极薄煤层液压支架的设计与分析.pdf

分类号分类号TD355 密密 级级公公 开开 U D C 单位代码单位代码10424 学学 位位 论论 文文 极薄煤层液压支架的设计与极薄煤层液压支架的设计与分析分析 高高 忠忠 燕燕 申请学位级别申请学位级别硕士学位硕士学位 专业专业名名称称机械机械制造及其自动化制造及其自动化 指导教师姓名指导教师姓名曾曾 庆庆 良良 职职 称称教教 授授 山山 东东 科科 技技 大大 学学 二〇二〇一六一六年年五五月月 万方数据 论文题目论文题目 极薄煤层液压支架的设计与分析极薄煤层液压支架的设计与分析 作者姓名作者姓名高高 忠忠 燕燕 入学时间入学时间2013 年年 9 月月 专业名称专业名称机械机械制造及其自动化制造及其自动化 研究方向研究方向先进制造先进制造工艺工艺、装备及其自动化、装备及其自动化 指导教师指导教师曾曾 庆庆 良良 职职 称称教教 授授 论文提交日期论文提交日期2016 年年 5 月月 论文答辩日期论文答辩日期2016 年年 5 月月 28 日日 授予学位日期授予学位日期 万方数据 THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF THIN SEAM HYDRAULIC SUPPORT A Dissertation ted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF ENGINEERING from Shandong University of Science and Technology by Gao Zhongyan Supervisor Professor Zeng Qingliang College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering May 2016 万方数据 声声 明明 本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所 公认的文献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交公认的文献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交 于其它任何学术机关作鉴定。于其它任何学术机关作鉴定。 硕士生签名硕士生签名 日日 期期 AFFIRMATION I declare that this dissertation, ted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master of Philosophy in Shandong University of Science and Technology, is wholly my own work unless referenced of acknowledge. The document has not been ted for qualification at any other academic institute. Signature Date 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘 要 摘摘 要要 液压支架作为煤矿开采的关键性支护设备， 其可靠性对整个采煤过程的安全起着至 关重要的作用。随着煤矿综合机械化程度的大幅度提高，厚煤层及中厚煤层的储量急剧 减少，薄煤层与极薄煤层将逐渐成为主采煤区，同时，极薄煤层的开采对于解决矿区开 采接续矛盾、开采解放层、提高资源采出率及缓解地区煤炭供求矛盾具有重要意义。但 极薄煤层空间狭小、开采效率低、安全可靠性差，且目前大多数液压支架都是针对中厚 煤层所设计的，因而研发一种满足极薄煤层开采的液压支架显得尤为重要。 本文首先根据永荣煤矿极薄煤层的赋存特点，对支架进行了总体的分析，采用优选 法确定了四连杆机构的最佳杆长，并利用 ADAMS 软件对其进行了仿真分析，得到了上 铰接点的运动轨迹曲线。其次，利用 Solidworks 软件建立了支架的虚拟样机，并对其进 行了干涉检查， 利用 Motion 插件对整机进行了运动分析， 并得到了顶梁前端点的运动轨 迹曲线， 通过与铰接点轨迹曲线进行对比， 进一步验证了支架结构设计及装配的正确性。 根据 GB25974.1-2010液压支架通用技术条件的试验要求，选取了四组较危险载荷工 况顶梁两端与底座两端集中加载、 顶梁偏载与底座两端集中加载、 顶梁偏载与底座扭转、 顶梁扭转与底座扭转，利用 ANSYS Workbench 对支架进行了有限元分析，验证了其设 计符合强度要求。最后对极薄煤层液压支架电液控制系统进行了分析与设计，根据液压 支架立柱及千斤顶的数目，拟定了其液压系统原理图，并在此基础上确定了电液控制系 统整体的设计方案，同时对该系统中所用到的主要元件进行了选型设计，完成了系统中 各控制功能流程图的设计。 本文研究设计的支架支护高度达到 0.45m～0.9m，实现了极薄煤层厚度的工作面支 护，为极薄煤层开采自动化提供了技术支持。 关键词关键词极薄煤层，液压支架，虚拟样机，有限元分析，电液控制系统 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘 要 ABSTRACT As the critical support equipment of coal mining, the reliability of hydraulic support plays a vital role in keeping security during the entire mining process. With the substantial increase of coal mining comprehensive mechanization level, the thick and medium thick seam reserves drastically reduced, while the thin and ultra thin coal seam will gradually become the main coal mining area. Meanwhile, the mining of thin seam is important to solve the continuation contradiction of mining area, mine liberated seam, improve resource recovery rate and ease the contradiction between coal supply and demand. But the thin seam has the characteristics of small space, low extraction efficiency, poor security and reliability, and the most current hydraulic supports are designed for thick coal seams, so the study of hydraulic support to meet thin seam mining is particularly important. Firstly, according to the occurrence characteristics of the thin seams for Yongrong coal mine, the support was analyzed overall. The optimal link lengths of four-bar linkage were determined by using the preferred . Using ADAMS analyzed the four-bar linkage and obtained the trajectory curve of hinge point. Secondly, the virtual prototype of the support was built and checked its interference by Solidworks software. The support was carried out movement analysis by motion plug , and the trajectory curve of the front end of the top beam point was gotten. With the comparison of the trajectory curve in the above, the design and assembly of the support structure was verified that it was correct. According to GB25974.1-2010 “hydraulic support general technical conditions“ test requirements, selecting four more dangerous working conditions centralized load of both ends of the top beam and the base, the top beam partial load and both ends of the base centralized load, the top beam partial load and the base torsion, torsion of the top beam and the base top and base, the support was carried out finite element analysis by ANSYS Workbench. It could be verified that the design met strength requirements. Finally, the electro-hydraulic control system of the thin seam hydraulic support was analyzed and designed. According to the number of column and jack, the hydraulic system schematics was drawn up. The design of the overall electro-hydraulic control system was determined. Simultaneously, the main elements of the system were selected and the flow charts of the control functions were completed. In this thesis, the height of hydraulic support ranges from 0.45 meter to 0.9 meter. The face of thin coal seam is supported, and the hydraulic support provides technical support for 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘 要 the automation of thin seam mining. Keywords thin seam, hydraulic support, virtual prototype, finite element analysis, electro-hydraulic control system 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目 录 目目 录录 1 绪绪 论论 .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 研究的背景 ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 研究目的及意义 ......................................................................................................... 2 1.3 国内外研究现状 ......................................................................................................... 2 1.4 主要研究内容 ............................................................................................................. 5 2 极薄煤层液压支架的总体分析极薄煤层液压支架的总体分析 ...................................................................... 7 2.1 极薄煤层工作面支护分析 ......................................................................................... 7 2.2 极薄煤层液压支架总体结构的确定 ......................................................................... 9 2.3 四连杆机构的优化与仿真分析 ............................................................................... 14 2.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................................... 20 3 极薄煤层液压支架建模与运动分析极薄煤层液压支架建模与运动分析 ............................................................21 3.1 概述 ........................................................................................................................... 21 3.2 液压支架虚拟样机的建立 ....................................................................................... 22 3.3 液压支架的运动分析 ............................................................................................... 26 3.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................................... 28 4 极薄煤层液压支架的有限元分析极薄煤层液压支架的有限元分析 ................................................................29 4.1 分析流程 ................................................................................................................... 29 4.2 液压支架有限元模型的建立 ................................................................................... 30 4.3 顶梁两端与底座两端集中加载分析 ....................................................................... 33 4.4 顶梁偏载与底座两端集中加载分析 ....................................................................... 36 4.5 顶梁偏载与底座扭转分析 ....................................................................................... 39 4.6 顶梁扭转与底座扭转分析 ....................................................................................... 41 4.7 本章小结 ................................................................................................................... 44 5 极薄煤层液压支架电液控制系统的分析极薄煤层液压支架电液控制系统的分析 ....................................................45 5.1 液压支架液压控制分析 ........................................................................................... 45 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目 录 5.2 液压支架电液控制方案 ........................................................................................... 46 5.3 电液控制系统主要元件 ........................................................................................... 49 5.4 电液自动控制流程 ................................................................................................... 54 5.5 本章小结 ................................................................................................................... 61 6 结论与展望结论与展望 ....................................................................................................62 6.1 主要结论 ................................................................................................................... 62 6.2 工作展望 ................................................................................................................... 63 致致 谢谢 ..................................................................................................................64 参考文献参考文献 ..............................................................................................................65 攻读硕士学位期间从事科学研究及发表论文情况攻读硕士学位期间从事科学研究及发表论文情况 ..........................................69 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目 录 Contents 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the Research ........................................................................................................... 1 1.2 The Aim and Significance of Dissertation ...................................................................................... 2 1.3 The Research Status at Home and Abroad ...................................................................................... 2 1.4 Main Research Contents.................................................................................................................. 5 2 Overall Analysis of Thin Seam Hydraulic Support .......................................................... 7 2.1 The Support Analysis of Thin Seam Face ....................................................................................... 7 2.2 The Overall Structure of Thin Seam Hydraulic Support ................................................................. 9 2.3 The Optimization and Simulation Analysis of Four-bar Linkage ................................................. 14 2.4 Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 20 3 Modeling and Motion Analysis of Thin Seam Hydraulic Support ............................... 21 3.1 Outline ........................................................................................................................................... 21 3.2 The Establishment of Virtual Prototyping of Hydraulic Support .................................................. 22 3.3 The Motion Analysis of Hydraulic Support .................................................................................. 26 3.4 Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 28 4 Finite Element Analysis of Thin Seam Hydraulic Support ........................................... 29 4.1 Analysis Process ............................................................................................................................ 29 4.2 The Establishment of Finite Element Model of Hydraulic Support .............................................. 30 4.3 Centralized Load Analysis of Both Ends of the Top Beam and the Base ...................................... 33 4.4 Analysis of the Top Beam Partial Load and Both Ends of the Base Centralized Load ................. 36 4.5 Analysis of the top Beam partial load and the Base torsion .......................................................... 39 4.6 Torsion Analysis of the Top Beam and the Base ........................................................................... 41 4.4 Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 44 5 Analysis of Electro-hydraulic Control System on Thin Seam Hydraulic Support...... 45 5.1 The Hydraulic Control Analysis of Hydraulic Support ................................................................. 45 5.2 The Electro-hydraulic Control Scheme of Hydraulic Support ...................................................... 46 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目 录 5.3 The Main Components of Electro-hydraulic Control System ....................................................... 49 5.4 Electro-hydraulic Automatic Control Process ............................................................................... 54 5.5 Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 61 6 Conclusions and Prospects ............................................................................................... 62 6.1 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................... 62 6.2 Prospects ....................................................................................................................................... 63 Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................... 64 References ................................................................................................................................ 65 Scientific Research and Published Papers ............................................................................ 69 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 绪 论 1 1 绪绪 论论 1.1 研究的背景研究的背景 煤炭作为一种重要的化石能源对于社会的发展具有重要意义。目前，煤炭在我国一 次能源消费结构中的比例仍在 60以上，为我国的基本能源。由于其处于我国现有能源 结构的核心地位，因而，在短时间内以煤炭为主的能源供应现状不会发生改变，其在我 国能源供应结构中仍将占有主导的地位[1]。 我国煤炭资源储量丰富，但是煤层赋存多样，通常以 1.3m 和 0.8m 为界限，厚度 在 1.3m 以下的统称为薄煤层，低于 0.8m 的属于极薄煤层，其分布比较广泛，尤其是在 西南、华东及东北地区薄煤层煤炭储量更为突出。近年来，由于煤矿综采设备与技术的 提升以及过度开采，使得厚煤层与中厚煤层的储量急剧减少甚至枯竭，薄煤层与极薄煤 层逐渐成为主采煤区。同时，极薄煤层的开采对于解决矿区开采接续矛盾、提高资源回 收率和缓解地区煤炭供求矛盾具有重要意义[2-4]。但极薄煤层开采空间狭小，煤层构造复 杂，褶曲、断层、瓦斯兼而有之，作业环境恶劣、生产安全隐患多，综采难度大，对机 械设备适应性要求特别高，因而难以应用现有的综采设备对其进行支护，现普遍采用木 桩， 单体等落后方式， 人员安全难以保证。 因而， 研发能够应用于极薄煤层的支护设备， 使极薄煤层实现综合机械化开采显得尤为重要。 液压支架作为综采工作面的重要组成设备之一， 其在整个采煤