锚杆预应力和长度与巷道围岩承载状态的协调关系研究.pdf

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目资助（51404251） 江苏省自然科学基金青年基金项目资助（BK20140198） 中国博士后科学基金第 65 批面上资助（2019M652019） 硕士学位论文 锚杆预应力和长度与巷道围岩承载状态的 协调关系研究 Study on Coordination Relationship between Prestress and Length of Bolt and Bearing State of Surrounding Rock of Roadway 作 者冉 智 导 师韩昌良 讲师 中国矿业大学 二〇一九年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明 学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD353 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 锚杆预应力和长度与巷道围岩承载状态 的协调关系研究 Study on Coordination Relationship between Prestress and Length of Bolt and Bearing State of Surrounding Rock of Roadway 作 者 冉 智 导 师 韩昌良 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 岩体力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 高明仕 评 阅 人 盲审 二○一九年五月 万方数据 致 谢 致 谢 论文付梓之际， 首先呈上我对恩师韩昌良老师深深地谢意 韩老师治学严谨， 学识渊博，待人诚恳，胸襟坦荡，他高尚的人格魅力、忘我的工作精神，将是学 生一生学习的榜样三年来，韩老师言传身教，亲身带我于采矿一线，教导书本 学不到的知识， 老师为项目的尽心尽责、 奔波劳碌， 使我学到了许多做人、 做事、 做学问的道理，我会牢记终生，并将永远受益。 张农教授虚怀若谷，学识广博，英风大略，有幸受教，受益匪浅。 论文在开题及撰写过程中得到了李桂臣教授、郑西贵教授、阚甲广副教授、 赵一鸣副教授、钱德雨副教授、魏群博士、谢正正博士、杨森博士的宝贵建议和 细心指导。他们对知识的见解，善助的品性，同样值得学习，在此表示深深的敬 意和感谢。 特别感谢中煤能源集团祁和刚总工、朱若军总工、翁明月总工及门克庆煤矿 管学海矿长、陈育民总工、韩旺海总工、李志军科长、张运中科长、薛刚等人在 工程实践中给予的大力支持和奉献 诚挚感谢杨可、伍业伟、王朋、张成浩、宋子杭、杜乐乐、孙长伦、宋志坚、 耿行、杨厚强、安衍培、曹启龙、贾飞等师兄弟在试验、写作中的倾力相助。 感谢室友张涛、郝文军、刘哲、武飞、吴少旭在生活和学习中的无私帮助， 宿舍的团结与同学的友谊让我快乐度过研究生生涯，是我一生中宝贵的回忆。 感谢我的家人对我求学的一贯理解和无条件支持，几近而立，未尽孝道，羞 愧于心。衷心感谢我的父母，奔波于各个城市的建筑之间，省吃俭用，将我培养 成人，感谢姐姐对父母的照顾，减少我的后顾之忧，在此祝他们身体健康，幸福 快乐 感谢刘俏俏的不离不弃，冉在依的精神支持，愿一生相伴 冉智 2019 年 5 月于徐州 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 巷道顶板变形和破坏深度具有“中间大、两侧小”的特征，而现场往往采用 等长和等强锚杆支护，存在着顶板锚杆不能协调承载、充分发挥各自支护效能的 问题。本文以门克庆煤矿 11-3108 主运巷为工程背景，采用现场调研及地质分级 评估、理论分析、数值计算、工程类比等综合研究方法，研究巷道顶板锚杆预应 力和长度与巷道围岩之间的协调作用关系， 提出并验证差异化支护设计及其合理 性与可行性，主要研究成果如下 （1）利用层次分析法分别从矿压作用、围岩性质与工程环境三个方向中九 个因素进行等级评估，为差异化支护进行分类支撑。最终将巷道锚杆支护差异化 程度分为四个等级，结合具体地质条件、煤样力学测试，确定 11-3108 主运巷中 部锚杆较边锚杆长度大 0.51m，预应力大 50100kN。 （2）基于巷道围岩变形破坏特征，提出了差异化支护理念，明确了差异化 支护研究理论依据。认为在保证支护强度的前提下，中部锚杆预应力和长度应大 于边锚杆，以适应顶板变形特征；揭示了巷道围岩在自稳平衡与极限平衡状态下 平衡圈深度分布规律，作为顶板锚杆长度设计依据；建立巷道顶板受力模型，分 析锚杆预应力对顶板的支护作用及单个锚杆预应力分布特征， 作为顶板锚杆预应 力设计依据。 （3）模拟分析了顶板锚杆在等长与不等长情况下的预应力作用。得出中部 锚杆预应力对控制顶板变形起主要作用；预应力相同时边锚杆长度减少 0.5m， 可改善顶板 1m 高度层位的应力及变形状态，验证了差异化支护的合理性。 （4）结合门克庆煤矿 11-3108 主运巷的具体条件提出了差异化支护方案 边锚杆长度 3.5m、预应力 170kN，中部锚杆长度 4m、预应力 230kN，与原支护 方案锚杆长度 4m、 预应力 200kN 进行对比分析， 巷道矿压显现优于原支护方案， 证明了差异化支护的可行性。 （5）对试验巷道原支护方案进行现场矿压监测，结果表明边锚杆工作阻 力普遍低于中部锚杆与设计值， 中部锚杆预应力初始大小对锚杆工作阻力增加量 作用效果显著，表明两侧支护强度过剩，侧面验证了差异化支护的合理性及可行 性。 该论文有图 80 幅，表 23 个，参考文献 93 篇。 关键词关键词差异化支护；分级判定；顶板分析；模拟验证；合理性及可行性 万方数据 II Abstract The deation value and failure depth of roadway roof have the characteristics of “big middle and small sides“. The same length and equal strength bolts are often used to support the roadway roof. There are problems that roof bolts can not coordinate the bearing capacity and give full play to their supporting effectiveness. Based on the engineering background of 11-3108 main haulage roadway in Menkeqing Coal Mine, this paper studies the coordination between the prestressing force and length of roof bolt and the surrounding rock of roadway by means of on-site investigation, geological grading uation, theoretical analysis, numerical calculation and engineering analogy, and puts forward and verifies the rationality and feasibility of differential support design. The main research results are as follows （1）Analytic hierarchy process AHP is used to uate the grade of nine factors in three directions Underground pressure, surrounding rock properties and engineering environment, so as to classify and support differential support. Finally, the differential degree of bolt support in roadway is divided into four grades. Combining with the mechanical test of coal samples under specific geological conditions, it is determined that the length of bolt in 11-3108 main transport roadway is 0.5-1 m higher than that of side bolt, and the prestress is 50-100 kN higher. （ 2 ） Based on the deation and failure characteristics of roadway surrounding rock, the concept of differential support is put forward, and the theoretical basis of differential support research is clarified. On the premise of guaranteeing the support strength, the prestress and length of the middle bolt should be larger than that of the side bolt in order to adapt to the roof deation characteristics; the distribution law of the depth of the balance ring in the state of self-stable equilibrium and ultimate equilibrium of the surrounding rock of the roadway is revealed, which serves as the basis for the design of the length of the roof bolt; the force model of the roadway roof is established, and the supporting effect of the prestress of the bolt on the roof and The characteristics of stress distribution can be used as the basis for the design of roof bolt prestressing. （3）The prestressing effect of roof bolts under equal and unequal lengths is simulated and analyzed. It is concluded that the central anchor prestressing plays a major role in controlling the roof deation; when the prestressing is the same, the length of the side anchor is reduced by 0.5m, which can improve the stress and 万方数据 III deation state of the roof at the height of 1m, and verify the rationality of differential support. （4）Combining with the specific conditions of main haulage roadway 11-3108 in Menkeqing Coal Mine, the differential support scheme is put forward the length of side bolt is 3.5 m, the prestress is 170 kN, the length of middle bolt is 4 m, and the prestress is 230 kN. By comparing with the original support scheme, the length of bolt is 4 m and the prestress is 200 kN, the mine pressure of roadway is better than the original support scheme, which proves the feasibility of differential support. （5）The results show that the working resistance of the side bolt is generally lower than that of the middle bolt and the design value. The initial prestress of the middle bolt has a significant effect on the increase of the working resistance of the bolt, which indicates that the strength of the two sides of the support is excessive. The rationality and feasibility of the differential support is verified on the side. There are 80 papers, 23 tables and 93 references. Keywords Differential support; Grading determination; Roof analysis; Simulation verification; Rationality and feasibility 万方数据 IV 目 录 目 录 摘摘 要要............................................................................................................................ I 目目 录录.......................................................................................................................... ⅣⅣ 图清单图清单.......................................................................................................................... ⅧⅧ 表清单表清单...................................................................................................................... XIII 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................... XV 1 绪论1 绪论............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 课题的提出与研究意义 ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 主要研究内容和技术路线 ..................................................................................... 7 2 工程地质条件分析与差异化支护分类评估2 工程地质条件分析与差异化支护分类评估 ........................................................... 9 2.1 工程地质概况 ......................................................................................................... 9 2.2 巷道原支护方案 ................................................................................................... 11 2.3 煤样力学测试 ....................................................................................................... 12 2.4 差异化支护及其关键评估指标 ........................................................................... 15 2.5 可行性分析 ........................................................................................................... 24 2.6 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 25 3 3 锚杆长度和预应力与巷道围岩承载状态分析锚杆长度和预应力与巷道围岩承载状态分析 ..................................................... 26 3.1 巷道围岩变形破坏特征 ....................................................................................... 26 3.2 同排锚杆长度与巷道围岩协调作用分析 ........................................................... 29 3.3 同排锚杆预应力与巷道围岩协调作用分析 ....................................................... 31 3.4 锚杆预应力与长度协调关系 ............................................................................... 36 3.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 38 4 4 锚杆预应力和长度与巷道围岩关系的模拟分析锚杆预应力和长度与巷道围岩关系的模拟分析 ................................................. 39 4.1 建立模型 ............................................................................................................... 39 4.2 自然开挖状态下巷道矿压分布特征 ................................................................... 41 4.3 顶板锚杆及其预应力与长度作用效果分析 ....................................................... 42 4.4 支护状态下巷道矿压分布特征 ............................................................................ 47 4.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 49 5 5 工业性试验工业性试验 ............................................................................................................. 50 万方数据 V 5.1 11-3108 主运巷掘进过程中矿压监测及分析 ..................................................... 50 5.2 11-3108 主运巷回采过程中矿压监测及分析 ..................................................... 56 5.3 支护效果图 ........................................................................................................... 58 5.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 59 6 结论6 结论.......................................................................................................................... 60 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 61 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 66 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 66 学位论文数据库学位论文数据库 ......................................................................................................... 68 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ...................................................................................................................... ⅥⅥ List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables .......................................................................................................... XIII List of Variables ....................................................................................................... XV 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Proposistion and Significance .................................................................. 1 1.2 Research Status at Home and Abroad ...................................................................... 2 1.3 Research Contents and Technology Roadmap ........................................................ 7 2 Engineering Geological Conditions Analysis and Differential Support Classification Assessment ............................................................................................ 9 2.1 Engineering Geology ............................................................................................... 9 2.2 Roadway Original Support Scheme ....................................................................... 11 2.3 Coal Sample Mechanics Test ................................................................................. 12 2.4 Differentiated Support and Its Key uation Indicators ..................................... 15 2.5 Feasibility Analysis ................................................................................................ 24 2.6 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 25 3 Analysis of bolt length and prestress and bearing state of surrounding rock of roadway ....................................................................................................................... 26 3.1 Deation and failure characteristics of surrounding rock of roadway ............. 26 3.2 Analysis of Coordination Effect between the Length of the Same Row Bolt and the Surrounding Rock of Roadway .............................................................................. 29 3.3 Analysis of Coordination between Prestressing of Same Row Bolt and Surrounding Rock of Roadway .................................................................................... 31 3.4 Bolt prestress and length coordination ................................................................... 36 3.5 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 38 4 Simulation Analysis of Relationship between Prestress and Length of Anchor Rod and Surrounding Rock of Roadway ................................................................. 39 4.1 Building a model .................................................................................................... 39 4.2 Mine rock pressure distribution characteristics under natural excavation ............. 41 万方数据 VII 4.3 Analysis of the effect of roof bolt and its prestress and length .............................. 42 4.4 Mine pressure distribution characteristics of roadway under support ................... 47 4.5 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 49 5 Engineering Experiment ........................................................................................ 50 5.1 Mine pressure monitoring and analysis during the excavation process of 11-3108 main roadwa