求学多年，家庭多变故，兄长无任何言语，辞去工作、放弃个人幸 福，全力承担家庭重担，致使至今尚未娶妻生子；亲人多病痛，然久病床前无次 孙/子，每思于此，无比痛心、愧对家庭与兄长。每当烦心不能静气、夜不能寐 时，兄长开导愚昧之弟至寒冬深夜，在此特别感谢兄长的全力支持与默默付出， 祝愿兄长早日成家立业幸福安康 真诚感谢在我求学之年、家庭遭受变故之后，依旧对我及家庭不离不弃并无 私给予帮助与关心的亲朋好友我定当竭尽全力报答你们。 最后感谢在百忙之中评审论文并提出宝贵意见的各位专家， 感谢论文所有引 用文献作者们的辛勤工作，感谢所有帮助和关心过我的人祝愿你们身体健康 诸事顺利 伍业伟 2019 年 5 月于徐州 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 煤巷围岩稳定是煤矿安全高效生产的基本保障， 这对成巷质量提出了越来越 高的要求。门克庆矿 3-1煤脆性大且内生裂隙发育、地应力高，使得 3108 主运巷 矿压显现严重， 导致掘进时需要不断扩刷围岩以形成矩形断面，进而引起围岩位 移和变形的增大且浅部更为松散、破碎，严重影响成巷质量与巷道稳定。现场中 发现， 当煤巷掘进速度加快时， 矿压显现缓和， 帮部扩刷减少， 围岩结构更完整、 稳定。对此，本文以 3108 主运巷为工程原型，通过现场调研和物理实验测定了 煤样力学参数， 运用理论分析剖析了煤巷矿压显现的速度效应机理， 结合 FLAC3D 数值模拟总结了煤巷矿压显现的速度效应规律，最终以工业性试验给予了验证。 得出以下主要结论 （1）3-1煤的单轴抗压强度为 16.67MPa，抗拉强度为 0.66MPa，弹性模量为 3.89GPa，内聚力为 2.32MPa，内摩擦角为 30.7。 （2）通过分析煤巷围岩变形的时间效应得出，煤巷掘进速度的提高使得围 岩变形量减小；建立了煤巷轴向垂直应力驱赶模型，确定应力驱赶即为煤巷矿压 显现的速度效应机理，即掘进速度加快时，应力转移更快，使得围岩浅部承受的 应力更小；当煤巷保持较高的掘进速度掘进时，煤巷围岩浅部一直保持承受较小 的应力，其变形量较小，即矿压显现缓和。 （3） 随着掘进速度的提高， 煤巷围岩应力呈现驱赶规律， 当煤巷保持 1000m/ 月的速度掘进时，煤巷围岩浅部一直保持承受较低的应力，这是煤巷矿压显现缓 和的根本原因；煤巷围岩位移变形呈现速度效应规律，掘进速度由 600m/月提高 到 1000m/月，煤巷围岩位移变形缓和比例最大达 57，掘进速度的提高对两帮 矿压显现的缓和作用最大； 即时矿压显现缓和占最终矿压显现缓和的比例达 68， 其是煤巷矿压显现呈现速度效应规律的最主要组成部分； 上述规律切实为掘进速 度的提高带来的实效。 （4） 煤巷现场围岩收敛量随着掘进速度的提高不断减小 掘进速度由 600m/ 月提高到 1000m/月， 顶板下沉量缓和比例为 30， 两帮移近量缓和比例为 31。 （5）在煤巷现场，掘进速度高的围岩裂隙更少更小，1000m/月掘进速度下 的煤巷段的锚杆支护阻力上升更快、损失更少、稳定值更大，围岩支护后也更稳 定；根据支护实照可知，600m/月掘进速度下的即时矿压显现最严重，随着掘进 速度的提高， 两帮的扩刷量逐渐减小至 0； 掘进速度的提高更利于煤巷围岩控制。 论文共有图 53 幅，表 7 个，参考文献 90 篇。 关键词关键词应力驱赶；速度效应；掘进速度；矿压显现；煤巷 万方数据 II Abstract The stability of surrounding rock of coal roadway is the basic guarantee for safe and efficient production of coal mine, which puts forward higher and higher requirements for roadway quality. The 3-1 coal in Menkeqing Coal Mine is brittle, endogenous fissures and high in-situ stress, which makes strata behavior of 3108 main haulage roadway serious. As a result, the surrounding rock needs to be continuously expanded to a rectangular section during the roadway driving, and then the displacement and deation of the surrounding rock are increased and the shallow part is more loose and fragmented, which seriously affects quality and stability of the coal roadway. In coal roadway field, it is found that when the speed of roadway driving is accelerated, the strata behavior moderates, the side brushing is decreasing, and the surrounding rock structure is more complete and stable. In this regard, taking 3108 main driving roadway as the engineering prototype, the mechanical parameters of coal samples are determined through field investigation and physical experiment, the mechanism of the speed effect of strata behavior in coal roadway is analyzed by theoretical analysis, and the law of the speed effect of strata behavior in coal roadway is summarized by FLAC3D numerical simulation, which is finally verified by engineering practice. The main conclusions are as follows 1 The uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus, cohesion and internal friction angle of 3-1 coal are 16.67 MPa, 0.66 MPa, 3.89 GPa, 2.32 MPa and 30.7 degrees respectively. 2 It is concluded that the increases of driving speed of coal roadway reduces the deation of surrounding rock by analyzing the time effect of surrounding rock deation of coal roadway. The driving model of vertical stress of coal roadway about axial is established, and the stress driving is determined to be the speed effect mechanism of strata behavior in coal roadway. That is, when the speed of driving is accelerated, the stress transfer is faster, which makes the stress on the shallow part of surrounding rock. When the coal roadway keeps a high driving speed, the shallow part of the surrounding rock of the coal roadway always bears less stress, and its deation is smaller, that is to say, the strata behavior moderates. 3 With the increases of driving speed, the stress of surrounding rock of coal roadway shows the laws of driving. When the coal roadway is drived at a speed of 1000m per month, the shallow part of surrounding rock of coal roadway always bears low stress, which is the fundamental reason for moderate of strata behavior in coal 万方数据 III roadway. The displacement and deation of surrounding rock of coal roadway show the law of speed effect. When the driving speed increases from 600 m per month to 1000 m per month, the maximum moderate ratio of displacement and deation of coal roadway is 57, The increases of driving speed has the greatest effect on the moderate of strata behavior of coal roadway sides. The instant strata behavior makes up 68 of the final strata behavior, which is the most important part of the law of speed effect of strata behavior in coal roadway. The above laws are the actual effects of increasing the driving speed. 4 The convergence of surrounding rock in coal roadway decreases with the increase of driving speed When the driving speed increases from 600 m per month to 1000 m per month, the moderate ratio of roof subsidence is 30, the moderate ratio of convergence of the coal roadway sides is 31. 5 In the coal roadway field, the fissures of surrounding rock with high driving speed are fewer and smaller. The bolt support installed in the coal roadway at 1000 m per month rises faster, loses less, has greater stability value, and is more stable after supporting. The strata behavior of coal roadway at 600 m per month is the most serious, and the expansion of surrounding rock gradually decreases to 0 m with the increase of driving speed. The increase of driving speed is more beneficial to control surrounding rock of coal roadway. There are 53 pictures, 7 tables and 90 references in this paper. Key words stress driving; speed effect; driving speed; strata behavior; coal roadway 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ........................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ........................................................................................................................ IV 图清单图清单 ........................................................................................................................ VI 表清单表清单 .......................................................................................................................... X 变量注释表变量注释表 ................................................................................................................ XI 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景及研究意义............................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 研究内容与技术路线........................................................................................... 10 2 3108 主运巷工程地质概况及煤样力学参数测定主运巷工程地质概况及煤样力学参数测定 ................................................. 12 2.1 3108 主运巷工程地质概况................................................................................... 12 2.2 3108 主运巷煤样力学参数测定........................................................................... 14 2.3 小结....................................................................................................................... 19 3 煤巷矿压显现的速度效应机理分析煤巷矿压显现的速度效应机理分析 ..................................................................... 20 3.1 煤巷力学特征分析............................................................................................... 20 3.2 煤巷矿压显现的速度效应机理........................................................................... 26 3.3 小结....................................................................................................................... 29 4 煤巷矿压显现的速度效应规律煤巷矿压显现的速度效应规律 ............................................................................. 30 4.1 数值模型的建立................................................................................................... 30 4.2 不同掘进速度下煤巷矿压显现规律................................................................... 33 4.3 小结....................................................................................................................... 52 5 工业性试验工业性试验 ............................................................................................................. 54 5.1 支护方案补充情况............................................................................................... 54 5.2 矿压监测............................................................................................................... 55 5.3 小结....................................................................................................................... 64 6 结论结论 ......................................................................................................................... 66 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 67 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 72 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 73 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 74 万方数据 V Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ....................................................................................................................... V List of Figures ............................................................................................................ VI List of Tables ................................................................................................................ X List of Variables......................................................................................................... XI 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 The Background and Significance of Research ....................................................... 1 1.2 Current Situation of the Research at Home and Abroad .......................................... 2 1.3 Research Contents and s ............................................................................ 10 2 Engineering Geological Survey of 3108 Main Haulage Roadway and Measurement of Mechanical Parameters of Coal Samples .................................... 12 2.1 Engineering Geological Survey of 3108 Main Haulage Roadway ........................ 12 2.2 Measurement of Mechanical Parameters of Coal Samples about 3108 Main Haulage Roadway ........................................................................................................ 14 2.3 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 19 3 Mechanism Analysis of Speed Effect of Strata Behavior in Coal Roadway ...... 20 3.1 Analysis of Mechanical Characteristics of Coal Roadway .................................... 20 3.2 Speed Effect Mechanism of Strata Behavior in Coal Roadway ............................ 26 3.3 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 29 4 Speed Effect Laws of Strata Behavior in Coal Roadway .................................... 30 4.1 Establishment of Numerical Model ....................................................................... 30 4.2 Laws of Strata Behavior in Coal Roadway under Different Driving Speed .......... 33 4.3 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 52 5 Engineering Practice ............................................................................................... 54 5.1 Supplementary Ination of Support Scheme .................................................... 54 5.2 Ground Pressure Monitoring.................................................................................. 55 5.3 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 64 6 Main Conclusions .................................................................................................... 66 References ................................................................................................................... 67 Author’s Resume ........................................................................................................ 72 Declaration of Thesis .............................