基于预应力匹配的锚索滞后支护及协调受力研究.pdf
国家重点基础研究发展计划973资助项目2013CB227905 国家自然科学基金面上项目(51574227) 国家自然科学基金面上项目(51474209) 江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD) 硕士学位论文 基于预应力匹配的锚索滞后支护 及协调受力研究 Study of Delayed Supporting and Synergistic Bearing Mechanism of Cable Bolt Based on Pre-tensioned Stress Coordination 作 者王若帆 导 师王襄禹 教授 中国矿业大学 二○一七年五月 万方数据 中图分类号 TD353 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公 开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 基于预应力匹配的锚索滞后支护 及协调受力研究 Study of Delayed Supporting and Synergistic Bearing Mechanism of Cable Bolt Based on Pre-tensioned Stress Coordination 作 者 王若帆 导 师 王襄禹 申请学位 学术型硕士 培养单位 矿业学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 岩体力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 谢文兵 评 阅 人 张卫东 陈勇 二○一七年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意本人所 撰写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一,学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学 位论文的部分使用权,即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版 和电子版,可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文;②为 教学和科研目的,学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案 馆、 图书馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、 浏览。 另外, 根据有关法规, 同意中国国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 (保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书) 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 致致 谢谢 又到了学校这鸟语花香柳絮纷飞的时节,每年这时正是毕业生离开的时候, 这篇论文的截稿也代表着我三年研究生学习以及七年矿大生活即将结束。 回想这 几年在学校, 确实经历了很多也成长了很多。 我想我需要首先感谢中国矿业大学, 提供给了我这么一个宝贵的成长机会,同时我也要向在这一过程中关心、帮助过 我的人们表达我衷心的感激和祝愿。 本篇论文是在我的导师王襄禹教授的悉心指导下完成的, 王老师是一位经验 丰富、 对学生认真负责并且平易近人的导师。在我论文的写作过程中从一开始定 题的讨论、路线的制定、方案的选择以及最终结论的总结,王老师都付出了很多 精力来帮我拓展思路,及时答疑解惑。同时我也要感谢王老师在平时科研探讨、 现场实践和日常生活中对我的指导和帮助, 都为我提供了大量的学习机会与资源。 总的来说,这三年研究生学习的顺利完成与王襄禹导师的悉心指导是分不开的。 论文的完成还要特别感谢柏建彪教授, 感谢研究生期间柏老师在学习和生活 上给予的孜孜教诲、精心培养和悉心关怀。柏老师渊博的专业知识,严谨的治学 态度,精益求精的工作作风,平易近人的人格魅力深深地感染并激励着我,令我 受益匪浅。此外本论文的成功完成也离不开徐营副教授、陈勇老师、闫帅老师的 帮助,在此向各位老师表示诚挚的感谢。 感谢课题组师兄弟,特别感谢神文龙博士、李文峰博士、于洋博士、王猛博 士在我研究生学习过程中对我的帮助。同时我也要感谢李思超硕士、刘洋硕士、 郭冠龙博士、武立飞硕士、李国栋硕士、康金瑞硕士、刘晓东硕士、张涛硕士等 在现场实践和日常学习中给予的指导和帮助。 感谢同窗,感谢白兴明硕士、崔昊硕士、刘翔宇硕士、朱子祺硕士、顾天州 硕士、冯业文硕士、任茂林硕士、白宇硕士、孙毅硕士、杨建雄硕士、沈乐硕士 等在学术和生活上给予的帮助与支持。感谢所有给予我关心的老师和同学。 深深感谢父母,是他们的支持和鼓励才让我顺利完成学业,他们的关爱和付 出让我一生难以回报,衷心祝福他们幸福安康。 最后,感谢各位专家和教授在百忙之中评审本文,并期待得到更多的指导和 启迪。 王若帆 2017 年 5 月 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 深部巷道围岩变形过程具有明显的非线性力学特性, 其稳定性控制与各种支 护实施的过程、强度、刚度密切相关,而锚杆锚索支护结构之间强度和刚度的耦 合是相互关联的。 锚索由于自身延伸率较小进行一定的滞后支护也是很有意义的, 但锚索支护时机的不同会造成支护体整体的刚度、 强度及锚杆锚索的受力的不同, 这种不同又将导致其支护效果以及在回采动压下反应的差异性。 本文为了探寻较 好的支护体(锚杆锚索)耦合受力状态以及合理的锚索滞后支护时机展开研究并 得出以下结论 (1)通过实验室拉拔实验确定了合理的锚杆锚索支护杆体孔径匹配范围, 并得出了所选锚杆锚索的相关力学参数。依据拉拔试验所得数据对 FLAC 中的 Cable 单元进行了修正,提出了两种不同思路的修正方案,均在数值计算模型中 实现了其在变形过程中的破断效果。 (2)分别从摩尔应力圆,弹性力学,Hoke-Brown 强度准则的角度阐明了预 应力场改善围岩的应力状态同时强化围岩体的力学参数的重要作用。 并设计了预 应力匹配正交模拟实验方案并采用 FLAC 软件进行了模拟, 模拟结果显示顶板压 应力区的扩散与压应力值均会随着锚杆或锚索预应力的增大呈现不同程度的增 长,同时分析了随着锚杆预应力的增长锚杆端部的拉应力变化规律。 (3) 从加权平均的思路提出了新的锚杆锚索预应力匹配判断指标“顶板内平 均压应力”ACS。 得出顶板内支护力场最大拉应力与最大压应力值主要是随着锚 索预应力的变化而变化的。 利用顶板内平均压应力的变化规律确定了两个在现场 支护中经常出现的典型预应力不匹配范围,并对预应力匹配范围进行了划分。 (4)得出了有无锚索支护情况下,巷道围岩变形的理论最大值,证明了锚 索在控制巷道围岩变形中的重要作用, 也证明了增大锚索适应变形能力的重要意 义。 同时通过无支护情况巷道顶板内部不同深度围岩变形规律,结合锚网支护沿 巷道走向锚杆受力和变形规律, 确定了巷道掘进期间沿巷道走向存在不同的围岩 变形区域。 (5)以确定的巷道不同变形区域为依据,制定了 5 个锚索滞后支护对比方 案。研究了在不同锚索滞后支护方案下支护体所表现出的不同的耦合受力状态, 以及其在掘进时期的不同支护效果。 (6)利用修正的锚索结构单元进行模拟并提出了模拟中锚索失效的判断指 标围岩内最小主应力𝜎𝑛𝑖𝑜与体积应变率 VSR,发现在回采期间,由于前期支护时 机以及耦合受力状态的不同,几个方案的锚索失效时机明显不同。并且锚索的滞 后支护可能导致支护结构初期提供的支护阻力不高。 认为在此地质条件与假设下 万方数据 II 锚索的滞后支护时机选取在接近巷道围岩变形的稳定时期并保证支护体达到一 定的耦合受力效果, 即在掘进时期提高锚杆受力而使锚索可以在回采时期更多地 发挥支护作用效果最好,也即提出了一种锚索滞后支护时机的研究验证方法。 (7) 针对王庄煤矿 62 采区以往顺槽出现的巷道顶底板变形较大以及回采过 程中部分锚索破断失效的情况,应用研究成果对 6208 运输顺槽的支护参数、支 护预应力、以及锚索滞后时机进行了优化。监测结果表明按照研究所得结论同时 提升锚杆锚索预应力并对锚索采用一定的滞后支护后, 顶板锚杆锚索展示出良好 的耦合协同受力状态,没有发生如上区段中的破断失效现象,而巷道变形也得到 了有效控制,确保了巷道的正常安全使用。 本论文包含图 51 幅图,表 14 个,参考文献 97 篇。 关键词关键词拉拔实验;锚索修正模型;平均压应力;失效判据;支护时机 万方数据 III Abstract The deation process of surrounding rock in deep roadway has shown obvious nonlinear mechanical characteristics, and it is wildly accepted roadway stability control is closely related to the supporting process and strength and stiffness of supporting systems. The coupling between the strength and the stiffness of the rock bolt and cable bolt supporting structure is interrelated while it is also meanful for cable bolts to be delayed installed due to its limitation of elongation. However, the different supporting time of cable will lead to the differences of strength, stiffness and the stress states in the whole supporting system. Furthermore, these differences will also affect the support effect and the reaction of supporting system in mining process. In order to explore a better supporting rock and cable coupling stress state and the reasonable support time of cable, the thesis pursues the research and draws the following conclusions 1 This thesis has determined the reasonable range of the hole diameter of the bolt body body diameter by using the laboratory drawing experiment. And based on the experimental results, this thesis modifies the Cable element in FLAC with two different modification strategies, all of which have been realized in numerical models. 2 This thesis has confirmed the significant effect of prestress field in improving the stress state of surrounding rock and strengthening its mechanical parameters from different angles which are Mohr stress circle, elastic mechanics and Hoke-Brown strength criterion. Meanwhile, the orthogonal simulation program of prestress matching is designed and simulated by FLAC software. The simulation results reveals that the diffusion and value of compressive stress will increase differently with the climb of prestress while the tensile stress changing in the end of bolt has also been analyzed. 3 An new index of prestress matching, “average compressive stress in roof” ACS,has been proposed. It reveals that maximum of tension and compressive stress in supporting stress field is mainly related to the prestress of cable bolt. And two typical mismatch range of prestress in supporting system while the ideal matching range has also been divided based on ACS. 4 The theoretical maximum value of the deation of the surrounding rock is obtained under supporting and unsupporting condition, thus the significant effect of cable bolt fot the deation control of roadway has been revealed. Meanwhile, 万方数据 IV based on the roadway deation law under unsupporting condition and the load and deation state of rock bolt along roadway, the different surrounding rock deation section in drilling period has been determined. 5 Based on the different deation section of surrounding rock, the thesis carried out 5 different delayed supporting comparison schemes of cable bolt. The load state and supporting effect in drilling period of these different schemes have been analyzed. 6 The new indexs of failure of cable bolt, minimum principal stress 𝜎𝑛𝑖𝑜 and volumetric strain rate VSR of surrounding rock, have been proposed by using the modified Cable element. It has been revealed that caused by the diffenences of supporting time and load state in drilling period, the cable failure time of different schemes in mining period is obviousely diffenent. And the delay of cable bolt may affect the primary supporting stress in mining period. The thesis consider the reasonable supporting time of cable bolt should be somewhere near the stable deation section in roadway and certain coupling stress state which is incrising the rock bolt load in drilling period and giving more play to the supporting role of cable bolt in mining period. So a validation of cable bolt supporting time has been proposed. 7 Aimed at some problems in 62 mining area of Wangzhuang coal mine like huge deation and cable failure in roadway. Engineering experiment had been carried out in 6208 roadway in this mine. Support parameters, prestress and cable supporting time have been improved. And monitoring results reveals that supporting system stay in ideal coupling load state which didn’t show the failure phenomenon and the deation has also been well controlled, thus safe and normal service of the roadway has been ensured. There are 51 figures, 14 tables and 97 references in this dissertation. Keywords Drawing experiment; Modified Cable element; average compressive stress; failure index; supporting time 万方数据 V 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ............................................................................................................................. I 目目 录录 ............................................................................................................................ V 图清单图清单 ........................................................................................................................ IX 表清单表清单 ..................................................................................................................... XIII 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................. XIV 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 课题的提出和研究意义 ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 存在的主要问题 ..................................................................................................... 6 1.4 主要研究内容与技术路线 ..................................................................................... 6 2 基于拉拔试验的基于拉拔试验的 FLAC 锚索单元修正锚索单元修正 .................................................................. 8 2.1 杆体锚孔直径匹配及其力学性能测试实验 ......................................................... 8 2.2 FLAC CABLE单元的 FISH语言优化 .................................................................... 14 2.3 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 19 3 锚杆锚索预应力匹配分析锚杆锚索预应力匹配分析 ..................................................................................... 20 3.1 预应力锚杆锚索支护的轴向作用机理分析 ....................................................... 20 3.2 模拟方案及模型建立 ........................................................................................... 23 3.3 数值模拟结果 ....................................................................................................... 25 3.4 基于平均压应力的预应力匹配范围分析 ........................................................... 29 3.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 32 4 锚索滞后支护时机及耦合受力过程研究锚索滞后支护时机及耦合受力过程研究 ............................................................. 34 4.1 顶板锚杆锚索支护系统简化分析 ....................................................................... 34 4.2 数值计算模型的建立 ........................................................................................... 36 4.3 无支护与锚网支护情况下数值模拟结果对比 ................................................... 37 4.4 锚索滞后支护方案及掘进时期模拟结果分析 ................................................... 42 4.5 回采动压影响下不同锚索滞后方案反应分析.................................................... 48 4.6 合理锚索滞后支护方案的综合确定 ................................................................... 55 4.7 本章小结................................................................................................................ 56 5 工程实验工程实验 ................................................................................................................. 58 5.1 支护参数优化 ....................................................................................................... 58 5.2 现场观测内容 ....................................................................................................... 60 万方数据 VI 5.3 观测结果分析 ....................................................................................................... 60 5.4 本章小结................................................................................................................ 62 6 主要结论主要结论 .................................................................................................................. 63 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 65 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 71 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 73 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 74 万方数据 VII Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................... III Contents .................................................................................................................... VII List of Figures ............................................................................................................ IX List of Tables ........................................................................................................... XIII List of Variables...................................................................................................... XIV 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Proposition and Significance .................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Status ........................................................................................................ 2 1.3 Existing Problems .................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Research Contents and Technical Route .................................................................. 6 2 Modification of Cable Unit in FLAC Based on Pull-out Experiment .................. 8 2.1 Experimental Study on Diameter Matching between Bolt Body and Anchor Hole and Mechanical Properties Test of the Bolt ................................................................... 8 2.2 Optimization of Cable Unit in FLAC with Fish Language.................................... 14 2.3 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 19 3 Matching Analysis of Pre-tensioned Stress in Bolt and Cable ............................ 20 3.1 Analysis of Axial Supporting Mechanism of Pre-tensioned Bolt and Cable ......... 20 3.2 Numerical Simulation Scheme and Model Establishment..................................... 23 3.3 Numerical Simulation Results ............................................................................... 25 3.4 Matching Range Analysis of Pre-tensioned stress based on average compressive stress in the Roof .......................................................................................................... 29 3.5 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 32 4 Study on Delayed Supporting Occasion of Cable Bolt and