城郊矿深部软岩复合顶板煤巷“帮顶同治”支护原理及应用.pdf

硕士学位论文 城郊矿深部软岩复合顶板煤巷“帮顶同治” 支护原理及应用 Composite Roof Supporting Theory of Roadside and Roof Governing Coordinately and Its Application to Deep Soft Rock in Chengjiao Mine 作 者赵一超 导 师高明仕 教授 中国矿业大学 二○一五年四月 江苏省“青蓝工程”资助项目（JSQL20140207） “天山学者”资助项目（TSS20150105） 江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目PAPD 万方数据 中图分类号 TD353 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 城郊矿深部软岩复合顶板煤巷“帮顶同治” 支护原理及应用 Composite Roof Supporting Theory of Roadside and Roof Governing Coordinately and Its Application to Deep Soft Rock in Chengjiao Mine 作 者 赵一超 导 师 高明仕 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 矿山压力与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 评 阅 人 二○一五年四月 万方数据 中图分类号 TD353 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 城郊矿深部软岩复合顶板煤巷“帮顶同治” 支护原理及应用 Composite Roof Supporting Theory of Roadside and Roof Governing Coordinately and Its Application to Deep Soft Rock in Chengjiao Mine 作 者 赵一超 导 师 高明仕 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 矿山压力与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 评 阅 人 二○一五年四月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 论文审阅认定书 论文审阅认定书 研究生 赵一超 在规定的学习年限内，按照研究生培养方 案的要求，完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成 本学位论文， 经审阅， 论文中的观点、 数据、 表述和结构为我所认同， 论文撰写格式符合学校的相关规定， 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文 送专家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 万方数据 致谢 致谢 在矿大求学三年，此时此刻，研究生生涯即将结束，感慨万千。 首先我要感谢我的导师高明仕教授。在高老师的悉心指导和严格要求下，我 系统掌握了巷道围岩控制理论和技术研究的相关技能和方法， 并能对煤矿常见的 巷道支护问题进行分析和研究。 高老师的做事风格和态度都深深影响着我的做事 思维和习惯，我觉得我这三年收获最大的就是扎扎实实的做事态度。本论文是在 导师的指导下完成的，从论文选题、研究方案的制定、现场工业性试验到论文的 写作，都得到了导师高明仕教授耐心的指导，值此论文完成之际，在此向导师致 以崇高的敬意和衷心的感谢。 在论文撰写过程中，感谢师兄刘波涛硕士、王龙龙硕士、王涛硕士、荆向明 硕士、李玉龙硕士、刘伟杰硕士、王浩硕士、闫振超硕士、张青山硕士，同级陈 曦硕士、曹长江硕士、卢全体硕士、刘一博硕士、王海川硕士、张宇舵硕士，以 及师弟焦鹏、刘昂、李森、李仪、潘利强、谭云、吴优、朱留哲、程志超、贾博 宁、刘世杰、刘亚明、权秀才的帮助。 在现场学习过程当中，感谢永煤集团城郊矿陈辉矿长、牛建春总工、赵伟副 总、翟景辉副总、史亚峰副总、张洋科长、杜厚永科长给予的指导和帮助，并对 他们科学严谨的工作态度表示钦佩。此外，真心地感谢河南能化“用心做事，追 求卓越” 的理念， 此种做事态度对我影响颇深， 也令我受益良多， 我将铭记于心。 最后，感谢各位专家、教授在百忙之中评审本论文，期望得到更多的指导。 万方数据 I 摘 要 摘 要 城郊矿二水平开采目前已进入全面展开的阶段，开采深度增大，导致地压也 随之增大，地质条件恶化，以往浅部的支护形式已无法满足矿井深部围岩的支护 要求。特别是对于深部高应力软岩复合顶板煤巷，支护效果差、维护极为困难等 问题日益暴露，已严重地影响矿井正常生产。因此，急需对城郊矿二水平深部高 应力软岩复合顶板煤巷的破坏机理和支护方式进行研究， 保证矿井安全高效生产。 本研究结合目前国内外现有的巷道支护理论和技术，采用力学分析、数值模 拟、实验室岩石强度测试和现场工业性试验等研究方法，深入分析了城郊煤矿二 水平深部软岩复合顶板煤巷的破坏特征和变形机理。 提出了城郊矿深部软岩复合 顶板煤巷“帮顶同治”支护原理和与之相对应的城郊矿二水平煤巷支护技术，并 在城郊煤矿 21304 区段运输平巷试验应用成功，有效控制了巷道围岩变形，实现 了“帮顶同治” 。研究内容和结论如下 1）分析了城郊矿二水平煤巷围岩赋存特征，计算了城郊矿二水平地应力， 城 郊 矿 二 水 平 的 垂 直 应 力 v16.755 20.915 MPa ， 最 大 水 平 应 力 24.30829.068 H MPa， 并对二水平典型煤巷围岩强度进行了实验室测试， 由此 确定城郊矿二水平煤巷顶板为典型的深部软岩复合顶板。 2）总结了城郊矿二水平煤巷变形破坏特征，建立了复合顶板煤巷破坏力学 模型，通过力学分析，得到了复合顶板巷道破坏的力学机理；采用力学推导、数 值模拟计算对比分析不同支护结构，认为“巷道帮、顶整体支护”结构为最优支 护结构，并基于此提出了针对城郊煤矿深部软岩复合顶板煤巷的“帮顶同治”支 护原理。 3）针对城郊矿二水平煤巷两帮煤体强度极低的赋存特点，研究了松软煤体 中锚杆支护失效的机理， 提出了适合城郊矿二水平煤巷的帮部加固技术和包括对 拉锚索在内的松软煤层加固对策。 4）根据复合顶板“帮顶同治”支护原理，从顶板锚固体加固、支护附件和 顶板锚索三个方面，对城郊矿现有的顶板加固技术进行优化，满足了城郊矿二水 平煤巷支护的技术要求，并以此提出了城郊矿深部“帮顶同治”支护技术。 5）研究结论及成果成功应用于城郊矿 21304 区段运输平巷，有效控制了巷 道变形，实现了“帮顶同治”的支护效果。 该论文有图 54 幅，表 8 个，参考文献 85 篇。 关键词关键词深部软岩；复合顶板；煤巷；帮顶同治；支护原理；工程应用 万方数据 II Abstract Chengjiao mine’s two level mining has comprehensively started now. With the increasing of mining depth, the corresponding increasing stress, and the worsening geological conditions, the past support of shallow exploration can’t meet the demand of roadway support in deep surrounding rock. Especially in high-stress deep soft rock composite roof coal roadways, the problems of poor supporting effect are exposed increasingly, which is seriously affecting the normal production in mine. Therefore， the failure mechanism and support s of composite roof coal roadways of high-stress deep soft rock in Chengjiao mine must be studied as soon as possible, in order to ensure the safe and efficient mine production. Research s of mechanism analysis, numerical simulation, rock strength test in laboratory and industrial test was adopted. According to the present domestic and overseas Roadway support theory and technology， failure characteristics and deation mechanism of high-stress deep soft rock composite roof coal roadways in Chengjiao mine two level were analysed deeply. Deep soft rock composite roof supporting theory of roadside and roof governing coordinately in Chengjiao mine and its corresponding support technology were proposed, which were experimentally applied in 21304 section transportation drift of Chengjiao mine， and the deation of surrounding rock was successfully controlled. The research contents and conclusions are as follows 1）The characteristics of rock around coal roadway in Chengjiao mine two level was analysed. The ground stress of Chengjiao mine two level was calculated. Vertical stress of Chengjiao mine’s two level is v16.755 20.915 MPa, and the maximum horizontal stress is 24.30829.068 H MPa. The strength of typical coal roadway surrounding rock of two level was tested in laboratory. Through the research results above, mining roadway roof of Chengjiao mine two level was determined as deep soft rock composite roof. 2） The distortion and failure character of mining roadway of Chengjiao mine two level was summarized, and the damage mechanics model of composite roof Coal roadway was established. Through mechanical analysis, mechanical failure mechanism of omposite roof roadway was get. Different supporting structure was comparatively analysed with the s of mechanical derivation and numerical simulation calculation, and the roadside and roof integrally supporting structure is 万方数据 III optimum way. Based on the analysis above, composite roof supporting theory of roadside and roof governing coordinately in deep soft rock of Chengjiao mine was proposed. 3）Aimed at low strength of roadside coal of Chengjiao mine two level, the failure mechanism of bolt supporting in soft coal was studied. The roadside reinforcement technology of coal roadways in Chengjiao mine two level and the soft coal reinforcement s, including mutual-pulling anchor, were proposed. 4）Based on the cmposite roof supporting theory of roadside and roof governing coordinately, the Chengjiao mine’s current roof supporting technology was optimized in three aspects, including anchorage body reinforcement, supporting accessories, and roof anchor, to meet the technical requirement of coal roadways in Chengjiao mine two level. 5）The research conclusion and results were successfully applied in 21304 section transportation drift of Chengjiao mine， and the deation of surrounding rock was controlled effectively. The paper has together 54 figures, 8 tables and 85 references. Keywords flotation; cyclonic separation; separation mechanism; flotation kinetics; mineral separation 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要............................................................................................................................ I 目目 录录......................................................................................................................... IV 图清单图清单...................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单......................................................................................................................... XI 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................... XII 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究背景及意义 ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ................................................................................................. 2 1.3 研究内容及技术路线 ......................................................................................... 7 2 城郊矿二水平煤巷赋存条件城郊矿二水平煤巷赋存条件 ................................................................................... 8 2.1 二水平构造分析 ................................................................................................. 8 2.2 深部岩性分析 ................................................................................................... 11 2.3 典型巷道围岩强度实验室测试 ....................................................................... 12 2.4 城郊煤矿二水平煤巷顶板特征 ....................................................................... 18 2.5 本章小结 ........................................................................................................... 18 3 深部软岩复合顶板煤巷“帮顶同治”支护原理深部软岩复合顶板煤巷“帮顶同治”支护原理 ................................................. 19 3.1 城郊矿二水平煤巷破坏机理分析 ................................................................... 19 3.2 煤巷顶板联合支护形式力学分析 ................................................................... 25 3.3 煤巷帮、顶支护强度关系数值模拟分析 ....................................................... 29 3.4 复合顶板煤巷“帮顶同治”支护原理 ........................................................... 39 3.5 本章小结 ........................................................................................................... 40 4 城郊矿二水平煤巷支护技术城郊矿二水平煤巷支护技术 ................................................................................. 41 4.1 帮部加固技术 ................................................................................................... 41 4.2 顶板加固技术 ................................................................................................... 45 4.3“帮顶同治”支护技术及实施 ......................................................................... 51 4.4 本章小结 ........................................................................................................... 51 5 现场应用现场应用 ................................................................................................................. 53 5.1 试验巷道概况 ................................................................................................... 53 万方数据 V 5.2 支护方案 ........................................................................................................... 55 5.3 矿压观测 ........................................................................................................... 58 5.4 本章小结 ........................................................................................................... 63 6 结论结论.......................................................................................................................... 64 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 65 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 70 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 71 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 72 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................... I Contents ..................................................................................................................... IV List of figures .......................................................................................................... VIII List of tables ............................................................................................................... XI Variable table notes ................................................................................................. XII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 The Research Background and Significance ........................................................ 1 1.2 The Research Status at Home and Abroad ........................................................... 2 1.3 The Research Content and Technical Way ............................................................. 7 2 The Occurrence Conditions of Coal Roadways in Chengjiao mine Two Level .. 8 2.1 Analysis of Two Level Geological Structure ....................................................... 8 2.2 Analysis of Deep Rock ....................................................................................... 11 2.3 The Strength Test of Typical Surrounding Rock ............................................... 12 2.4 The Roof features of Coal Roadway in Chengjiao Mine Two Level ................. 18 2.5 The Summary of This Chapter ........................................................................... 18 3 Theory of Roadside and Roof Governing Coordinately in Deep Soft Rock ...... 19 3.1 Failure Mechanism Analysis .............................................................................. 19 3.2 Mechanical Analysis of The Coal Roadway Roof ............................................. 25 3.3 The Numerical Simulation Analysis .................................................................. 29 3.4 Composite Roof Supporting Theory .................................................................. 39 3.5 The Summary of This Chapter ........................................................................... 40 4 Supporting Technology of Chengjiao Mine Two Level .............................................. 41 4.1 Roadside Reinforcement Technology ................................................................ 41 4.2 Roof Reinforcement Technology ....................................................................... 45 4.3 Composite Roof Supporting Technology ........................................................... 51 4.4 The summary of this chapter .............................................................................. 51 5 Practical application ............................................................................................... 53 5.1 General Situation of Testing Tunnel .................................................................. 53 万方数据 VII 5.2 Supporting Scheme ............................................................................................ 55 5.3 Mineral Pressure Observation ............................................................................ 58 5.4 The Summary of This Chapter ........................................................................... 63 6 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 64 References .................................