房采区下综采矿压规律及顶板控制技术研究.pdf

分类号分类号 TD323 密密 级级 公公 开开 U D C 单位代码单位代码 10424 学学 位位 论论 文文 房采区下综采矿压房采区下综采矿压规律规律及及 顶板控制技术研究顶板控制技术研究 张张 云云 朝朝 申请学位级别申请学位级别硕士学位硕士学位 专业专业名名称称采矿工程采矿工程 指导教师姓名指导教师姓名吴吴 士士 良良 职职 称称教教 授授 山山 东东 科科 技技 大大 学学 二零一六年二零一六年六六月月 万方数据 论文题目论文题目 房采区下综采矿压房采区下综采矿压规律规律及及 顶板控制技术研究顶板控制技术研究 作者姓名作者姓名 张张 云云 朝朝 入学时间入学时间 2013 年年 9 月月 领域名称领域名称 采矿工程采矿工程 研究方向研究方向 矿山压力与岩层控制矿山压力与岩层控制 指导教师指导教师 吴吴 士士 良良 职职 称称 教教 授授 论文提交日期论文提交日期2016 年年 04 月月 论文答辩日期论文答辩日期2016 年年 06 月月 授予学位日期授予学位日期 万方数据 The COMPLETE TECHNICAL SET OF STRATEB EHAVIOR REGULATOR OF FULLY MEICHANIZED COAL FACE AND STRATE CONTROL ROOM MINING AREA A Dissertation ted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY from Shandong University of Science and Technology by Zhang YunZhao Supervisor Professor Wu Shiliang College of Mining and Safety Engineering June 2016 万方数据 声声 明明 本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所 公认的文献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交公认的文献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交 于其它任何学术机关作鉴定。于其它任何学术机关作鉴定。 硕士生签名硕士生签名 日日 期期 AFFIRMATION I declare that this dissertation，，ted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master of Philosophy in Shandong University of Science and Technology，，is wholly my own work unless referenced of acknowledge. The document has not been ted for qualification at any other academic institute. Signature Date 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 摘摘 要要 作为世界七大煤田之一的神东煤田具有浅埋藏、薄基岩、厚松散层的赋存特点，上 世纪由于受工业设备制造水平和技术研究水平等方面的影响，无法对神东煤田进行大规 模开发，而是多采用简单的房柱式采煤法进行回采，该方法留下大量煤柱，造成局部应 力集中，不利于围岩控制。受上覆集中煤柱的影响，下煤层开采时，工作面矿压显现强 烈，液压支架活柱瞬时大幅下缩，甚至发生压架事故，严重威胁着回采面安全生产。因 此，急需进行集中煤柱和房采区下综采面顶板控制问题的研究。 本论文以石圪台煤矿 31203 综采面矿压规律为研究背景，通过对支架工作阻力和宏 观矿压显现的观测，得到了工作面顶板运动步距、压力显现特点以及运动参数，构建了 顶板结构模型。运用 FLAC 3D 技术和理论分析计算，结合实测矿压数据，得到房采区煤 柱产生的应力集中系数和影响垂深，房采区房柱产生的集中应力不会影响到下煤层工作 面，但上覆集中煤柱会影响下煤层开采。 通过分析，集中煤柱超前失稳有利于抑制顶板反向回转下沉，冒落的矸石和已失稳 的煤柱共同支撑老顶岩梁，并压实其下部垮落矸石，与煤柱边界未发生超前失稳相比， 岩梁多受到下部矸石支撑力的作用，最终使得传递至下煤层老顶的载荷大幅减小。井上 下爆破和高压注水可促使煤柱发生超前失稳。 总结出房采区下综采面顶板控制的成套技术采前优化工作面布置，采时矿压、微 震监测和地表岩移观测相结合的预报预警系统，回采过程中房采区下保持合理的采高、 加快推进速度、来压期间不检修以及保证支架初撑力等常规控顶措施和超前工作面打卸 压钻孔、深孔爆破技术、注浆充填以及缩小工作面等专门控顶措施。 关键词关键词综采工作面，煤柱，矿压规律，深孔爆破，顶板控制 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 Abstract As one of the seven major coal field of the world, the god of the east field has the currencies characteristics of shallow burial depth ,thin bedrock ,upper thick unconsolidated layers .As the influence of equipment manufacturing level and technology research level of industry of the last century, we can not able to develop on a large scale to the god of the east field but rather often use simple and advantageous board and pillar to extract. This leaves large areas of room goaf,residual coal pillar and large cool. The cool pillar leads to stress raisers ,and is not good to the surrounding rock control .Effected by the upper concentrated coal pillar and room ming area, when mining ,the strata behaviors fierceness and even results in fully mechanized supports crushing accident. It seriously threatens the safety production of working face. Therefore, we are badly in need of research of the concentrated coal pillar and the control problem of fully mechanized cool face below room mining area. This paper is on the engineering background of Face 31203 of Stone Ge Tai coal mine. Through the observation of support working resistance and macroscopic strata behavior, we get roof drawing pace of working face, roof pressure appearance and movement parameter of roof and roof structure model. Through the technology of FLAC3D,the theoretical analysis and calculation, and combine with the measured mine pressure data, we get the stress concentrated factor is A and the impact vertical depth is B. The concentrated stress of small coal pillar of room mining area can not influence the down coal seam working face, but the working face is still has the danger of pressing support. Through analyzing, the advance instability of concentrated coal pillar is good to restrain the reverse, rotary and subsidence of roof. Caving gangue and in stabled cool pillar support the rock beam of main roof together and compact the collapse gangue. Compare with the board of the coal pillar which do not occur advance instability, the rock beam get the holding power of gangue mainly and finally the load which is acted decreased largely. Deep-hole pre-splitting blasting was adopted to urged face advance instability for ensuring mining safety when the face cutting the upper coal pillar.When mining below room mining area, we keep reasonable mining height ,fast marching, no maintenance during roof weighting ,and make sure of the support resistance 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 Summarize the complete technology of real mining mining face roof control optimizing the arrangement of working face before harvest, adopting the forecasting and early warning system of monitoring mine pressure and microseismic as well as the displacement of surface rock during mining. Maintaining reasonable mining height, accelerating advance speed, pressuring during overhaul and bracketing ensures that the initial supporting force of conventional control measures under the housing area when mining and adopting the special control measures of drilling on advanced working face to relief pressure, the technology of blasting deep hole and grouting, narrowing working face etc. Keywords fully mechanized coal face，coal pillar，strata behavior regularity，deep-hole pre-splitting blasting，roof control 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 目目 录录 1 绪论绪论 ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 课题的提出及研究意义 ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 主要研究内容......................................................................................................... 7 1.4 研究方法与技术路线 ............................................................................................. 7 2 房采区下综采面矿压规律房采区下综采面矿压规律 ............................................................................................... 9 2.1 概况 ........................................................................................................................ 9 2.2 顶板运动步距分析 ............................................................................................... 14 2.3 工作面顶板压力显现实测分析 ............................................................................ 18 2.4 采场顶板结构分析 ............................................................................................... 21 2.5 小结 ...................................................................................................................... 30 3 煤柱稳定性及其影响研究煤柱稳定性及其影响研究 ............................................................................................. 32 3.1 上覆已采 2-2 煤区域划分 .................................................................................... 32 3.2 煤柱稳定性分析 ................................................................................................... 33 3.3 集中煤柱对工作面顶板压力影响 ........................................................................ 37 3.4 集中煤柱超前失稳破坏技术 ............................................................................... 40 3.5 小结 ...................................................................................................................... 41 4 煤柱集中载荷底板传递规律及煤柱失稳作用的数值模拟煤柱集中载荷底板传递规律及煤柱失稳作用的数值模拟........................................... 43 4.1 模拟目的和软件介绍 ........................................................................................... 43 4.2 煤柱集中载荷底板传递规律模拟 ........................................................................ 44 4.3 煤柱超前失稳削弱作用的数值模拟 .................................................................... 48 4.4 小结 ...................................................................................................................... 51 5 房采区下综采面顶板控制成套技术研房采区下综采面顶板控制成套技术研究究 ...................................................................... 53 5.1 采前优化设计....................................................................................................... 53 5.2 采时预测预报....................................................................................................... 54 5.3 采时控顶技术....................................................................................................... 57 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 5.4 小结 ...................................................................................................................... 60 6 主要结论及展望主要结论及展望 ............................................................................................................ 61 6.1 主要结论 .............................................................................................................. 61 6.2 展望 ...................................................................................................................... 63 致谢致谢 ..................................................................................................................................... 64 参考文献参考文献.............................................................................................................................. 65 攻读硕士期间主要成果攻读硕士期间主要成果 ...................................................................................................... 69 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Proposed of subject and research significance ................................................................................ 2 1.2 Research history and status at home and abroad ............................................................................. 2 1.3 Main research contents .................................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Research and technical route .............................................................................................. 7 2 Strata behavior regularity of fully mechanized coal face below room mining area 9 2.1 General situation ............................................................................................................................. 9 2.2 Analysis of strata behaviors drawing pace measured .................................................................... 14 2.3 Analysis of the face roof pressure measured ................................................................................. 18 2.4 Analysis of stope roof structure .................................................................................................... 21 2.5 Brief Summary .............................................................................................................................. 30 3 Study on the stability and the influence of the coal pillar............................................ 32 3.1 Room mining area division ........................................................................................................... 32 3.2 Stability analysis of coal pillar ...................................................................................................... 33 3.3 The influence of the coal pillar on the roof pressure of the working face ................................... 36 3.4 Advanced failure and failure of concentrated coal pillar .............................................................. 40 3.5 Brief Summary .............................................................................................................................. 41 4 The transfer rule of coal pillar concentrated load and the numerical simulation of coal pillar instability ........................................................................................................... 43 4.1 Simulation purpose and software introduction .............................................................................. 43 4.2 Simulation of transfer law of coal pillar concentrated load........................................................... 44 4.3 Numerical simulation of the effect of coal pillar ahead instability ............................................. 48 4.4 Brief Summary .............................................................................................................................. 51 5 The roof control technology and effects when the face cutting the upper coal pillar . 52 5.1 Optimizing design before mining .................................................................................................. 52 5.2 Prediction during mining ............................................................................................................... 53 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 5.3 The technology of controling roof during mining ......................................................................... 56 5.4 Brief Summary .............................................................................................................................. 58 6 Conclusions and prospect ............................................................................................. 60 6.1 Main Conclusions.......................................................................................................................... 60 6.2 Prospect ......................................................................................................................................... 62 Thanks ................................................................................................................................. 63 References ........................................................................................................................... 64 Main work achievement of the author during working on master paper......................... 68 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 绪论 1 1 绪论绪论 1.1 课题的提出及研究意义课题的提出及研究意义 工业是国民经济发展的主要产业，煤炭作为工业发展的支撑，在以后相当一段时间 内仍是我国最主要能源，对国民经济的快速发展至关重要。当前，虽然受国家整体经济 形势和供求关系的影响，煤炭产能过剩较严重，煤炭企业出现不同程度的亏损现象以及 煤炭市场的紧缩，但从长远看，煤炭工业必将恢复健康发展，继续促进国民经济高速发 展。 2013 年全国煤炭产量 36.2 亿吨； 2014 年， 世界煤炭产量为 79 亿吨， 我国产量为 38.7 亿吨，接近世界产量的一半，煤炭消费量占全国能源消费总量的 66；2015 年全国煤炭 产量 37.5 亿吨，下降 3.3，煤炭消费量占全国能源消费总量的 64，全国煤炭产量和 能源消费总量占比略有下降，但煤炭仍是支撑我国经济社会发展的主要能源。 作为世界七大