发耳矿山体赋存煤层群开采坡体失稳规律及其控制研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 发耳矿山体赋存煤层群开采坡体失稳 规律及其控制研究 Study on the Regularity and Control of slope instability by Mountain Coals Mining in Faer Mine 作 者徐 春 导 师鲁 岩 副教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一九年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权， 即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD8 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 发耳矿山体赋存煤层群开采坡体失稳规律 及其控制研究 Study on the Regularity and Control of slope instability by Mountain Coals Mining in Faer Mine 作 者 徐 春 导 师 鲁 岩 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 岩体力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 陆菜平 评 阅 人 盲 审 二○一九年五月 万方数据 致致 谢谢 时光飞逝，三年的硕士学习生涯即将完成，三年的点滴，都将是我今后人 生中宝贵的回忆。我很荣幸，在这里遇见了诲人不倦的老师，志同道合的师兄 弟，在此即将告别时刻，我向所有帮助、指导过我的老师、朋友致以真诚的感 谢。 本文是在鲁岩副教授的悉心指导下完成的，在此我谨向我的导师鲁岩老师 致以深深的谢意，感谢鲁岩老师悉心的指导与点拨，对于您的教诲，我无比感 激，并且谨记于心。感谢刘长友老师的指导与教诲，您严谨治学的态度和一丝 不苟的作风使我受益无穷，再次感谢您的教诲与帮助 感谢刘江伟、陈宝宝、杜贝举博士师兄在编写论文中的指导和帮助，和师 兄们的讨论过程中我受益良多，在此表示衷心的感谢 感谢武飞、仇奎凯、胡腾飞、何欣、张尚专、李学峰、赵明鑫、王业恒、 陈毅琪等硕士在模拟实验及学习中的帮助，在此表示衷心的感谢 感谢父母及家人的支持与鼓励，是你们的付出与支持让我走到今天 最后感谢各位专家在百忙之中对本论文的评阅，作者水平有限，文中不足 之处，衷心的希望得到您的批评与指正 徐 春 2019 年 5 月 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 本文根据发耳煤矿实际问题， 在前人对山区开采的研究基础上，分别通过理 论分析、相似模拟和数值模拟等研究方法，对山体赋存条件下煤层群开采覆岩活 动规律、边坡沉陷及坡体移动破坏等行了研究，同时对煤层开采坡体失稳诱发滑 坡规律进行了研究。 根据地质资料进行分析， 获取发耳矿山体边坡自然几何形态、覆岩关键层位 置、煤层开采地质条件等基本信息。采用相似模拟建立物理模型，研究煤层群开 采过程中覆岩及坡面断裂裂隙发育规律、坡体的变形破坏规律、坡面的移动破坏 范围等。 利用 UDEC 数值模拟软件，研究重复采动过程中，边坡的沉陷规律、坡角变 化范围、裂缝发育规律、坡面的滑动规律等。根据所得到采动过程中坡体变形失 稳的规律，建立力学模型，分析坡体失稳滑动的机理，并分析不同条件下煤层群 开采坡体变形失稳特点，研究开采坡体失稳诱发山体滑坡的机理。 结合传统山体失稳滑坡防治措施与煤层开采技术，针对发耳矿的地质条件， 提出防治措施，利 UDEC 数值模拟软件对安全防滑煤柱宽度进行研究，提出预 应力锚索、离层注浆等技术作为后备辅助措施，在确保坡体稳定的条件下进行开 采。 该论文有图 49 幅，表 10 个，参考文献 94 篇。 关键词关键词山体赋存；采动滑坡；边坡失稳；开采沉陷；防滑技术 万方数据 II AbstractAbstract In this paper, according to the practical problems of the ear hair coal mine, on the basis of predecessors study of mountain mining, respectively through the theory analysis and analog simulation and numerical simulation s, such as the mountain occurrence conditions of coal seam group mining strata movement rule, subsidence of slope and slope movement damage such as line, at the same time of coal seam mining law of slope instability induced landslide is studied. Based on the analysis of geological data, the basic ination of the natural geometry of the mountain slope, the position of the key strata of overburden, and the geological conditions of coal seam mining were obtained.The physical model is established by using similar simulation to study the development law of overburden and slope surface fractures, the deation and failure law of slope body, and the movement and failure range of slope surface in the process of coal seam group mining. By using UDEC numerical simulation software, the subsidence law, slope Angle variation range, crack development law and slope surface sliding law of the slope in the process of repeated mining are analyzed. According to the rules of slope deation and instability obtained in the mining process, the mechanical model was established to analyze the mechanism of slope instability and sliding, and the characteristics of slope deation and instability in coal seam group mining under different conditions were analyzed. The mechanism of landslide induced by mining slope instability is studied. Combine the traditional mountain instability of landslide prevention and control measures and coal seam mining technology, according to the geological conditions of the ear hair ore, puts forward prevention measures, the state of the numerical simulation software for safety non-slip coal pillar width is studied, put forward the prestressed anchor cable, abscission layer grouting technology as backup auxiliary measures, such as to ensure slope stability under the condition of mining. This paper includes 49 graphs, 10 tables and 94 references. Keywords landslide occurrence; mining landslide; slope instability; mining subsidence; prevent slippery technology 万方数据 III 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ........................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ........................................................................................................................ III 图清单图清单 ....................................................................................................................... VII 表清单表清单 .......................................................................................................................... X 变量注释表变量注释表 ................................................................................................................ XI 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 选题背景及研究意义............................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状..................................................................................................... 1 1.3 研究内容及方法..................................................................................................... 5 2 发耳矿山体赋存煤层群采动覆岩活动规律发耳矿山体赋存煤层群采动覆岩活动规律 ........................................................... 7 2.1 地质赋存条件分析................................................................................................. 7 2.2 覆岩关键层分析..................................................................................................... 9 2.3 山体赋存煤层群采动覆岩及坡面活动相似模拟研究....................................... 12 2.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 20 3 山体赋存煤层群开采边坡沉陷规律研究山体赋存煤层群开采边坡沉陷规律研究 ............................................................. 22 3.1 采动边坡地表沉陷规律分析............................................................................... 22 3.2 重复开采边坡沉陷预计....................................................................................... 24 3.3 重复开采条件下边坡沉陷数值模拟分析........................................................... 27 3.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 35 4 山体赋存煤层群开采坡体失稳规律研究山体赋存煤层群开采坡体失稳规律研究 ............................................................. 36 4.1 开采坡体失稳机理分析....................................................................................... 36 4.2 煤层群开采边坡失稳影响因素分析................................................................... 39 4.3 本章小结............................................................................................................... 45 5 山体赋存煤层群开采坡体失稳控制研究山体赋存煤层群开采坡体失稳控制研究 ............................................................. 47 5.1 传统滑坡治理基本原则....................................................................................... 47 5.2 发耳矿山体赋存煤层群开采边坡稳定控制设计............................................... 49 5.3 本章小结............................................................................................................... 59 6 主要结论主要结论 ................................................................................................................. 60 万方数据 IV 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 61 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 67 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 68 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 69 万方数据 V Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ....................................................................................................................... V List of Figures ........................................................................................................... VII List of Tables ................................................................................................................ X List of Variables......................................................................................................... XI 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background and Significance of the Subject ........................................................... 1 1.2 Research Status at Home and Abroad ...................................................................... 1 1.3 Research Contents and s .............................................................................. 5 2 Mining Overburden Activity Law of Mountain Coals Mining in Faer Mine ...... 7 2.1 Analysis of Geological Occurrence Conditions ....................................................... 7 2.2 Key Strata Analysis of Overburden ......................................................................... 9 2.3 Similar Simulation Study on Mining Overburden and Slope Activity of Coal Seam in Mountain .................................................................................................................. 12 2.4 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 20 3 Study on the Law of the Slope Subsidence of Mountain Coals Mining ............. 22 3.1 Analysis of Subsidence Law of Mining Slope ....................................................... 22 3.2 Prediction of Slope Subsidence of Repeated Mining ............................................ 24 3.3 Numerical Simulation Analysis of Slope Subsidence under Different Mining Conditions .................................................................................................................... 27 3.4 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 35 4 Study on the Regularity of Slope Instability by Mountain Coals Mining ......... 36 4.1 Failure Mechanism Analysis of Mining Slope....................................................... 36 4.2 Influence Factor Analysis of Mining Slope Instability .......................................... 39 4.3 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 45 5 Study on Slope Instability Control by Mountain Coals Mining ......................... 47 5.1 The Basic Principle of Traditional Landslide Control ........................................... 47 5.2 Design of Slope Stability Control for Coal Seam Group Mining in Faer Mine .... 49 5.3 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 59 万方数据 VI 6 Main Conclusions .................................................................................................... 60 References ................................................................................................................... 61 Authors Resume ........................................................................................................ 67 Declaration of Thesis Originality ............................................................................. 68 Dissertation Date Collection...................................................................................... 69 万方数据 VII 图清单图清单 图序号 图名称 页码 图 1-1 论文研究技术路线 6 Figure 1-1 Research technique way of dissertation 6 图 2-1 地表等高线图 7 Figure 2-1 Surface contour map 7 图 2-2 地表地形图 8 Figure 2-2 Surface topography 8 图 2-3 发耳煤矿煤层综合柱状图（局部） 9 Figure 2-3 Coal seam integrated histogram of Faer coal mine（parttial） 9 图 2-4 程序主界面 10 Figure 2-4 Main interface 10 图 2-5 数据调整界面 11 Figure 2-5 Data adjustment interface 11 图 2-6 模型设计及测点布置图 13 Figure 2-6 Model design and layout of displacement measuring points 13 图 2-7 相似模拟模型图 13 Figure 2-7 Similar simulation model diagram 13 图 2-8 1煤层回采覆岩活动规律 15 Figure 2-8 The law of overlying activity in 1 coal 15 图 2-9 3煤层开采坡体活动规律 16 Figure 2-9 The law of overlying activity in 3 coal 16 图 2-10 5-2煤层开采坡体活动规律 17 Figure 2-10 The law of overlying activity in 5-2 coal 17 图 2-11 采动坡体活动规律 18 Figure 2-11 Mining slope activity law 18 图 2-12 坡体局部滑动图 19 Figure 2-12 Local slope slide chart 19 图 2-13 煤层开采边坡移动特征 20 Figure 2-13 Characteristics of coal mining slope movement 20 图 3-1 边坡地表沉陷 22 Figure 3-1 Slope surface subsidence 22 图 3-2 地表沉陷预计原理 23 Figure 3-2 Prediction principle of surface subsidence 23 图 3-3 预计程序主界面 25 Figure 3-3 Main interface of the predict program 25 图 3-4 坡体形态及测线分布图 26 Figure 3-4 Slope morphology and line distribution 26 图 3-5 坡面移动规律图 26 万方数据 VIII Figure 3-5 Slope movement law 26 图 3-6 数值模拟模型 27 Figure 3-6 Numerical simulation model 27 图 3-7 采动坡体垂直及水平位移 28 Figure 3-7 Vertical and horizontal displacement of mining slope 28 图 3-8 采动坡面移动规律 29 Figure 3-8 Mining slope movement rule 29 图 3-9 坡面滑动规律 30 Figure 3-9 Slope sliding law 30 图 3-10 1煤层回采监测点移动 31 Figure 3-10 Movement of monitoring point in ming of 1 coal seam 31 图 3-11 3煤层回采监测点移动 32 Figure 3-11 Movement of monitoring point in ming of 3 coal seam 32 图 3-12 5-2煤层回采监测点移动 32 Figure 3-12 Movement of monitoring point in ming of 5-2 coal seam 32 图 3-13 采动滑坡形态图 33 Figure 3-13 Mining-induced landslide morphological 33 图 3-14 坡体变形 34 Figure 3-14 The deation of slope body 34 图 3-15 采动坡角变化分析 35 Figure 3-15 Analysis of mining slope angle change 35 图 4-1 滑坡机理分析 36 Figure 4-1 Analysis of landslide mechanism 36 图 4-3 采动山体受力状态 38 Figure 4-3 Mining mountain stress state diagram 38 图 4-4 块体应力分析 38 Figure 4-4 Block stress analysis 38 图 4-5 开采方向影响分析 39 Figure 4-5 Influence analysis of mining direction 39 图 4-6 采动方向模型 40 Figure 4-6 Mining direction model 40 图 4-7 坡角变化分析 41 Figure 4-7 Slope Angle change analysis 41 图 4-8 坡角模型 42 Figure 4-8 The slope Angle model 42 图 4-9 倾角影响 43 Figure 4-9 The impact of coal seam Angle 43 图 4-10 煤层倾角模型 44 Figure 4-10 The coal seam angle model 44 图 5-1 留煤柱原理图 50 万方数据 IX Figure 5-1 Set coal pillar schematic diagram Set coal pillar schematic diagram 50 图 5-2 煤柱计算原理 50 Figure 5-2 Principle of coal pillar calculation 50 图 5-3 煤柱模型 52 Figure 5-3 Model of coal pillar 52 图 5-4 不同煤柱宽度坡体活动 52 Figure 5-4 Slope activity of different coal pillar widths 52 图 5-5 锚索加固原理图 53 Figure 5-5 Principle of anchor cable reinforcement 53 图 5-6 锚索间距模型 55 Figure 5-6 Anchor cable spacing model 55 图 5-7 加