隔采空区迎采动沿空掘巷围岩控制技术研究.pdf

工程硕士专业学位论文 隔采空区迎采动沿空掘巷围岩控制技术 研究 Study on the Stability Control Technology of Surrounding Rock for Gob-Side Entry Driving foward the Mining Face Separate by a Narrow Goaf 作 者耿 行 导 师韩昌良 讲师 中国矿业大学 二○一九年五月 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（51404251）资助 江苏省自然科学基金青年基金项目（BK20140198）资助 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD322 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 工程硕士学位论文 隔采空区迎采动沿空掘巷围岩控制技术研究 Study on the Stability Control Technology of Surrounding Rock for Gob-Side Entry Driving foward the Mining Face Separate by a Narrow Goaf 作 者 耿行 导 师 韩昌良 申请学位 工程硕士专业学位 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 矿业工程 研究方向 岩体力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 黄艳利 评 阅 人 盲评 二○一九年五月 万方数据 致谢致谢 硕士毕业论文的完成，首先要感谢的是尊敬的韩昌良老师，论文的一字一句 都凝结着导师的心血和智慧。在两年的硕士生涯中，无论学习、科研工作还是日 常生活中，韩老师都给予了我无私的关怀和帮助。依稀记得首次和老师下井时的 万般关怀以及老师对待科研的严谨与专注，无不成为我未来人生道路中的航标， 值此毕业之际，谨向韩老师致以最崇高的敬意和由衷的感谢 感谢在徐州、在矿大认识的每一个人，感谢采矿 13 级 6 班的每一个兄弟， 感谢巷道围岩控制课题组每一位老师及师兄弟，感谢这美丽的校园，绘制了我青 春的回忆。感谢所有给予我关心、帮助的朋友们，论文的撰写离不开他们的点滴 贡献。 衷心感谢我的家人，那看似年轻却已年迈的父母，还有那看似幼稚却已成年 的妹妹，年幼时的不懂事，却不从责怪，还不停的支持、关心、鼓励我，家人之 情，将终身相报。他们的关爱和支持让我得以安心学习及完成论文，正是因为有 了他们，我所做的一切才显得更有意义。 论文的撰写离不开文献的阅读， 特别感谢论文所引用文献的作者及其学术成 果，通过他们的文章，使得我对课题的研究有了新的出发点。 感谢矿大优秀的矿业平台给了我学习及成长的机会， 再次感谢这个留下我青 春及成长之旅的校园，2019 之际由衷祝贺您 110 岁生日快乐 最后，感谢百忙之中评阅我的硕士论文和出席论文答辩的各位专家、教授， 祝您们工作顺利，身体健康 耿行 2019 年 5 月 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 迎采动沿空掘巷的围岩稳定性控制当前仍是煤矿重大技术难题。 在特定的开 采规划下，1513 运输巷掘进时相隔 40m 宽采空区之外的 1511 工作面正在回采， 巷道隔采空区迎采动留小煤柱掘进， 针对此种特殊开采条件下的支护难题展开探 索研究极为必要。 本文以 1513 运输巷沿空掘巷工程实践为研究背景，运用理论分析及数值模 拟等研究手段，从采场覆岩移动及应力转移规律入手，分析隔空工作面回采覆岩 破断对迎采动沿空巷道的扰动影响及隔空采动应力传递对沿空巷道围岩应力扰 动的演变特征，从而揭示巷道的大变形机理，在此基础上提出对应的围岩控制技 术并进行了数值模拟效果验证，取得的主要研究结论如下 （1）对特定开采规划下的研究巷道工程特点进行了评估分析。1513 运输巷 属于大埋深、 高应力、 隔采空区强采动、 软弱易碎顶板条件下的小煤柱沿空掘巷， 多种不利因素相互叠加，导致巷道维护困难。 （2）阐明了隔采空区沿空掘巷的隔空来压机理及巷道受采动影响的长期变 形机制。由于 40m 宽短壁采空区上覆某一未破断关键层随 1511 工作面的回采逐 渐失稳破断造成了下方沿空巷道的长期变形， 此过程中工作面回采引起的隔空应 力分流以及短壁采空区覆岩二次垮落应力分流首先对巷道造成应力扰动， 巷道临 空采空区覆岩随采动渐进垮落从而导致沿空巷道的大结构失稳， 模拟得到工作面 回采 72m-99m 范围内巷道变形剧烈，回采 108m 后变形稳定。 （3）模拟得到合理煤柱宽度为 6m，并分析该宽度煤柱掘巷时的应力演变特 征。巷道迎头距 1511 回采面超前 55m～滞后 99m 范围为采-掘应力叠加严重影 响区，巷道实体煤帮受高应力波动作用，维护尤其困难。 （4） 提出了隔空迎采动巷道的治理原则和控制技术并进行了模拟效果验证。 将巷道分为迎采段、严重影响段、远采段三个区段，应进行分段治理，提出了应 对采动巷道围岩大变形的新型厚层高强承载圈围岩强化控制技术， 并通过模拟进 行了参数分析及支护效果验证。 基于严重影响段巷道实体煤帮高应力波动特征提 出了“卸压-锚固”一体化支护技术，通过在浅部构建高强承载圈，实体煤帮钻 孔卸压，形成巷道围岩“浅部强化”及“深部卸压”的双重作用，明确了单孔卸 压的最佳孔深（10m）及有效排距（0.6～0.9m） ，数值模拟表明卸压-锚固后巷道 变形量明显降低，验证了支护技术的可行性。 本文有图 68 幅，表 5 个，参考文献 84 篇。 关键词关键词沿空掘巷；迎采掘进；变形机理；巷帮卸压；围岩控制 万方数据 II Abstract The surrounding rock stability control of the gob-side entry driving foward the mining face is still a major technical problem in coal mines. Due to special mining planning, when the transportation roadway in panel 1513 of a mine working face is being drivaged, the panel 1511 is advancing outside a 40-meter wide gob, and the roadway is separated from the goaf and the small coal pillars are driven. Therefore, it is necessary to study the support problems under this special mining condition. This paper takes the practice of the transportation roadway driving along the goaf in panel 1513 of a mine as the research background. Using theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, and starting from the movement of overburden and the law of stress transfer in the stope,to analysis the influence of overburden strata fracture on the disturbance of the gob-side entry driving foward the other mining face and the influence of the propagation of mining stress on the surrounding rock stress disturbance along the roadway. Thereby revealing the large deation mechanism of the roadway, and based on this to propose the corresponding surrounding rock control technology and test it on site. The main findings obtained are as follows 1 The engineering characteristics of the research roadway were uated and analyzed. transportation roadway in panel 1513 belongs to the small coal pillar along the empty roadway under the conditions of large depth and high stress, strong mining in the separated goaf area and weak and fragile roof. Many unfavorable factors are superimposed on each other, which makes the roadway maintenance difficult. 2 The long-term deation mechanism of the space-separation pressure mechanism and the long-term deation mechanism affected by mining. Due to the gradual instability of the panel 1511, the unbreaking key layer in the 40m wide short- walled goaf caused continuous deation along the empty roadway below it. In this process, the stress caused by the mining is in the space transfer and the secondary overburden stress distribution of the overburden in the shortwall goaf first causes stress disturbance to the roadway. The roof of the roadway along the empty road gradually descends with the mining, resulting in the instability of the large structure along the empty roadway. And through simulation, the deation of the roadway in the range of 72m-99m is obtained, and the deation is stable after 108m. 3 A reasonable coal pillar width of 6m is obtained by simulation, and the stress evolution characteristics of the wide coal pillar roadway are analyzed. The roadway heading distance from the panel 1511 is 55m ahead of the 99m lag, which is the serious 万方数据 III impact zone of mining-boring stress superposition. The solid coal of the roadway is affected by high stress fluctuations, and maintenance is particularly difficult. 4 The principle and control technology of gob-side entry driving foward the mining face separate by a goaf are proposed. The roadway is divided into three sections driving foward the mining mining section, the severely affected section and the far mining section, which should be segmented and managed. A new technology for strengthening control of surrounding rock in thick layer and high strength bearing ring for large deation of surrounding rock in mining roadway is proposed, and parametric analysis and support effect verification were carried out through simulation. On the basis of the high stress fluctuation characteristics of the coal seam of the roadway that seriously affects the roadway,the integrated technology of pressure- relieving and anchoring is proposed. By constructing a high-strength bearing ring in the shallow part and decompressing the borehole in the solid coal gang, the dual functions of “shallow fortification” and “deep pressure relief” of the surrounding rock of the roadway are ed. The numerical simulation shows that the deation of the roadway after pressure relief and anchoring is significantly reduced, and the optimum hole depth 10m and effective row spacing 0.60.9m of single hole pressure relief are clarified. This article has 68 pictures, 5 tables, and 84 references. Key words roadway driving along goaf; roadway driving foward the mining face; deation mechanism; roadway pressure relief; surrounding rock control 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要.............................................................................................................................. I 目目 录录......................................................................................................................... IV 图清单图清单...................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单........................................................................................................................ XII 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................. XIII 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究背景及意义 ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究综述 ..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 研究内容与技术路线 ............................................................................................. 6 2 隔采空区迎采动沿空掘巷的工程地质条件隔采空区迎采动沿空掘巷的工程地质条件 ........................................................... 9 2.1 工程地质条件 ......................................................................................................... 9 2.2 原有支护参数分析 ............................................................................................... 11 2.3 围岩力学参数测试 ............................................................................................... 12 2.4 研究巷道工程地质条件评估 ............................................................................... 13 2.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 13 3 迎采动沿空掘巷的隔空来压机理迎采动沿空掘巷的隔空来压机理 ......................................................................... 15 3.1 短壁采空区覆岩破断的力学计算 ....................................................................... 15 3.2 隔采空区沿空掘巷覆岩破断特征的模拟分析 ................................................... 20 3.3 长短工作面交替开采间隔煤柱承载特征 ........................................................... 27 3.4 隔采空区迎采动沿空掘巷的隔空来压机理 ....................................................... 30 3.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 33 4 沿空掘巷合理煤柱下围岩应力演变特征沿空掘巷合理煤柱下围岩应力演变特征 ............................................................. 35 4.1 数值计算模型的建立 ........................................................................................... 35 4.2 沿空掘巷合理煤柱宽度的模拟分析 ................................................................... 37 4.3 沿空掘巷围岩应力演变特征 ................................................................................ 48 4.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................................ 51 5 隔空迎采动沿空掘巷围岩控制技术隔空迎采动沿空掘巷围岩控制技术 ..................................................................... 53 万方数据 V 5.1 隔空迎采动巷道围岩控制原理 ........................................................................... 53 5.2 新型厚层高强承载圈围岩强化控制技术 ........................................................... 56 5.3 严重影响段巷道“卸压-锚固”一体化支护技术 .................................................. 68 5.4 围岩控制技术的数值模拟效果评价 ................................................................... 76 5.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 76 6 结论结论.......................................................................................................................... 78 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 80 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 85 论文原创性声明论文原创性声明 ......................................................................................................... 85 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 85 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ..................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables .......................................................................................................... XIII List of Variables ..................................................................................................... XIII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Summary of Related Research at Home and Abroad ............................................... 2 1.3 Research Content and Technical Route ................................................................... 6 2 Engineering Geological Conditions for Gob-Side Entry Driving foward the Mining Face Separate by a Goaf ................................................................................ 9 2.1 Engineering Geological Conditions ......................................................................... 9 2.2 Analysis of Original Support Parameters ............................................................... 11 2.3 Wall Rock Mechanics Parameter Test .................................................................... 12 2.4 Research on Engineering Geological Conditions of Roadway .............................. 13 2.5 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 13 3 Stress Space Transfer Mechanism for Gob-Side Entry Driving foward the Mining Face Separate by a Goaf .............................................................................. 15 3.1 Mechanical Calculation of Overburden Breaking in Short-Wall Goaf .................. 15 3.2 Simulation Analysis of Overburden Breaking Characteristics for Gob-Side Entry Driving foward the Mining Face Separate by a Goaf .................................................. 20 3.3 Bearing Characteristics of Spaced Coal Pillars During Alternate Mining of Long and Short Working Faces ............................................................................................. 27 3.4 Stress Space Transfer Mechanism for Gob-Side Entry Driving foward the Mining Face Separate by a Goaf .............................................................................................. 30 3.5 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 33 4 Characteristics of Stress Evolution of Surrounding Rock under Reasonable Coal Pillars in Gob-Side Entry ................................................................................. 35 4.1 Establish a Numerical Calculation Model ............................................................. 35 万方数据 VII 4.2 Simulation Analysis of Reasonable Coal Pillar in Gob-Side Entry ..................... 37 4.3 Characteristics of Surrounding Rock Stress Evolution in Gob-Side Entry ........... 48 4.4 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 51 5 Stability Contro