基于高预应力的柔性锚固支护技术研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 基于高预应力的柔性锚固支护技术研究基于高预应力的柔性锚固支护技术研究 Study on Flexible Anchor Support Technology with High Prestress 作 者王瑞杰 导 师李冲 副教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一九年五月 国家自然科学基金面上项目（51874277） 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD353 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 基于高预应力的柔性锚固支护技术研究 Study on Flexible Anchor Support Technology with High Prestress 作 者 王瑞杰 导 师 李冲 副教授 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 中国矿业大学 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 岩体力学及岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 曹胜根 评 阅 人 二○一九年五月 万方数据 致谢致谢 时光飞逝，岁月如梭，一转眼就到了毕业季。如今回想起三年的研究生求学 阶段，不禁感慨万分。 本论文是在导师李冲副教授的悉心指导下顺利完成的。 导师渊博的专业理论 知识， 一丝不苟的工作态度，丰富的现场指导经验以及平易近人的人格魅力对本 人影响深远。在三年的研究生求学生涯中，导师不仅使本人树立了远大的学习目 标、 掌握了基本问题的研究思路方法， 而且还使本人明白了许多为人处事的道理。 这些都使本人受益颇深。本次论文从选题到完成，每一步都是在导师的认真指导 下完成的，倾注了导师大量的心血。在此，本人向导师表示崇高的敬意和衷心的 感谢本人在写论文的过程中，遇到了很多问题，在老师的耐心指导下，问题都 得以解决。为此，特意再次向老师道一声李老师，谢谢您 本人在研究生三年的学习和生活期间， 得到了课题组各位师兄弟真诚的帮助 与支持，在此特向陈梁、曹悦、刘鼎博士及徐森茂、李柏壮、康志鹏、陶鑫、李 欢恒、 张帅等硕士表示深深的感谢；借此机会特别感谢课题组何青源副教授在科 研学术方面给予的无私的指导与引领，使我充满信心去面对的任何挑战。 同时衷心感谢矿业工程学院老师们三年来在学习和生活上给予的关心、 鼓励 和帮助。在此，要特意的感谢我的女朋友在本人研究生阶段的无私陪伴、鼓励与 支持。 感谢各位专家在百忙之中抽出时间评审本论文， 衷心希望能够得到您的指导 和帮助。 最后也感谢所有关心、鼓励和帮助我的朋友、亲人们，谢谢你们一直以来的 陪伴。 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 复杂困难巷道（特别是围岩松散、局部存在空洞，受构造应力影响等）的围 岩稳定性控制问题是制约当前煤炭深部开采的一大难题。 此类巷道往往表现出围 岩变形量大、巷道支护构件易失效、返修频率高和易片帮底鼓等问题，为此亟需 在新支护技术和新支护方法上寻求新的突破， 以有效控制复杂困难巷道的有害变 形， 保证巷道正常使用， 降低巷道支护成本。 故本文借助数值模拟软件 FLAC3D， 综合运用理论分析、现场实测等方法对复杂困难条件下的 2603 运输巷的基于高 预应力的柔性锚固支护技术进行了全面系统的研究，并取得了以下主要成果 （1）采用岩层探测记录仪对巷道顶板围岩结构进行窥视顶板围岩结构较 差，裂隙发育明显，局部老顶存在少量空洞；总结了巷道围岩的变形破坏特点， 同时总结分析了此类复杂困难巷道支护存在的问题。 （2） 在分析潞安矿区漳村煤矿 480 采区 2603 运输巷地质条件和调研其它矿 井类似条件下深部高应力煤巷支护的基础上， 提出了基于高预应力的柔性锚固支 护概念与支护理论，系统分析了基于高预应力的柔性锚固支护原理与支护方法， 确定了基于高预应力的柔性锚固支护原则与控制对策， 并给出了基于高预应力的 柔性锚固支护技术关键。 （3）借助数值模拟软件 FLAC3D 分别对基于高预应力的柔性锚固支护关键 参数和卸压参数进行了模拟分析，最终确定了合理的支护参数（主要是锚杆锚索 的预紧力值、锚索规格的选择等）与卸压参数（巷道底板卸压钻孔的布置方式、 钻孔直径、长度、排距等） 。 （4）将基于高预应力的柔性锚固支护技术成功的在漳村煤矿 480 采区 2603 运输巷进行了工业性试验，通过现场实测数据的反馈，得出①2603 运输巷巷 道顶底板位移和两帮位移随着时间的增加均呈现出先增加后保持不变的趋势， 即 巷道在开挖初期变形量较大，大约 40 天后巷道达到稳定状态，且巷道表面位移 均在允许变形范围内， 进一步说明了基于高预应力的柔性锚固支护技术优化方案 的合理性。②利用锚杆无损检测技术对 2603 运输巷整体锚杆、锚索的监测结果 表明锚杆、锚索锚固质量为优，同时整个支护系统支护状态较好。 该论文有图 56 幅，表 20 个，参考文献 63 篇。 关键词关键词高预应力支护；柔性支护；让抗结合；钻孔卸压 万方数据 II Abstract The control of surrounding rock stability of complex and difficult roadways especially loose surrounding rock, local voids, tectonic stress and so on is a major problem that restricts the current deep coal mining. Such roadways often show problems such as large deation of surrounding rocks, easy failure of roadway support components, high repairing frequency and easy floor heave. Therefore, it is urgent to seek new breakthroughs in new support technology and new support s in order to effectively control harmful deation of complex and difficult roadways, ensure the normal use of roadways, and reduce roadway support costs. Therefore, with the help of numerical simulation software FLAC3D, this paper comprehensively studies the flexible anchorage support technology based on high prestressing force for 2603 transport roadway under complex and difficult conditions by using the s of theoretical analysis and field measurement, and achieves the following main results （1）The structure of roadway roof surrounding rock is peeped by using mine electronic borehole peeper the structure of roadway roof surrounding rock is poor, cracks are obviously developed, and a small number of holes exist in the local old roof; the deation and failure characteristics of roadway surrounding rock are summarized and the problems existing in this kind of complex and difficult roadway support are analyzed. （2） Based on the analysis of geological conditions of 2603 transport roadway in 480 mining area of Zhangcun Coal Mine in Luan mining area and the investigation of support of deep high stress coal roadway under similar conditions in other mines, the concept and support theory of flexible anchorage support based on high prestressing force are put forward. The principle and support of flexible anchorage support based on high prestressing force are systematically analyzed, and the principle of flexible anchorage support based on high prestressing force is determined. The key technology of flexible anchorage support based on high prestressing force is given. （3）With the help of numerical simulation software FLAC3D, the key parameters and pressure relief parameters of flexible anchorage support based on high prestressing force are simulated and analyzed, and the reasonable support parameters mainly the pre-tightening force value of anchor bolt and cable, the selection of anchor cable specifications, etc. and pressure relief parameters the layout of pressure 万方数据 III relief boreholes in roadway floor, borehole diameter, length, row spacing, etc. are finally determined. （4）Based on the high prestressing flexible anchor support technology, the industrial test was successfully carried out in 2603 transport roadway of 480 mining area of Zhangcun Coal Mine. Through feedback of field measured data, it was concluded that 1 the displacement of roof and floor of 2603 transport roadway and the displacement of both sides increased first and then remained unchanged with the increase of time, that is, the deation of roadway was large at the initial stage of excavation, and the roadway was about 40 days later. In addition, the roadway surface displacement is within the allowable deation range, which further illustrates the rationality of the optimization scheme of flexible anchorage support technology based on high pre-stress. 2 The monitoring results of bolt and cable in 2603 transport roadway by non-destructive testing technology show that the quality of bolt and cable is excellent, and the supporting condition of the whole supporting system is good. There are 56 figures , 20 tables, and 63 references in the paper. Keywords high prestressed support; flexible support; compression-yielding and compression-resisting combination; borehole pressure relief 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 .......................................................................................................................... I I 目目 录录 ...................................................................................................................... IVIV 图清单图清单 .................................................................................................................. VIIIVIII 表清单表清单 ...................................................................................................................... XIXI 变量注释表变量注释表 .......................................................................................................... XIIIXIII 1 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................ 1 1 1.1 研究背景及意义 .................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 .................................................. 2 1.3 研究内容 ........................................................ 5 1.4 研究方法及技术路线 .............................................. 6 2 26032 2603 运输巷概况及围岩应力分布规律分析运输巷概况及围岩应力分布规律分析 ........................................................ 7 7 2.1 工程概况 ........................................................ 7 2.2 2603 运输巷围岩结构及应力分布规律分析 .......................... 10 2.3 2603 运输巷变形破坏分析 ........................................ 22 2.4 本章小结 ....................................................... 24 3 3 基于高预应力的柔性锚固支护原理与技术基于高预应力的柔性锚固支护原理与技术 ........................................................ 2525 3.1 基于高预应力的柔性锚固支护概念的提出 ........................... 25 3.2 基于高预应力的柔性锚固支护原理与控制方法 ....................... 28 3.3 高预应力的柔性锚固支护关键技术 ................................. 31 3.4 本章小结 ....................................................... 31 4 4 基于高预应力的柔性锚固支护关键参数研究基于高预应力的柔性锚固支护关键参数研究 .................................................. 3232 4.1 锚杆预紧力的数值模拟研究 ....................................... 32 4.2 不同锚索支护性能研究 ........................................... 41 4.3 本章小结 ....................................................... 44 5. 5. 基于高预应力的柔性锚固支护卸压参数研究基于高预应力的柔性锚固支护卸压参数研究 ................................................ 4646 5.1 数值模型的建立 ................................................. 46 5.2 模拟方案与目标 ................................................. 47 万方数据 V 5.3 模拟结果分析 ................................................... 48 5.4 本章小结 ....................................................... 59 6 6 工业性试验工业性试验 .......................................................................................................... 6161 6.1 基于高预应力的柔性锚固支护技术方案设计与参数 ................... 61 6.2 矿压监测方案 ................................................... 63 6.3 矿压监测结果分析 ............................................... 66 6.4 本章小结 ....................................................... 69 7 7 主要结论主要结论 .............................................................................................................. 7070 参考文献参考文献 .................................................................................................................. 7272 作者简介作者简介 .................................................................................................................. 7676 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 .............................................................................................. 7777 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ...................................................................................................... 7878 万方数据 VI Contents ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. II CONTENTS............................................................................................................... VI LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................... VIII LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... XI LIST OF VARIABLES.......................................................................................... XIII 1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE .......................................................... 1 1.2 PRESENT RESEARCH STATUS AT HOME AND ABROAD ................................................ 2 1.3 RESEARCH CONTENTS ............................................................................................... 5 1.4 RESEARCH S AND TECHNICAL ROUTES ........................................................ 6 2 GENERAL SITUATION OF 2603 TRANSPORTATION ROADWAY AND ANALYSIS OF STRESS DISTRIBUTION LAW OF SURROUNDING ROCK . 7 2.1 ENGINEERING SITUATION .......................................................................................... 7 2.2 ANALYSIS OF SURROUNDING ROCK STRUCTURE AND STRESS DISTRIBUTION LAW OF 2603 TRANSPORTATION ROADWAY ............................................................................... 10 2.3 DEATION AND FAILURE ANALYSIS OF 2603 TRANSPORTATION ROADWAY ...... 22 2.4 CONCLUSION OF THIS CHAPTER .............................................................................. 24 3 PRINCIPLE AND TECHNOLOGY OF FLEXIBLE ANCHOR SUPPORT BASED ON HIGH PRESTRESS ............................................................................. 25 3.1 THE CONCEPT OF FLEXIBLE ANCHOR SUPPORT BASED ON HIGH PRESTRESS .......... 25 3.2 PRINCIPLE AND CONTROL OF FLEXIBLE ANCHOR SUPPORT BASED ON HIGH PRESTRESS .................................................................................................................... 28 3.3 KEY TECHNOLOGIES OF FLEXIBLE ANCHOR SUPPORT WITH HIGH PRESTRESS ........ 31 3.4 CONCLUSION OF THIS CHAPTER .............................................................................. 31 4. RESEARCH ON KEY PARAMETERS OF FLEXIBLE ANCHOR SUPPORT BASED ON HIGH PRESTRESS ............................................................................. 32 4.1 STUDY ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF PRE-TIGHTENING FORCE OF BOLT .............. 32 4.2 STUDY ON SUPPORT PERANCE OF DIFFERENT ANCHOR CABLES ..................... 41 4.3 CONCLUSION OF THIS CHAPTER .............................................................................. 44 万方数据 VII 5. STUDY ON PRESSURE RELIEF PARAMETERS OF FLEXIBLE ANCHOR SUPPORT BASED ON HIGH PRESTRESSING FORCE ................................... 46 5.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF NUMERICAL MODEL ................................................................. 46 5.2 SIMULATED SCHEME AND OBJECTIVES .................................................................... 47 5.3 ANALYSIS OF SIMULATION RESULTS ......................................................................... 48 5.4 CONCLUSION OF THIS CHAPTER .............................................................................. 59 6. INDUSTRIAL TEST ............................................................................................. 61 6.1 DESIGN AND PARAMETERS OF FLEXIBLE ANCHORAGE SUPPORT TECHNOLOGY BASED ON HIGH PRESTRESSING FORCE ...................................................................................... 61 6.2 MONITORING PROJECT OF MINE PRESSURE ............................................................. 63 6.3 MONITOR RESULT ANALYSIS OF MINE PRESSURE ................................................... 66 6.4 CONCLUSION OF THIS CHAPTER .............................................................................. 69 7 MAIN CONCLUSION ........................................................................................... 70 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................... 72 AUTHORS’RESUME ............................................................................................ 72 DECLARATION OF THESIS ORIGINALITY ..................................................... 77 THESIS DATA COLLECTION ............................................................................... 78 万方数据 VIII 图清单图清单 List of Figures 图序号 图名称 页码 图 1-1 技术路线图 6 Figure 1-1 Technology roadmap 6 图 2-1 2603 运输巷开掘平面图 7 Figure 2-1 Plane plan for excavation of 2603 transport roadway 7 图 2-2 煤层综合柱状图 8 Figure 2-2 Comprehensive Column Map of Coal Seam 8 图 2-3 2603 运输巷原支护（单位 mm） 10 Figure 2-3 Original Support of 2603 Transportation RoadwayUnit mm 10 图 2-4 YTJ20 型岩层探测记录仪 11 Figure 2-4 YTJ20 Strata detection recorder 11 图 2-5 测点布置图 11 Figure 2-5 Layout of mea