高恒阻机械式单体支柱在回撤通道支护中的应用研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 高恒阻机械式单体支柱在回撤通道支护中 的应用研究 Application Research of High Constant Resistance Mechanical Single Prop in Retraction Channel Support 作 者吴 鹏 导 师柏建彪 教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一九年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所 撰写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一，学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学 位论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版 和电子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为 教学和科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案 馆、图书馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规， 同意中国国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书）。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD824 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 高恒阻机械式单体支柱在回撤通道支护中 的应用研究 Application Research of High Constant Resistance Mechanical Single Prop in Retraction Channel Support 作 者 吴 鹏 导 师 柏建彪 教授 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 深 地 开 采 答辩委员会主席 王旭峰 评 阅 人 二○一九年五月 万方数据 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生 吴 鹏 在规定的学习年限内，按照研究生培养方案的要求，完成了研 究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成本学位论文，经审阅，论文中 的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同，论文撰写格式符合学校的相关规定， 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送专家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 万方数据 致谢致谢 时光如白驹过隙，转眼三年，研究生生活已接近尾声。在矿大美丽的校园 里，我认识了知识渊博、治学严谨的老师，结识了严谨做科研、精益做文章的 师兄和师姐，还有积极进取、踏实上进的师弟。是他们使我坚定了人生进取的 方向，给予我不懈前进的动力，在大学校园里留下了美好的回忆。在此，我真 诚的向老师、师兄、师姐和师弟们表达深深的谢意。 师从三载，柏建彪教授无论是在硕士论文的撰写上，还是日常生活和学习 上，都对我进行了悉心的指导和照顾。论文选题的指导、技术路线的设计、实 验思路的点拨、论文框架的构建等，柏老师都注入了大量的时间和精力。没有 柏老师的指导和支持，论文不可能顺利完成。柏老师渊博的学识、高尚的人格 品质、严谨的治学态度、深厚的学术造诣，将使学生终生受益。值此论文完成 之际，再次向柏建彪老师致以崇高的敬意和衷心的感谢 特别感谢茅献彪教授、陈彦龙副研究员在论文修改方面给予的大力支持， 感谢张凯研究员、浦海教授、吴宇研究员、巨峰研究员、张桂民副教授、张后 全副教授、李明助理研究员等在学术论文写作方面给予的指导同时感谢陈梁 博士、郝阳博士、陶静博士、崔灿博士、牛钢钢博士、石浩博士、安超硕士、 王逸鸣硕士、姚本余硕士、张文力硕士、王贞硕硕士、滕毅硕士、常西亚硕士、 薛欣然硕士、谢晋勇硕士、樊进城硕士、冯志威硕士等多年同窗在理论分析、 数值模拟和室内试验方面给予的帮助 衷心感谢矿业工程学院和深部岩土国家重点实验室的老师们三年来在学习 和生活上给予的关心、鼓励和帮助。在工程实践中，感谢大同塔山矿的各位领 导和相关负责人员在毕业论文现场实践过程中给予的大力支持。 感谢我的家人多年来对我的关心、支持和鼓励。 感谢论文所引用的文献作者。 感谢各位专家在百忙之中抽出时间评审本论文，衷心希望能够得到您的指 导和帮助。 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 工作面回撤通道支护是巷道支护研究方向的重要内容之一。回撤通道基本 位于煤体中，由于煤体强度低，末采阶段受采动影响造成围岩变形严重，返修 和维护成本较高，严重影响工作面的搬家速度。针对具体的工程地质情况，探 索合理有效的工作面回撤通道控制技术是亟待解决的问题。基于此，本文以塔 山煤矿 1070 水平二盘区工作面回撤通道支护为工程背景，采用理论分析、数值 计算、室内试验和现场试验的方法，系统分析了高恒阻机械式单体支柱的工作 原理和回撤通道变形破坏机理，在此基础上提出了回撤通道贯通前后围岩控制 技术。论文得到的主要结论如下 （1）通过对 8216 工作面回撤通道矿压的实际监测，对回撤通道原支护形 式、地应力测试和围岩变形破坏特征进行研究，得出了回撤通道贯通前后围岩 呈现大变形、非对称的破坏特征，原支护方案下，支护阻力不能满足要求。 （2）建立了高恒阻机械式单体支柱支护阻力的计算模型，推导了支柱的平 衡方程和稳定承载能力的计算公式。开展了支柱支护阻力分析的室内试验，分 析了钢珠直径、柱筒斜面角度、钢珠层数、钢珠材质等对支柱支护阻力的影响 规律。 （3）得到了回撤通道受采动作用的影响范围；采用FLAC3D软件，模拟分 析了单体支柱与侧帮间距、支柱支护阻力、侧压系数对回撤通道围岩应力、位 移和塑性区分布的影响规律。 （4）提出了回撤通道贯通前采用“机械式单体支柱-锚杆-锚索-金属网-钢 带”的耦合支护方案，并进行了工业性试验。结果表明相较于原支护方案， 有效减少了顶板、底板和两帮的变形量。通过充分发挥机械式单体支柱高支护 阻力的性能，能显著提高回撤通道围岩的稳定性。 （5）提出了 8216 工作面停采支护工艺以及工作面设备撤退期间的支护方 案。通过现场观测，工作面设备撤退过程中，单体支柱支护比木垛支护具有良 好的切顶卸压作用，减少了液压支架压架灾害的发生，缩短了设备回撤时间， 最终节约支护成本约 82万元。 该论文有图 74幅，表 5 个，参考文献 90篇。 关键词关键词回撤通道；力学模型；机械式单体；围岩变形；数值模拟 万方数据 万方数据 III Abstract The support of retracting tunnel in mining face is one of the important contents in the research direction of roadway support. The retracting channel is basically located in the coal body. Due to the low strength of the coal body and the influence of mining, the surrounding rock is seriously deed in the final mining stage. The cost of repair and maintenance is high, which seriously affects the moving speed of the mining face. In view of the specific engineering geological situation, it is an urgent problem to explore the reasonable and effective control technology of the retracting channel of the mining face. Based on this, this paper takes the support of the retreating channel of the 1070 level 2 panel working area of Tashan Coal Mine as the engineering background, and uses the theoretical analysis, numerical calculation, laboratory test and field test to systematically analyze the working principle of the high constant resistance mechanical single prop and retreat channel deation failure mechanism. On the basis of the deation and failure mechanism of the retracement channel, the control technology of surrounding rock before and after the retracement channel is proposed. The main conclusions of the thesis are as follows 1 Through the actual monitoring of the mine pressure of 8216 mining face in the retracting channel, the original support , in-situ stress test and surrounding rock deation and failure characteristics of the retracting channel were studied, and it was concluded that the surrounding rock presented large deation and asymmetric failure characteristics before and after the retracting channel was connected. Under the original support scheme, the support resistance could not meet the requirements. 2 The calculation model of high constant resistance mechanical single pillar support resistance is established, and the balance equation of the pillar and the calculation ula of the stable bearing capacity are derived. The laboratory test of strut support resistance analysis was carried out, and the influence rules ofsteel ball diameter, bevel angle of cylinder, number of steel ball layerssupport resistance was analyzed. 3 The influence range of the retracting channel by the mining action is obtained; FLAC3D software was used to simulate and analyze the influence of the distance between single pillar and side wall, support strength of pillar and lateral pressure coefficient on the distribution of surrounding rock stress, displacement and plastic zone of the retracting channel. 万方数据 IV 4 The coupling support scheme of “mechanical single prop - anchor rod - anchor rope - metal mesh - steel belt“ was put forward before the opening of the retracting channel, and the industrial test was carried out. The results show that compared with the original support scheme, the deation of roof, floor and two sides is effectively reduced. By giving full play to the high supporting resistance perance of the mechanical single pillar, the stability of the surrounding rock of the retracting channel can be significantly improved. 5 the support technology of 8216 mining face stoppage and the support scheme during the withdrawal of mining face equipment are proposed. Through field observation, in the process of equipment withdrawal at the mining face, the support of single pillar has a better effect of top cutting and pressure relief than that of wooden crib, which reduces the occurrence of hydraulic support crushing disaster, shortens the time of equipment withdrawal, and ultimately saves about 820 thousand yuan of support cost. This paper has 74 figures, 5 tables and 90 references. Keywords retracting channel; mechanical model; single mechanical prop; rock deation; numerical simulation 万方数据 V 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ............................................................................................................................. I 目目 录录 ............................................................................................................................ V 图清单图清单 ........................................................................................................................ IX 表清单表清单 ..................................................................................................................... XIII 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................. XIV 1 绪论绪论 ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究背景及意义...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状...................................................................................................... 2 1.3 研究内容及研究目标.............................................................................................. 8 1.4 研究方法及技术路线.............................................................................................. 9 2 工作面回撤通道矿压显现规律及变形破坏特征工作面回撤通道矿压显现规律及变形破坏特征 .................................................. 11 2.1 工程概况................................................................................................................ 11 2.2 回撤通道原支护方案............................................................................................ 13 2.3 回撤通道地应力测试............................................................................................ 14 2.4 回撤通道锚杆轴力监测........................................................................................ 15 2.5 回撤通道围岩变形监测........................................................................................ 16 2.6 回撤通道变形破坏特征........................................................................................ 17 2.7 本章小结................................................................................................................ 20 3 高恒阻机械式单体支柱支护原理及支护阻力分析高恒阻机械式单体支柱支护原理及支护阻力分析 .............................................. 21 3.1支柱结构特征及支护原理 .................................................................................... 21 3.2支柱支护阻力力学分析 ........................................................................................ 22 3.3 支柱支护阻力室内试验........................................................................................ 29 3.4 支柱支护阻力数值计算........................................................................................ 34 3.5 本章小结................................................................................................................ 35 4 工作面回撤通道围岩稳定性影响因素分析工作面回撤通道围岩稳定性影响因素分析 .......................................................... 37 4.1 回撤通道受采动影响范围的确定........................................................................ 37 4.2 回撤通道围岩稳定性分析的数值模型................................................................ 38 4.3支柱与侧帮间距对回撤通道围岩稳定性的影响 ................................................ 41 4.4支柱支护阻力对回撤通道围岩稳定性的影响 .................................................... 51 万方数据 VI 4.5侧压系数对回撤通道围岩稳定性的影响 ............................................................ 60 4.6本章小结 ................................................................................................................ 70 5 高恒阻机械式单体支柱在回撤通道支护中的应用高恒阻机械式单体支柱在回撤通道支护中的应用 .............................................. 72 5.1 工作面贯通前回撤通道支护方案设计................................................................ 72 5.2 工作面贯通前回撤通道矿压监测........................................................................ 73 5.3 工作面末采阶段停采支护方案设计.................................................................... 76 5.4 工作面贯通后回撤通道支护方案设计................................................................ 80 5.5 工作面回撤过程中顶板支护效果分析................................................................ 82 5.6 回撤通道支护的经济效益分析............................................................................ 86 5.7 本章小结................................................................................................................ 86 6 主要结论主要结论 .................................................................................................................. 87 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 89 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 95 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 97 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 99 万方数据 VII Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................... III Contents .................................................................................................................... VII List of Figures ............................................................................................................ IX List of Tables ........................................................................................................... XIII List of Variables...................................................................................................... XIV 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Significance and Background................................................................... 1 1.2 Present Research Status at Home and Abroad ......................................................... 2 1.3 Research Contents and Objectives ........................................................................... 8 1.4 Research s and Technical Routes ................................................................. 9 2 Mining Pressure Developing Rules and Deation and Failure Characteristics of the Retracting Channel of the Mining Face ...................................................... 11 2.1 Engineering Situation............................................................................................. 11 2.2 Original Support s in the Retracting Channel............................................ 13 2.3 Stress Test of the Retracting Tunnel ...................................................................... 14 2.4 Anchor Axial Force Monitoring of Retracting Channel ........................................ 15 2.5 Monitoring surrounding rock deation of the Retracting channel ................... 16 2.6 Deation and Failure Characteristics of the Retracting Channel ..................... 17 2.7 Summary ................................................................................................................ 20 3 Support Principle and Resistance Analysis of High Resistance Mechanical Single Prop ........................................................................................................................... 21 3.1 Structural Characteristics and Supporting Principle of Single Pillar ..................... 21 3.2 Mechanical Analysis of Pillars support Resistance ............................................... 22 3.3 IndoorTest of Single Pillar Support Resistance ..................................................... 29 3.4 Numerical Calculation of Support Resistance of Single Pillar .............................. 34 3.5 Summary ................................................................................................................ 35 4 Analysis of Influence Characteristics of Surrounding Rock Stability of Mining Face Retracement Channel ..................................................................................... 37 4.1 Determination of the Extent of Impact of the Retracting Channel ........................ 37 万方数据 VIII 4.2 Numerical Model for Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock in the Retracting Tunnel .........