液压支架提升机构及其液压系统的设计与分析.pdf

分类号 TH248学校代码 10129 U D C621学号 2013205044 液压支架提升机构及其液压系统的设计与分析 Design and Analysis of Hydraulic Support Hoisting Mechanism and Hydraulic System 申 请 人金鑫 学位类别工程硕士 领域机械工程 指导教师张云教授 周俊欢高级工程师 论文提交日期二〇一五年六月 摘要 液压支架搬运车已成为近些年来煤矿生产必备的设备之一， 煤矿的液压支架以及 重型设备都是用液压支架搬运车来运输的， 此种搬运车专门针对煤矿的井下运输而研 究和制作的。 它具有承受较大载荷的能力以及攀爬的能力。 参考国内外相同搬家工具 优点的基础上开发和研究质量好和价格低的支架搬运车， 是摆在煤矿开采技术人员面 前一项重要的任务。 本文对液压支架搬运车的提升机构以及提升机构的液压系统进行了设计计算。 用 优化设计的方法确定了主要部件的基本结构尺寸和提升液压缸的工作行程，利用 Pro/E 对提升机构进行了三维实体建模，同时利用 ANSYS 软件中的 workbench 功能 对主要的受力部件进行了强度校核，保证了提升机构结构的合理性和可靠性，确定了 液压缸的主要结构尺寸。 关键词提升机构；优化设计；液压系统；强度校核 DesignandAnalysisofHydraulicSupportHoistingMechanismandHydraulic System Abstract Hydraulic support carrier has become one of mine must face and solve the problems in recent years, coal mine of hydraulic support and carrier to transport heavy equipment is done with brackets, this carrier specializes in research and production of coal mine underground transportation. It can withstand a large load and the strong climbing ability. Reference at home and abroad based on the advantage of the same move the tools development and research of good quality and low price bracket carrier, such an important task before the mining technical personnel. In this paper, the fully mechanized hoisting mechanism and hydraulic supports truck hoisting mechanism hydraulic system design and calculation. Used optimization design to determine the main components of the basic structure of the size and the working stroke of the hydraulic cylinder; the hoisting mechanism to make use of Pro/E 3d entity modeling, at the same time by using ANSYS software to intensity, the main mechanical parts to ensure the rationality and reliability of hoisting mechanism structure; the hydraulic oil cylinder of the main structure size is determined. Key Word LiftingMechanism; OptimalDesign; HydraulicSystem; Strength check Directed by Prof. ZHANG Yun Applicant for Master degree JIN Xin （Mechanical Engineering College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering. Inner MongoliaAgricultural University. Hohhot 010018. China 目录 1.引言....................................................................................................................................1 1.1 课题的研究背景....................................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状.....................................................................................................2 1.3 国内外发展趋势.....................................................................................................4 1.4 课题研究的目的和意义........................................................................................7 1.4.1 研究的目的.........................................................................................................7 1.4.2 研究的意义.........................................................................................................8 1.5 研究的内容和技术路线.........................................................................................8 1.5.1 研究的内容.........................................................................................................8 1.5.2 采用的技术路线.................................................................................................8 2 液压支架搬运车提升机构的设计....................................................................................9 2.1 液压支架搬运车提升机构的设计思路................................................................9 2.2 液压提升机构的组成及工作原理........................................................................9 2.3 液压提升机构的工作过程...................................................................................10 2.4 液压缸行程的确定..............................................................................................12 2.5 液压缸工作压力的确定......................................................................................13 3. 提升机构主要零件尺寸的确定....................................................................................14 3.1 提升链条的选择..................................................................................................14 3.2 装载机的选取......................................................................................................16 3.3 主要零件的设计..................................................................................................16 3.3.1 Pro/E 软件介绍..............................................................................................16 3.3.2 液压缸的设计..................................................................................................17 3.3.3 链轮的设计......................................................................................................19 4.有限元分析......................................................................................................................20 4.1 有限元软件和 ANSYS 软件的简介......................................................................20 4.2ANSYS 分析过程.................................................................................................21 4.2.1 摇臂的有限元分析..........................................................................................22 4.2.2 摇臂轴的有限元分析.......................................................................................24 5.液压系统的设计..............................................................................................................27 5.1 液压支架搬运车提升机构的液压系统的设计..................................................27 5.1.1 液压系统设计的整体思路..............................................................................27 5.1.2 液压系统的基本组成......................................................................................28 5.2 装载机液压系统和支架搬运车液压系统匹配问题...........................................28 5.3 液压元件的选择..................................................................................................29 5.3.1 压力控制阀的选用..........................................................................................29 5.3.2方向控制阀的选用........................................................................................30 5.3.3辅助部分的选择............................................................................................30 6液压系统的计算............................................................................................................33 6.1判断液压油的流动状态....................................................................................33 6.2雷诺数的计算....................................................................................................33 6.3管道压力损失....................................................................................................34 6.3.1沿程压力损失的计算....................................................................................34 6.3.2局部压力损失的计算....................................................................................34 7结论与改进意见............................................................................................................34 7.1 结论.......................................................................................................................34 7.2 改进意见...............................................................................................................35 致谢..............................................................................................................................36 参考文献..................................................................................................................37 附录..............................................................................................................................39 附图..............................................................................................................................43 作者简介..................................................................................................................45 插图和附表清单 1.图 1综采工作面设备示意图..........................................................................................................1 2.图 2液压支架正面图......................................................................................................................2 3． 图 3铲板式支架搬运车..................................................................................................................3 4． 图 4拖车式支架搬运车..................................................................................................................3 5． 图 5拖车式支架搬运车工作原理图..............................................................................................4 6． 图 6U 型支架搬运车.......................................................................................................................4 7． 图 7澳大利亚进口的 U 型支架搬运车..........................................................................................6 8． 图 8WC80Y 支架搬运车...................................................................................................................6 9． 图 9WC40Y 框架式支架搬运车.......................................................................................................7 10．图 10技术路线流程图....................................................................................................................8 11．图 11支架搬运车三维实体模型..................................................................................................10 12．图 12液压支架提升机构简图......................................................................................................10 13．图 13液压提升机构的工作过程初始位置图............................................................................. 11 14．图 14液压提升机构的工作过程终止位置图............................................................................. 11 15．图 15工作完成时的状态..............................................................................................................11 16．图 16液压提升机构的运动轨迹图..............................................................................................12 17．图 17液压缸行程简图..................................................................................................................12 18．图 18液压提升机构初始平衡位置处受力分析图..................................................................... 13 19．图 19液压提升机构终止平衡位置处受力分析图..................................................................... 14 20．图 20圆环链结构图......................................................................................................................14 21．图 21链轮......................................................................................................................................15 22．图 22LW521F 装载机.....................................................................................................................16 23．图 23液压缸三维实体图..............................................................................................................18 24．图 24活塞杆三维实体图..............................................................................................................19 25．图 25链轮工程图..........................................................................................................................20 26．图 26链轮三维实体图..................................................................................................................20 27．图 27摇臂的网格划分..................................................................................................................22 28．图 28摇臂的固定约束..................................................................................................................23 29．图 29摇臂的受力分析图..............................................................................................................23 30．图 30摇臂应力分布云图..............................................................................................................23 31．图 31摇臂应变分布云图..............................................................................................................24 32．图 32摇臂总变形..........................................................................................................................24 33．图 33摇臂轴网格划分..................................................................................................................25 34．图 34摇臂轴的固定约束..............................................................................................................25 35．图 35花键轴的受力分析图..........................................................................................................26 36．图 36摇臂轴应力分布云图..........................................................................................................26 37．图 37摇臂轴应变分布云图..........................................................................................................26 38．图 38摇臂轴总变形......................................................................................................................27 39．图 39支架搬运车液压原理图......................................................................................................28 40．图 40装载机液压原理图..............................................................................................................29 41．图 41压力表..................................................................................................................................30 42．图 42三层钢丝编织软管..............................................................................................................32 43．图 43卡套式端直通管接头..........................................................................................................32 44．图 44卡套式端对接直角管接头..................................................................................................33 45．表 1支架搬运车的主要参数..........................................................................................................5 46．表 2支架搬运车汇总表..................................................................................................................7 47．表 3圆环链的型号和规格............................................................................................................15 48．表 4装载机参数............................................................................................................................16 49．表 545 号钢的材料属性...............................................................................................................22 50．表 6液压系统管路推荐流速........................................................................................................31 51．表 7油管的性能参数....................................................................................................................32 内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文 1 1.引言 1.1 课题的研究背景 目前中国是世界上煤炭开采和消费量最大的国家， 而煤炭生产在我国经济发展和 人民生活中占据重要地位。近年来，随着现代化综采机械的不断发展，井下工作面的 搬家时间成了制约煤炭的生产、 影响煤矿经济效益的一个因素， 为了快速完成工作面 的搬家和安装， 缩短搬家时间提高工作面的安装速度， 必须采用专门的运输工具来提 升工作效率 [1-2]。 我国已引进很多采煤大国生产的液压支架搬运车， 对井下煤矿的搬家工作发挥了 重要的作用。由于整机价格昂贵、备件供应时间又比较慢长、售后服务不及时等问题 也给煤矿企业带来诸多麻烦。 因此，在参考国内外相同搬家工具优点的基础上开发和 研究质量好以及价格低的支架搬运车就相当重要 [3]。 1 洗煤机、2、液压支架3、链式输送机 图 1综采工作面设备示意图 Fig.1Equipment sketch of fully mechanized working face 液压支架提升机构及其液压系统的设计与分析 2 图 2液压支架正面图 Fig.2Hydraulic support positive figure 1.2 国内外研究现状 煤矿井下辅助运输的机械化始于上个世纪 50、60 年代，当时的美国、英国、澳 大利亚和德国等，开始着手解决煤矿井下辅助运输的机械化问题。到上世纪 80 年代 末， 这些国家都己建立起先进的煤矿辅助运输体系。而我国的煤矿井下辅助运输机械 化研究起步较晚，直到上世纪 70 年代末，才开始轨道辅助运输系统的研制工作。 随着煤矿井下开采现代化的不断发展，传统的搬家设备由于效率低、安全性差， 满足不了现代矿井采煤的需要， 用液压支架搬运车搬运液压支架很大程度上缩短了非 生产时间、降低生产成本、提高生产效益。 煤矿用的支架搬运车能够承受较大载荷，并且具有很好的攀爬能力。用它来运输 煤矿井下