松软顶板条件下砂柱式留巷关键技术及应用研究.pdf

分类号分类号 TD322 密密 级级 公公 开开 U D C 单位代码单位代码10424 学学 位位 论论 文文 松软顶板条件下砂柱式留巷松软顶板条件下砂柱式留巷 关键技术及应用研究关键技术及应用研究 蒋耀东蒋耀东 申请学位级别申请学位级别硕士学位硕士学位 专业专业名名称称采矿工程采矿工程 指导教师姓名指导教师姓名文文 志志 杰杰 职职 称称副副 教教 授授 山山 东东 科科 技技 大大 学学 二零一六年五月二零一六年五月 万方数据 论文题目论文题目 松软顶板条件下砂柱式留巷松软顶板条件下砂柱式留巷 关键技术及应用研究关键技术及应用研究 作者姓名作者姓名蒋耀东蒋耀东 入学时间入学时间 2013 年年 9 月月 领域名称领域名称采矿工程采矿工程 研究方向研究方向矿山压力及岩层控制矿山压力及岩层控制 指导教师指导教师文文 志志 杰杰 职职 称称 副副 教教 授授 论文提交日期论文提交日期2016 年年 4 月月 论文答辩日期论文答辩日期2016 年年 6 月月 授予学位日期授予学位日期 年年 月月 万方数据 RESEARCH ON KEY TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATION WITH SOFT ROADWAY ROOF CONDITION OF SAND COLUMN A Dissertation ted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY from Shandong University of Science and Technology by Jiang Yao Dong Supervisor Professor Wen Zhi Jie College of Mining and Safety Engineering May 2016 万方数据 声声 明明 本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文， 除了所列参考文献和世所公本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文， 除了所列参考文献和世所公 认的文献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交于认的文献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交于 其它任何学术机关作鉴定。其它任何学术机关作鉴定。 硕士生签名硕士生签名 日日 期期 AFFIRMATION I declare that this dissertation，，ted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master of Philosophy in Shandong University of Science and Technology，，is wholly my own work unless referenced of acknowledge. The document has not been ted for qualification at any other academic institute. Signature Date 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 摘摘 要要 沿空留巷作为实现煤炭安全、高效开采的关键技术之一，不但可以减少巷道掘进费 用，降低工人劳动强度，实现矿井 Y 型通风，有效降低巷道内瓦斯浓度，还可以大幅度 提高煤炭资源回收率，增加矿井经济收入。沿空留巷技术是由巷内支护和巷旁支护两者 共同作用而组成的，但沿空留巷的关键在于巷旁支护。本文以东大煤矿 12306 工作面运 输巷为工程背景，通过理论分析、数值模拟和工程实践的方式，对砂柱式沿空留巷技 术进行研究。主要研究内容 （1） 从沿空留巷顶板破坏特征和围岩结构特征入手， 分析在留巷期间采场空间结构 围岩特征，并对以往的沿空留巷支护理论进行总结，在此基础上，通过数值计算来确定 巷道的最优支护参数。 （2）根据沿空留巷巷旁支护的受力特点，设计出新型砂柱式巷旁支护结构。通过对 不同实验条件、不同砂石材料配比情况下充填材料物理性能进行实验研究，确定砂柱充 填材料的合理配比。通过加载试验，确定砂柱支护体的实际承载性能。 （3）以东大煤矿 12306 工作面运输巷为工程背景，运用 FLAC3D 模拟手段对沿空 留巷掘进期间、留巷期间以及二次采动时巷道的围岩应力、位移以及塑性区分布特征的 演化特征进行分析。 （4） 通过对东大煤矿 12306 工作面具体工程地质特征分析， 提出具体的巷道支护方 式和详细的沿空留巷施工流程，并对砂柱式留巷技术的效果进行分析。 关键词关键词砂柱式沿空留巷；巷旁支护；围岩特征；数值模拟 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 Abstract Abstract As one of key technologies for pering safety and efficiency mining of coal, gob-side entry retaining can not only reduce the cost of roadway excavation, reduces the worker labor intensity, realize Y type ventilation in mines, effectively reduce the gas concentration in the roadway, but also greatly improve the recovery rate of coal resources, increase the income of mine. Gob-side entry retaining technology include entry support and roadway-side support , but gob-side entry retaining technology is key to roadway-side support . Based on engineering background of transport roadway of 12306 working face in the Dong da mine, through the theoretical analysis , numerical simulation and engineering practice, make a scrutiny into the technology of gob-side entry retaining under sand column support. The main research contents as follows 1 From the roof failure characteristics and structure characteristics of gob-side entry retaining, analyze stope space structure characteristics of surrounding rock during the gob-side entry retaining, summarize the supporting theory of gob-side entry retaining, on this basis, by numerical calculus determine the optimal roadway supporting parameters. 2 According to the stress characteristics of roadway-side support, design a new type of sand column roadway-side support structure. Through the different experimental conditions and the ratio of sand and gravel, study on the physical properties of filling materials, determine the reasonable ratio of sand column filling materials. Through loading experiment , determine the bearing capacity of sand column. 3 Based on engineering background of transport roadway of 12306 working face in the Dong da mine, the evolution laws of roadway surrounding rock stress, displacement and plastic zone during roadway excavation, gob-side entry, and secondary mining were analyzed by FLAC3D numeirical simulation software 4 By analyzing the specific engineering geological characteristics of the 12306 working face in the Dong da mine, design the specific support program and the construction process of gob-side entry retaining under sand column support, the effect of entry retaining under sand column support was analyzed Keywords gob-side entry retaining under sand column support ; roadway-side support; characteristic of surrounding rock; numerical simulation 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 目目 录录 1 绪绪 论论 ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 课题的提出及意义 ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ............................................................................................................ 2 1.3 本文研究内容及技术路线 ............................................................................................ 5 2 沿空留巷围岩活动规律及控制沿空留巷围岩活动规律及控制研究研究 ............................................................. 6 2.1 沿空留巷顶板破坏特征分析 ........................................................................................ 6 2.2 沿空留巷采场空间结构特征分析 ................................................................................ 8 2.3 沿空留巷巷内支护理论研究 ........................................................................................ 9 2.4 锚杆支护方案优化 ...................................................................................................... 10 2.5 本章小结 ...................................................................................................................... 17 3 砂柱式砂柱式巷旁巷旁支护体结构设计及力学性能实验研究支护体结构设计及力学性能实验研究 ................................... 19 3.1 砂柱相关试验 .............................................................................................................. 19 3.2 砂柱结构设计 .............................................................................................................. 21 3.3 充填材料配比选择 ...................................................................................................... 23 3.4 砂柱承载性能力学实验 .............................................................................................. 26 3.5 本章小结 ...................................................................................................................... 26 4 沿空留巷围岩沿空留巷围岩稳定性稳定性数值模拟研究数值模拟研究 ........................................................... 28 4.1 模型的建立与计算 ...................................................................................................... 28 4.2 巷道掘进期间围岩应力、位移及塑性区分布特征 .................................................. 29 4.3 沿空留巷期间围岩应力、位移及塑性区分布特征 .................................................. 31 4.4 二次采动期间巷道围岩应力、位移及塑性区分布特征 .......................................... 34 4.5 本章小结 ...................................................................................................................... 36 5 工程实践工程实践 ....................................................................................................... 38 5.1 工作面条件 .................................................................................................................. 38 5.2 沿空留巷巷道支护设计 .............................................................................................. 40 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 5.3 沿空留巷施工过程 ...................................................................................................... 43 5.4 顶板来压步距分析 ...................................................................................................... 45 5.5 沿空留巷效果分析 ...................................................................................................... 50 5.6 本章小结 ...................................................................................................................... 53 6 主要结论与展望主要结论与展望 ........................................................................................... 54 6.1 主要研究结论 .............................................................................................................. 54 6.2 创新点 .......................................................................................................................... 54 6.3 展望 .............................................................................................................................. 54 参考文献参考文献 ............................................................................................................. 56 攻读硕士学位期间主要成果攻读硕士学位期间主要成果 ............................................................................. 59 致谢致谢 ..................................................................................................................... 60 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Proposing of the Project .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Domestic and Foreign Rearch Present ............................................................................ 2 1.3 Research Content and Technique Route .......................................................................... 5 2 Analysis on Surrounding Rock Activity Law and Control Research of Gob-side Entry Retaining ................................................................................................................................ 6 2.1 Analysis on Failure Characteristic of Gob-Side Entry Retaining Roof .......................... 6 2.2 Analysis on the stopes structure characteristic of gob-side entry retaining .................... 8 2.3 Gob-Side Entry Retaining Roadway Spport ..................................................... 9 2.4 Anchor Rod Supporting Parameters Optimization ........................................................ 10 2.5 The Summary of this Chapter ....................................................................................... 17 3 Sand Column Supporting Body Structure Design and Mechanical Properties Research19 3.1 The relative experimental of Sand Column Supporting Body ...................................... 19 3.2 The Structure Design of Sand Column Supporting Body ............................................. 21 3.3 Mataching Selection of the Sand and Gravel ................................................................ 23 3.4 Mechanical Experiment of Sand column Bearing Properies ........................................ 26 3.5 The Summary of this Chaper ........................................................................................ 26 4 Numerical Simulation of the Gob-Side Entry Retaining Surrounding Rock stability .. 28 4.1 Establishment of the Numerical Model and Calculation Process ................................. 28 4.2 Stress Displacement and Plastic Zone Distribution Characteristic of Surrounding Rock During Drifting .............................................................................................................. 29 4.3 Stree Displacement and Plactic Zone Distribution Characteristic of Surrounding Rock During Gob-Side Entry Retaining ................................................................................. 31 4.4 Stress Displacement and Plactic Zone Distribution Charateristic of Surrounding Rock During Secondary Mining .............................................................................................. 34 4.5 The Summary of this Chapter ....................................................................................... 36 5 Industrial Experiment ....................................................................................................... 38 5.1 The Working face Condition ......................................................................................... 38 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 5.2 Gob-Side Entry Retaining Roadway Support Design ................................................... 40 5.3 Gob-Side Entry Retaining Construction Process .......................................................... 43 5.4 The Roof Weighting Step Analysis ............................................................................... 45 5.5 Gob-Side Entry Retaining Effect Analysis ................................................................... 50 5.6 The Summary of this Chapter ....................................................................................... 53 6 Main Conclusions and Expectation .................................................................................... 54 6.1 Main Conclusions ......................................................................................................... 54 6.2 The Main Innovation Points ......................................................................................... 54 6.3 Expectation ................................................................................................................... 54 References .............................................................................................................................. 56 Main Work Achievement of the Author During Working on Master Paper...................... 59 Acknowledge ............................................................................................................................ 60 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 绪论 1 1 绪绪 论论 1.1 课题的提出及意义课题的提出及意义 进入 21 世纪，社会的发展越来越快，人类的生存方式的转变、生活质量的提高与能 源有着密不可分的联系。能源又是维系着国家安全的新型战略资源，二战之后，世界上 各国对能源的掠夺也越来越疯狂。 煤炭能源在我国的能源储量中占有半壁江山， 随着我国的改革开放， 经济迅速发展， 煤炭工业的发展在我国得到了质的飞跃，成为支撑中国经济发展强大的后备保障[1-3]。 随着我国改革开放进入深水区，习主席提出全面建设小康社会，经济增长的速度将 进一步加快， 预计到 21 世纪中叶， 我国煤炭资源的消费量在能源总消费中仍能占到过半 数[4-6]。 我国传统的煤炭开采通常都采用沿空掘巷开采，需要留设一部分区段煤柱来降低上 工作面采动对下工作面回采的影响， 但是这样会造成煤炭的大量损失， 减少矿井的寿命， 降低煤炭回采率[7]。所以，如何能够不留设区段煤柱就能安全的将下工作面的煤炭采出， 是当前许多矿井面临的问题。沿空留巷就是利用巷旁支护和巷内支护将已经采过的巷道 维护至下工作回采，使之继续为下工作面服务。沿空留巷技术能够降低巷道掘进量，改 善工人的作业环境；实现工作面 Y 型通风方式，有效降低巷道内瓦斯含量；提升煤炭资 源的采出率，提高矿井的经济收入；解决工作面搬家困难，缓解了采掘接替紧张等优点 [8]。 辰龙能源集团东大煤矿一直面临着采掘接替紧张、工作面搬家困难等问题，为了 缓解这些矛盾，进一步扩大矿井开采规模，决定在 12036 工作面进行沿空留巷试验。 东大煤矿 12036 工作面沿空留巷采用新型砂柱充填。 与传统木垛支护、 矸石带支护 相比，砂柱支护具有施工工艺简单易操作；留巷速度快，跟得上采煤速度；并且砂柱支 护可以回收，大大降低了矿井的成本。 砂柱式巷旁支护体外壳使用钢管制作，砂柱分为上下两节，下节钢管直径较小，二 者嵌套使用，注砂后形成砂柱。新型砂柱支护沿空留巷的成功有利于完善我国沿空留巷 理论，促进沿空留巷技术的发展。为其他矿井提供较好的借鉴，对煤矿实现安全、高效 开采具有重要的实践意义。 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 绪论 2 1.2 国内外研究现状国内外研究现状 1.2.1 国内研究现状国内研究现状 我国在沿空留巷方面研究已