赵家沟矿2号煤层三采区半煤岩巷支护优化技术研究.pdf

工程硕士专业学位论文 赵家沟矿 2 号煤层三采区半煤岩巷 支护优化技术研究 Research on Optimization Technology of Supporting Half Coal Rock Roadway in No.2 Coal Seam and No.3 MiningArea of Zhaojiagou Mine 作者白建亮 导师郑西贵教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一九年五月 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名导师签名 年月日年月日 中图分类号TD353学校代码10290 UDC622密级公开 中国矿业大学 工程硕士学位论文 赵家沟矿 2 号煤层三采区半煤岩巷 支护优化技术研究 Research on Optimization Technology of Supporting Half Coal Rock Roadway in No.2 Coal Seam and No.3 MiningArea of Zhaojiagou Mine 作者白建亮导师郑西贵 申请学位 工程硕士专业学位培养单位矿业学院 学科专业矿业工程研究方向岩体力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席评 阅 人 二〇一九年五月 致谢致谢 2006 年离开学校，2012 年进入煤矿企业工作，本科所学非采矿专业， 进入矿企后，发现自己在所从事专业领域欠缺太多专业知识，急需充电，故 努力考取了矿大的工程硕士，所学专业是矿业工程，在研究生学习期间，有 幸聆听了郑西贵老师的课，被郑西贵老师渊博的知识，特别的教课方式所吸 引，通过恳求及努力，有幸能选择郑西贵老师做为导师，指导、教诲自己。 临近毕业， 毕业论文必不可少， 我把自身单位的井下情况向郑老师汇报， 我们公司共有 12 间生产矿井，分布在吕梁地区周边，多为国家整合矿井时 整合而来，井下条件艰苦，地质构造复杂，通过沟通，郑老师建议选取我单 位赵家沟煤矿井下半煤岩巷支护方面的研究方向作为毕业论文的课题。 论文 的撰写对我来说有些吃力，郑老师不厌其烦的指导我，从现状入手，谈我们 煤矿现状，井下的条件，井下存在的问题，用所学如何解决，用什么方式解 决， 效果如何等等。 让我结合研究生期间所学知识， 对症做研究， 所学所用， 会学会用， 理论实践相结合， 逐步引导， 打开我的思路。 并在我遇到难题时， 郑老师用他专业的眼光与我一起分析，点拨我，使我能顺利完成论文。 工程硕士是边工作边学习，学用相结合，感谢遇到郑西贵老师，感谢老 师对我的教导，感谢老师对我的答疑解惑。通过几年系统的学习，对我煤矿 工作的开展大有裨益， 使我能够以更饱满的热情及能力投入到现在的工作当 中去，感谢郑西贵老师，感谢中国矿大。 白建亮 2019 年 5 月 I 摘摘要要 本文主要围绕赵家沟矿 2 号煤层三采区采准巷道支护方案优化设计展开研 究， 在充分了解赵家沟矿 2 号煤层的原先支护设计以及在生产过程中出现的一系 列巷道围岩控制难题的前提下，采用理论计算、数值模拟、现场工业性试验等研 究手段得出 采用 0.8m0.8m 的锚杆间排距对 2 号煤层三采区采准巷道顶板及两 帮能够实现明显控制，且在现场工业性试验中取得了优越的支护效果。主要研究 成果列举如下 （1）结合 2 号煤层的地质构造、水文地质条件，顶底板岩性、工作面层间 关系等地质资料，对 2 号煤层三采区的顶底板条件作出了工业性评价，并根据煤 层赋存情况以及应力赋存状态，结合井下工作面生产能力与实际生产要求，确定 了三采区采准巷道断面形状和尺寸。 （2）基于锚杆悬吊支护理论，对赵家沟矿 2 号煤层三采区采准巷道的支护 参数进行优化设计，且提出优化改进后的支护方案，强调在顶板破碎条件下优先 使用全长锚固预应力锚杆，配合使用减磨垫圈和调心球垫等支护构件，提高了预 应力施加强度与其扩散范围，在围岩表面能够形成具有一定厚度的压缩带，增强 围岩的稳定性。 （3）运用数值模拟软件 FLAC3D5.0，根据 2 号煤层围岩力学参数，建立等 效模拟模型， 通过模拟运输顺槽不同断面尺寸大小条件下 0.8m0.8m 的锚杆间排 距的支护效果， 发现 0.8m0.8m 的锚杆间排距在赵家沟煤矿 2 号煤层都能够实现 有效控制，减少巷道变形及顶板离层与水平错动， 增强巷道围岩稳定性。 （4）结合现场工业性试验开展的 2 号煤层三采区采掘工作面围岩松动圈测 试，得出 2 号煤层工作面帮部围岩强度高、工作面易受到较大的采动和扰动影响 的特点。并且通过 2 号煤层三采区采准巷道的矿压现场监测数据记录，针对性的 优化巷道支护方案， 通过数值模拟与现场实测验证分析得出赵家沟矿 2 号煤层三 采区采准巷道支护方案设计合理，支护效果显著，能够实现巷道顶板及两帮变形 控制，有效的满足了井下安全生产的需求。 该论文共有图 63 幅，表 18 个，参考文献 83 篇。 关键词关键词巷道支护；半煤岩巷锚杆支护；优化设计；数值模拟；矿压监测 II Abstract This paper mainly focuses on the optimum design of supporting scheme of the mining roadway in No.2 coal seam of Zhaojiagou Mine. On the premise of fully understanding the original supporting design of No.2 coal seam and a series of difficulties in controlling the surrounding rock of roadway in the production process, the paper uses theoretical calculation, numerical simulation and field industrial test to draw the following conclusions 0.8m x 0.8m bolt-to-bolt interval is adopted. The roof and two sides of the roadway in the third mining area of No. 2 coal seam can be obviously controlled by row spacing, and superior support effect has been achieved in the field industrial test. The main research results are listed as follows 1 Based on the geological structure, hydrogeological conditions, roof and floor lithology and interlayer relationship of No. 2 coal seam, the industrial uation of roof and floor conditions in No. 2 coal seam No. 3 mining area is made. According to the coal seam occurrence and stress occurrence status, and combined with the production capacity and actual production requirements of the underground working face, the cross-section shape and size of the quasi-mining roadway in No. 2 coal seam No. 3 mining area are determined. 。 2 Based on the theory of bolt suspension support, the optimum design of support parameters of the mining roadway in No. 2 coal seam of Zhaojiagou Coal Mine is carried out, and the optimized and improved support scheme is put forward. It is emphasized that under the condition of broken roof, the full-length anchored pre-stressed bolt is preferentially used, and the supporting components such as wear-reducing washer and centering ball cushion are used together to improve the applied strength of pre-stress and its diffusion range. Surface of surrounding rock can a compression zone with a certain thickness to enhance the stability of surrounding rock. 3 Using numerical simulation software FLAC3D5.0, based on the mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock of No.2 coal seam, an equivalent simulation model is established. By simulating the support effect of 0.8m x 0.8m anchor row spacing under the condition of different section sizes along the conveyance channel, it is found that 0.8m x 0.8m anchor row spacing can be effectively controlled in No.2 coal seam of Zhaojiagou Coal Mine, and the roadway deation and roof separation and horizontal fault can be reduced. Dynamic, enhance the stability of roadway III surrounding rock. 4 Combined with the loose zone test of surrounding rock in the mining face of No.2 coal seam No.3 mining area, which was carried out in the field industrial test, the characteristics of high surrounding rock strength in the side wall of No.2 coal seam working face and easy influence of large mining and disturbance were obtained. And through the on-site monitoring data records of the mine pressure of the quasi-mining roadway in the third mining area of No.2 coal seam, targeted optimization of the roadway support scheme. Through numerical simulation and on-site measurement and verification analysis, it is concluded that the support scheme of the quasi-mining roadway in the third mining area of No.2 coal seam in Zhaojiagou Mine is reasonable in design and remarkable in support effect, can realize the deation control of the roof and two sides of the roadway, and effectively meet the requirements of underground safety production. There are 63 papers, 18 tables and 83 references in this paper. Key words roadway support; bolt support in semi-coal rock roadway; optimization design; numerical simulation; rock pressure monitoring IV 目目录录 摘摘要要..........................................................................................................................ⅠⅠ 目目录录..........................................................................................................................ⅣⅣ 图清单图清单..........................................................................................................................ⅧⅧ 表清单表清单........................................................................................................................X XⅢⅢ 变量注释表变量注释表................................................................................................................X XⅣⅣ 1 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................1 1.1 选题背景与研究意义............................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状....................................................................................................2 1.3 存在问题................................................................................................................6 1.4 研究内容及技术路线............................................................................................6 2 工程背景与理论基础工程背景与理论基础................................................................................................8 2.1 矿井概况及煤层地质构造特征............................................................................8 2.2 赵家沟 2 号煤层工作面及相邻煤层工作面概述................................................9 2.3 工业性评价..........................................................................................................12 2.4 锚杆支护理论及支护构件..................................................................................21 2.5 2 号煤层三采区巷道支护参数设计...................................................................25 2.6 2 号煤层三采区巷道支护原有方案与设计优化方案对比分析.......................35 2.7 本章小结..............................................................................................................56 3 支护方案优化分析与数值模拟研究支护方案优化分析与数值模拟研究......................................................................58 3.1 模型建立与计算参数..........................................................................................58 3.2 支护模拟方案......................................................................................................58 3.3 支护方案模拟结果..............................................................................................59 3.4 支护方案模拟结果分析......................................................................................63 3.5 本章小结..............................................................................................................64 4 工业性试验工业性试验..............................................................................................................66 4.1 赵家沟 2 号煤层三采区掘进工作面巷道煤帮围岩松动圈测试......................66 4.2 运输顺槽及回风顺槽巷道帮部收敛监测...........................................................72 4.3 本章小结..............................................................................................................86 5 主要结论主要结论..................................................................................................................88 V 参考文献参考文献......................................................................................................................89 作者简历作者简历......................................................................................................................94 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明..................................................................................................94 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集..........................................................................................................94 VI Contents Abstract.......................................................................................................................ⅡⅡ Contents.......................................................................................................................ⅥⅥ List of graphs..............................................................................................................ⅧⅧ List of table...............................................................................................................XⅢⅢ Variable annotation table........................................................................................XⅣⅣ 1 Introduction...............................................................................................................1 1.1 Background and Significance of Topic Selection.................................................... 1 1.2 Research Status at Home and Abroad......................................................................2 1.3 Existing Problem......................................................................................................6 1.4 The Main Research Contents and s..............................................................6 2 Engineering Background and Theoretical Basis....................................................8 2.1 Mine Profiles and Geological Structure of Coal Seam............................................8 2.2 Summary of Zhaojiagou No.2 Coal Seam Working Face and Adjacent Coal Seam Working Face................................................................................................................. 9 2.3 Industrial uation..............................................................................................12 2.4 The Conventional Theory And Componentof Rock Bolting Technology..............21 2.5 Design of Roadway Support Parameters in No.2 Coal Seam No.3 MiningArea..25 2.6 Comparative Analysis of Original Scheme and Design Optimization Scheme of Roadway Support in No.2 Coal Seam No.3 MiningArea........................................... 35 2.7 Summary of this chapter........................................................................................ 56 3 Optimization analysis and numerical simulation of support scheme.................58 3.1 Model Establishment and Support Parameters.......................................................58 3.2 Support simulation scheme.................................................................................... 58 3.3 Simulation results of support scheme.....................................................................59 3.4Analysis of simulation results of support scheme..................................................63 3.5 Summary of this chapter........................................................................................ 64 4 Industrial test...........................................................................................................66 4.1 Loose zone test of surrounding rock in roadway of heading face in No.2 No.3 district of Zhaojiagou Coal Seam.................................................................................66 VII 4.2 Convergence Monitoring of Roadway Sides in Transportation Gateway and Return Gateway............................................................................................................72 4.3 Summary of this chapter........................................................................................ 86 5 The Main Conclusions.............................................................................................88 Reference.....................................................................................................................89 Author resume............................................................................................................94 Originality Statement of Dissertation.......................................................................94 Dissertation Data Collection......................................................................................94 VIII 图清单图清单 图 1-1赵家沟 2 号煤三采区巷道布置示意图 Fig 1-1Diagram of roadway layout in No.2 No.3 district of Zhaojiagou Coalliery 图 1-2技术路线图 Fig1-2Research route of the thesis 图 2-12 号煤层顶底板岩性特征图 Fig 2-1Lithological Characteristic Map of Roof and Floor of No.2 Coal Seam 图 2-2单元体所在位置及其应力赋存状况 Fig2-2The position of the unit body and its stress occurrence 图 2-3锚杆支护悬吊理论 Fig2-3Suspension theory of bolt supporting 图 2-4锚杆支护构件组成示意图 Fig2-4Bolt support component composition diagram 图 2-5锚杆杆体作用示意图（以树脂锚杆为例） Fig2-5Bolt rod action diagram with resin anchor as an example 图 2-6托板对锚杆受力分布影响分析 Fig2-6Analysis of influence of pallet on force distribution of bolt 图 2-7全长锚固锚杆与端部锚固锚杆作用力的分布情况 Fig2-7Distribution of force of full - length anchoring anchor and end anchoring anchor 图 2-8金属网在围岩压力下的作用示意图 Fig2-8The function of metal net under the pressure of surrounding rock 图 2-9赵家沟 2 号煤层三采区运输巷顶板支护主断面图 Fig 2-9 Main Section of Roof Support in No.2 Coal Seam No.3 district of Zhaojiagou Coalliery 图 2-10 赵家沟 2 号煤层三采区运输巷顶板支护仰视图 Fig 2-10 Upward View of Roof Support of Transportation Roadway in No.2 Coal Seam of Zhaojiagou 图 2-11 赵家沟 2 号煤层三采区运输巷帮部支护图 Fig 2-11 Supporting diagram of the upper part of the