采场上覆软弱夹层区域钻井受力与破坏机制研究.pdf
工程硕士专业学位论文 采场上覆软弱夹层区域钻井受力与破坏机 制研究 Research on Drilling Force and Failure Mechanism in Soft Interlayer Overlying Stope 作 者田 辉 导 师刘应科 副教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一九年五月 国家自然科学基金面上项目(51774277) 国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0802900) 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一, 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权,即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版,可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文;②为教学和 科研目的,学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外,根据有关法规,同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 (保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书) 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD712 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 工程硕士专业学位论文 采场上覆软弱夹层区域钻井受力与破坏 机制研究 Research on Drilling Force and Failure Mechanism in Soft Interlayer Overlying Stope 作 者 田辉 导 师 刘应科 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 安全工程学院 学科专业 安全工程研究方向 矿井瓦斯防治 答辩委员会主席 季经纬 评 阅 人 二〇一九年五月 万方数据 致谢致谢 本论文是在导师刘应科副教授的精心指导下完成的。三年来,三年时光,飞 逝如宙,刘应科老师在方方面面都给予了我极大的帮助。在科研上,刘老师鼓励 我勇于探索, 发散思维, 大胆实践。 在我研究生期间进行了数值模拟软件 FLAC3D 的学习时,每当我遇到困难,刘老师深邃的学识、敏锐的视角,总能为学生提供 解决科研难题的思路。 导师严谨的科研态度, 高尚的科研素养, 谦逊的师德风范, 让一个初步接触科研的学生心生敬仰,也让我深切感悟到做事的态度。科研来源 于实际, 也必服务于现场。 刘老师刻苦攻坚, 任劳任怨, 深入到全国的各个煤矿, 助力科研成果的转化,为社会创造巨大的经济价值,这也是我一生的榜样。师恩 如山海,在此谨向恩师致以崇高的敬意和诚挚的感谢 我的研究生生涯同样离不开周福宝老师的悉心教导。 周老师为我们创造的优 越的科研条件,让我们能够更加专心的投入到研究中去。这三年,非常荣幸也非 常高兴能进入到周福宝老师的大团队。在这里,感谢康建宏副教授、陈小雨副教 授、夏同强副教授、史波波副教授、刘春副研究员、刘宏老师,正因为有这样一 个水平一流的教师团队为我们传道授业解惑,我们才能不畏困苦,奋力向前;感 谢同门昌立鹏师兄、谭东升、王熙师弟、问小江师弟,论文的完成离不开他们的 鼎立相助;感谢李海鉴、朱双江、程家骥、苏贺涛、李世航、贺姝静、王飞、强 子英等师兄师姐,是这样一群经验丰富、涉猎广泛的师兄师姐,带着像我这样初 出茅庐的科研新人渐入佳境; 感谢同窗魏康伟、 李金石、 李光华、 齐海宁、 谢彪、 满忠毅、郝敏、李绪明等跟我一样共同成长;感谢张帝、郭增增、万茹、刘鹏、 Manhica 等师弟师妹的大力帮助。 最后,在毕业之际感谢我的父母、哥哥嫂子等家人在生活与经济上的支持, 感谢室友杨欢、赵乾坤、杨瑞鹏、朱艳州、郭磊等,朋友周一力、魏洋、张瑞、 郑向欣、胡青伟、石晶泰等三年来的帮助与扶持,感谢你们 感谢各位论文答辩专家, 在百忙中评审本论文, 衷心的感谢您的指导和帮助。 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 瓦斯是威胁煤矿安全生产的重要因素之一, 瓦斯的有效抽采是保证煤矿安全 生产的重要举措。地面钻井抽采是一种高效的煤矿瓦斯开发模式,但是,煤层开 采过程中上覆岩层运动剧烈,对钻井井身产生显著的剪切、挤压和拉伸等破坏作 用,甚至造成钻井破断,当地层中含有软弱夹层时,钻井损害现象更加严重和频 发, 钻井易破断失效已成为制约该项技术推广应用的关键难题之一。本文通过采 用基础理论及案例分析、基础实验研究和数值模拟实验相结合的方法,对采动条 件下地层中软弱夹层区域的运动规律及钻井破坏特征进行了研究。 1)通过对采动条件下覆岩的垮落特征及淮南矿区、晋城矿区的实际工程案 例分析,得到 (1)岩层运动过程中,移动界限和拐点界限与套管破坏之间存在 动态响应关系,将老顶垮落临界点时的断裂位置划分为应力缓冲区,应力集中区 (应力拉伸区与应力挤压区)及应力松散区;确定了套管变形中弯曲内侧下部位 置为极易破坏的危险区域; (2)统计了淮南顾桥矿、谢桥矿、潘一矿、张集矿, 晋城成庄矿的钻井破坏情况,并从套管的破坏形式、钻井井身结构、围岩岩性等 方面对套管破坏进行了分析,得出软弱岩层处套管发生破坏的概率达到 82.8, 发生位置多为软弱岩层的层面处;另外,分析了扶余油田、新立油田的石油开采 钻井的破坏情况,亦是如此,分许结果与研究内容基本符合。 2)对地层中软岩夹层区域进行了针对性研究,通过实验室实验对 HSH(硬 -软-硬) 特殊结构试件在单轴载荷条件下的运动规律进行了探索, 实验结果表明 (1) 实验试件的应力-应变曲线图与软弱岩石的应力-应变曲线图, 其峰前的趋势 基本相似,验证了模拟实验的可行性和正确性; (2)试件经过单轴抗压试验后, 破坏全部是从中部的软弱夹层开始发生, 说明软岩相邻岩层的错动是由于软岩自 身发生破坏造成的;随着试件软弱夹层强度的增大,上下砂岩岩块的相对滑移量 成线性减小, 而随着试件软弱夹层厚度的增大, 试件出现了两段不同的变化趋势; 3) 利用数值模拟分析软件FLAC3D模拟了现实的地层移动及钻井受力情况 (1)在工作面推过 140m,即扰动效果达到软岩位置时,钻井套管的整体受力特 征显示为软岩区域剪切力迅速增大, 并针对性的对比了有无软岩两种情形下软岩 位置的最大剪切力情况,发现在软岩处套管受到的最大剪切力显著增大; (2)分 析了软岩区域内岩层分界面与软岩内部的滑移相对量, 以此来探究岩层运动导致 钻井破坏的根本原因软岩自身的可塑性较强,与相似模拟实验结果吻合; (3) 采用敏感系数分析法, 确定了力学参数应该成为考虑软岩岩层加剧岩层运动强烈 程度的第一要素。 万方数据 II 该论文有图 38 幅,表 16 个,参考文献 84 篇。 关键词关键词地面钻井;岩层运动;软岩;钻井破坏 万方数据 III Abstract Gas is one of the important factors threatening the safety of coal mine production. Surface drilling and extraction is an efficient coal mine gas development model. However, in the process of coal seam mining, the overlying strata move violently, which causes significant shear, extrusion, stretching and other destructive effects on the drilling shaft, and even causes the drilling to break. When there is a weak interlayer in the local bed, drilling damage is more serious and more frequent, and drilling easily broken failure has become one of the key problems restricting the popularization and application of this technology. In this paper, by using the basic theory and case analysis, basic experimental research and numerical simulation experiment, the of combining the mining area in the strata under the conditions of weak intercalated motion rule and characteristics of drilling was studied. 1 By analyzing the caving characteristics of overburden under mining conditions and the actual engineering cases of huainan mining area and jincheng mining area, the following conclusions can be obtained 1 In the process of rock strata movement, there is a dynamic response relationship between the limit of movement and the limit of inflection point and casing failure. The position of the lower part of bending internal test in casing deation is determined to be a dangerous area which is easily destroyed. 2 The drilling failure of guqiao mine, xieqiao mine, panyi mine, zhangji mine and jincheng chengzhuang mine in huainan is statistically analyzed. It is concluded that the probability of casing failure in the soft rock layer is up to 82.8. In addition, the damage of oil drilling in fuyu oilfield and xinli oilfield is analyzed. 2 A targeted study was conducted on the soft rock interlayer area in the stratum, and the movement rule of HSH hard-soft-hard special structure specimen under uniaxial load was explored through laboratory experiments. The experimental results showed that 1 The stress-strain curve of the test specimen is similar to the stress- strain curve of the soft rock, and the trend before the peak is basically similar, which verifies the feasibility and correctness of the simulation experiment.2 After the uniaxial compression test, all the failures occurred from the weak interlayer in the middle, indicating that the dislocation of adjacent strata of soft rock was caused by the failure of soft rock itself. With the increase of the strength of the soft interlayer, the relative slip of the upper and lower sandstone blocks decreases linearly. 万方数据 IV 3 Using the numerical simulation analysis software FLAC3D to simulate the actual ation movement and drilling force 1 When the working face is pushed over 140m, that is, the disturbance effect reaches the position of soft rock, the overall stress characteristics of the drilling casing show that the shear force in the soft rock area increases rapidly. In addition, the maximum shear force in the position of soft rock is compared with and without soft rock. It is found that the maximum shear force on the casing in the soft rock area increases significantly.2 The relative amount of slip between the rock interface and the soft rock in the soft rock area is analyzed to explore the root cause of drilling failure caused by the rock movement.3 By means of sensitivity coefficient analysis, it is determined that mechanical parameters should be the first factor to consider the intensity of the movement of soft rock strata. The paper has 38 pictures, 16 tables, and 84 references. Keywords surface drilling; rock movement; soft rock; drilling damage 万方数据 V 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ........................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 .......................................................................................................................... V 图清单图清单 ........................................................................................................................ IX 表清单表清单 ....................................................................................................................... XII 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................. XIII 1 绪论绪论 ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 选题意义.................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状...................................................................................................... 4 1.3 问题的提出与研究内容.......................................................................................... 6 2 覆岩移动变形规律与钻井破坏关键区域分析覆岩移动变形规律与钻井破坏关键区域分析 ........................................................ 8 2.1 上覆岩层采动变形与地面钻井失稳破坏规律...................................................... 8 2.2 钻井主要破坏形式................................................................................................ 13 2.3 国内钻井破坏情况及分析.................................................................................... 16 2.4 本章小结................................................................................................................ 25 3 含软弱夹层复合岩体的滑移变形实验研究含软弱夹层复合岩体的滑移变形实验研究 .......................................................... 26 3.1 实验模型................................................................................................................ 26 3.2 实验方法................................................................................................................ 32 3.3 结果分析................................................................................................................ 32 3.4 本章小结................................................................................................................ 38 4 软弱岩层对钻井受力的影响特性研究软弱岩层对钻井受力的影响特性研究 .................................................................. 40 4.1 软件介绍................................................................................................................ 40 4.2 基础数值模型及其参数........................................................................................ 40 4.3 软岩变化参数模型................................................................................................ 43 4.4 模拟结果分析........................................................................................................ 44 4.5 本章小结................................................................................................................ 50 5 结论与展望结论与展望 .............................................................................................................. 51 5.1 总结........................................................................................................................ 51 万方数据 VI 5.2 创新点.................................................................................................................... 52 5.3 不足与展望............................................................................................................ 52 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 53 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 58 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 59 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 60 万方数据 VII Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................... III Contents .................................................................................................................... VII List of Figures ............................................................................................................ IX List of Tables ............................................................................................................. XII List of Variables...................................................................................................... XIII 1Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Significance of the Topic ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Status at Home and Abroad ...................................................................... 4 1.3 The Problem and the Research Content ................................................................... 6 2 Analysis of Overburden Movement and Deation Law and Key Areas of Drilling Failure ............................................................................................................. 8 2.1 Mining Deation and Displacement of Overlying Strata and Failure Rules of Surface DrillingInstability ............................................................................................. 8 2.2 Drilling the Main of Failure ......................................................................... 13 2.3 Domestic Drilling Damage and Analysis ............................................................... 16 2.4 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 25 3 Research on Sliding Deation of Composite Rock Mass Containing Soft Interlayer by Experiment .......................................................................................... 26 3.1 Experimental Model............................................................................................... 26 3.2 Experimental ............................................................................................. 31 3.3 Result Analysis....................................................................................................... 31 3.4 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 38 4 Research on the Influence of Soft Rock ation on Drilling Force ............... 40 4.1 Software Introduction ............................................................................................ 40 4.2 Basic Numerical Model and Parameters ................................................................ 40 4.3 Soft Rock Variation Parameter Model ................................................................... 43 4.4 Simulation Result Analysis .................................................................................... 44 4.5 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 50 万方数据 VIII 5 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 51 5.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 51 5.2 Creative Points ....................................................................................................... 52 5.3 Shortcomings and Prospects .................................................................................. 52 References ................................................................................................................... 53 Author’s Resume ........................................................................................................ 58 Declaration of Thesis Originality ............................................................................. 59 Thesis Data Collection ............................................................................................... 60 万方数据 I