厚黄土层薄基岩开采条件下地表移动变形与裂缝发育规律研究.pdf

分类号分类号TD325 密密 级级 公公 开开 U D CU D C 单位代码单位代码 10424 学学 位位 论论 文文 厚黄土层薄基岩开采条件下厚黄土层薄基岩开采条件下 地表移动变形与裂缝发育规律研究地表移动变形与裂缝发育规律研究 贾彦昌贾彦昌 申请学位级别申请学位级别硕士学位硕士学位 专专业名业名称称大地测量学与测量工程大地测量学与测量工程 指导教师姓名指导教师姓名郑郑 文文 华华 职职 称称 教教 授授 山山 东东 科科 技技 大大 学学 二二〇〇一六年一六年五五月月 万方数据 论文题目论文题目 厚黄土层薄基岩开采条件下厚黄土层薄基岩开采条件下 地表移动变形与裂缝发育规律研究地表移动变形与裂缝发育规律研究 作者姓名作者姓名 贾彦昌贾彦昌 入学时间入学时间 2013 年年 9 月月 专业名称专业名称 大 大地测量学与测量工程地测量学与测量工程 研究方向研究方向 工程工程测量与测量与工业测量工业测量 指导教师指导教师 郑郑 文文 华华 职职 称称 教教 授授 论文提交日期论文提交日期2016 年年 5 月月 论文答辩日期论文答辩日期2016 年年 6 月月 授予学位日期授予学位日期 万方数据 STUDY ON THE LAW OF SURFACE DEATION AND FRACTURE DEVELOPMENT UNDER THIN BEDROCK MINING CONDITION OF THICK LOESS LAYER A Dissertation ted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY from Shandong University of Science and Technology by Jia Yanchang Supervisor Professor Zheng Wenhua College of Geomatics May 2016 万方数据 声声 明明 本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所 公认的文献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交公认的文献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交 于其它任何学术机关作鉴定。于其它任何学术机关作鉴定。 硕士生签名硕士生签名 日日 期期 AFFIRMATION I declare that this dissertation, ted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master of Philosophy in Shandong University of Science and Technology, is wholly my own work unless referenced of acknowledge. The document has not been ted for qualification at any other academic institute. Signature Date 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 摘摘 要要 现阶段，煤炭资源仍然是国民经济发展需要的主要能源。山西的煤炭资源不论储量 还是产量均居全国首位，但是由于当地的地形地貌比较复杂，生态环境相对脆弱，高强 度的煤炭开采无疑加重了地表移动变形与破坏。 本文以山西肖家洼煤矿为研究对象，通过地表观测站的布设、观测数据的采集与整 理，对地表观测点的实测数据进行了分析总结；采用传统概率积分法对地表移动变形进 行预计，通过与实测数据的对比，发现两者存在较大偏差，主要原因为传统概率积分 法没有考虑到山区开采存在滑移现象。针对因开采引起的山体滑移，把滑移作为分量考 虑在内得出概率积分的修正模型，对比实测和修正预计数据，得到了很好的拟合效果。 在此基础上利用等值线图法求取了地表移动变形角量参数和特征参数，通过分析地表下 沉速度和地表移动变形持续时间，得出了下沉幅度大、下沉速度快，达到稳定时间短是 厚黄土层薄基岩开采条件下地表变形的主要特点。由于山体滑移使得工作面上方产生大 量的裂缝，裂缝的存在对地表变形产生影响，通过分析裂缝的形成机理，模拟地下开采， 得出产生裂缝发育的可能区域并找到合理的判定条件。另外，通过分析地表移动特性， 指出影响工作面塌陷范围的变化除了与采厚比有直接关系，与工作面上方的塌陷性裂缝 的存在也有间接联系；分析地表裂缝对地表移动变形的影响，得到山体滑移使山顶观测 站下沉量偏大，沟谷观测站的下沉量偏小；探讨了煤层开采速度和地表坡度的变化对裂 缝发育的影响。 关键词关键词开采深陷；概率积分法；修正模型；地表裂缝 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT ABSTRACT At present, the coal resources are still the main energy for the development of our national economy. Coal resources in Shanxi province whether reserves or production rank first in the country. However, due to the complex terrain and relatively fragile ecological environment, the high intensity of mining coal undoubtedly increases the displacement, deation and destruction of the ground. This report investigates the coal mine at Xiao Jia Wa, in Shanxi province as the research object. The measurement data of surface observation points are analyzed and summarized by laying out of ground observation stations ,collecting and collating of the observation datas.The surface movement deation is estimated by using the traditional probability integral . Through comparing with the measured data, the large deviation between the measured data and estimation values is found. The main reason is that the traditional probability integral does not take into account the mountain mining slip phenomenon .In view of the mountain slip caused by mining, the modified model of probability integral is obtained by taking the slip as the component. By comparing the results with the corrected expectation data, a good fitting effect is got. Based on the isoline , the movement and deation angle parameters and characteristic parameters of the surface are obtained. Through the analysis of subsidence velocity and surface movement and deation duration, it is concluded that the main features of the surface deation under the mining condition of the thick loess layer and thin bedrock are the large scale of subsidence, sinking fast and it can get stability in very short time. Because the mountain slip makes a lot of cracks above the working surface, the presence of cracks influences on the ground deation .Through analyzing the mechanism of crack ation. By simulating the underground mining, the possible region of cracks generating is abtained and a reasonable judgement conditions is found. In addition, through the analysis of the characteristics of surface movement, it is pointed out that the effect of surface subsidence range changes not only directly relates with the mining thickness ratio, but also has indirect relation with the existence of collapse fissures on the working surface .By analyzing the influence of surface cracks on surface movement deation, it is concluded that the mountain slip makes the large sinking amount of the top mountain observation stations and the small sinking amount of the gulch observation stations. At last, it is investigated that the mining speed of coal seams and the variation of surface gradient have effect on the fracture development. Keywords Mining depth; Probability integral ; Modified model; Surface cracks 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 目目 录录 1 绪论绪论 .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 课题的来源与背景 .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 课题的目的与意义 .................................................................................................... 1 1.3 国内外研究现状 ........................................................................................................ 2 1.4 研究内容和技术路线 ................................................................................................ 4 2 地表观测站布设、数据采集、处理与分析地表观测站布设、数据采集、处理与分析 .............................................. 6 2.1 山西肖家洼煤矿概况 ................................................................................................ 6 2.2 观测站的设计 ............................................................................................................ 9 2.3 数据采集、处理与分析 .......................................................................................... 12 2.4 本章小结 .................................................................................................................. 20 3 厚黄土层薄基岩条件下概率积分法的修正分析研究厚黄土层薄基岩条件下概率积分法的修正分析研究 ............................. 21 3.1 概率积分法概述 ...................................................................................................... 21 3.2 概率积分法预计参数的确定 .................................................................................. 25 3.3 概率积分法预计曲线与实测曲线的对比分析 ...................................................... 27 3.4 对滑移区域点位的移动变形值的修正 .................................................................. 31 3.5 本章小结 .................................................................................................................. 34 4 地表移动变形角值参数及动态参数的分析研究地表移动变形角值参数及动态参数的分析研究..................................... 35 4.1 地表移动变形角值参数的求取 .............................................................................. 35 4.2 地表移动变形特征参数的计算 .............................................................................. 36 4.3 地表下沉速度的变化与地表移动持续时间的计算及分析 .................................. 42 4.4 本章小结 .................................................................................................................. 45 5 地裂缝发育规律研究地裂缝发育规律研究 .............................................................................. 46 5.1 地裂缝的发育规律 .................................................................................................. 46 5.2 裂缝的形成机理分析 .............................................................................................. 47 5.3 裂缝的预测与实测对比 .......................................................................................... 52 5.4 地下开采的数值模拟 .............................................................................................. 56 5.5 本章小结 .................................................................................................................. 63 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 6 地表特性分析地表特性分析 ......................................................................................... 64 6.1 地表移动变形规律特性分析 .................................................................................. 64 6.2 裂缝形成的影响因素与分析 .................................................................................. 71 6.3 本章小结 .................................................................................................................. 75 7 结论与展望结论与展望 ............................................................................................. 76 7.1 主要结论 .................................................................................................................. 76 7.2 展望 .......................................................................................................................... 77 参考文献参考文献 ...................................................................................................... 78 攻读硕士期间主要成果攻读硕士期间主要成果 ................................................................................ 81 致谢致谢 .............................................................................................................. 82 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 Contents Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Source and background of the subject ................................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose and significance of the subject ................................................................................. 1 1.3 Research status at home and abroad ...................................................................................... 2 1.4 Research contents and technical route ................................................................................... 4 2 Surface observation station layout,data collection,processing and analysis ..................... 6 2.1 General situation of Shanxi Xiao Jia Wa coal mine ................................................................. 6 2.2 Design of observation station............................................................................................... 9 2.3 Data acquisition, processing and analysis .............................................................................12 2.4 Summary .........................................................................................................................20 3 Correction analysis of probability integral for thick loess stratum under thin bedrock condition .................................................................................................................... 21 3.1 An overview of probability integral ..........................................................................21 3.2 Determining parameters of probability integral ..........................................................25 3.3 The comparison between the predicted curve and the measured curve by the probability integral ..................................................................................................................................27 3.4 Modification of the moving deation of the point position in the slip region ........................31 3.5 Summary .........................................................................................................................34 4 Analysis and research of deation angle parameters and dynamic parameters of surface movement .................................................................................................................... 35 4.1 Obtaining the angular displacement of surface movement and deation...............................35 4.2 Calculation of characteristic parameters of surface movement and deation .........................36 4.3 The calculation and analysis of the change of surface subsidence velocity and the duration of surface movement ..................................................................................................................42 4.4 Summary .........................................................................................................................45 5 Study on the development law of ground fissures ............................................................. 46 5.1 Developmental regularity of ground fissures .........................................................................46 5.2 Analysis of ation mechanism of cracks ..........................................................................47 5.3 Comparison of prediction and measurement of crack .............................................................52 5.4 Numerical simulation of underground mining .......................................................................56 5.5 Summary .........................................................................................................................63 6 Surface characteristic analysis ............................................................................................ 64 6.1 Characteristic analysis of surface movement and deation .................................................64 6.2 Influencing factors and analysis of crack ation ...............................................................71 6.3 Summary .........................................................................................................................75 7 Conclusion and Prospect...................................................................................................... 76 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 Contents 7.1 Main conclusion ...............................................................................................................76 7.2 Expectation ......................................................................................................................77 References................................................................................................................................. 78 Major achievements during the masters study.................................................................... 81 Acknowledgement.................................................................................................................... 82 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文