深井冲击倾向性煤巷锚杆支护优化研究.pdf
分类号分类号TD32 密密 级级公公 开开 U D C 单位代码单位代码10424 学学 位位 论论 文文 深井深井冲击倾向性煤巷锚杆支护冲击倾向性煤巷锚杆支护 优化研究优化研究 胡胡 永永 灿灿 申请学位级别申请学位级别硕士学位硕士学位 专业专业名名称称采矿工程采矿工程 指导教师姓名指导教师姓名杨杨 永永 杰杰 职职 称称教教 授授 山山 东东 科科 技技 大大 学学 二零二零一六一六年六月年六月 万方数据 论文题目论文题目 深井深井冲击倾向性煤巷锚杆支护优化研究冲击倾向性煤巷锚杆支护优化研究 作者姓名作者姓名 胡胡 永永 灿灿 入学时间入学时间 2013 年年 9 月月 专业名称专业名称 采矿工程采矿工程 研究方向研究方向 矿山压力与岩层控制矿山压力与岩层控制 指导教师指导教师 杨杨 永永 杰杰 职职 称称 教教 授授 论文提交日期论文提交日期 2016年年4月月 论文答辩日期论文答辩日期 2016年年6月月 授予学位日期授予学位日期 万方数据 THE OPTIMIZATION STUDY OF BOLT SUPPORTING OF ROCK BURST TENDENCY OF DEEP WELL COAL ROADWAY A Dissertation ted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY from Shandong University of Science and Technology by Hu Yongcan Supervisor Professor Yang Yongjie College of Ming and Safety Engineering June 2016 万方数据 声声 明明 本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文,,除了所列参考文献和世所除了所列参考文献和世所 公认的文献外公认的文献外,,全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。。该论文资料尚没有呈交该论文资料尚没有呈交 于其它任何学术机关作鉴定于其它任何学术机关作鉴定。。 硕士生签名硕士生签名 日日 期期 AFFIRMATION I declare that this dissertation, ted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master of Philosophy in Shandong University of Science and Technology, is wholly my own work unless referenced of acknowledge. The document has not been ted for qualification at any other academic institute. Signature Date 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 摘摘 要要 随着开采强度的不断加大,我国煤矿开采相继进入深井状态。深井开采中,冲击地 压是典型的动力灾害,由动静载荷叠加共同作用引起。深井冲击强动载对围岩性质造成 了劣化,降低了煤岩体的锚固性能,冲击失稳巷道的支护问题还有待于深入研究。 本文以陕西高家堡冲击倾向性煤巷锚杆支护为研究背景,采用理论分析、现场调研 和数值模拟的研究方法,对冲击倾向性煤巷围岩破坏及支护原理、现有支护方案效果、 支护参数设计优化进行系了统研究,并通过数值模拟对比分析动载作用下现有支护方案 和优化支护方案围岩动力响应。 对动载作用下围岩支护结构破坏过程进行力学分析,表明锚杆支护力的大小对冲击 地压的产生有重要影响锚杆支护力越大,巷道发生冲击破坏需要的能量越大;锚杆支 护力越小,巷道发生冲击破坏需要的能量越小,在强动载作用下,巷道容易发生冲击破 坏。从能量角度分析,对于冲击巷道来说,锚杆支护还要允许围岩有一定的变形,使围 岩缓慢释放能量,降低冲击地压发生的可能性。对高家堡煤矿现有支护方案效果进行评 价及分析,发现存在锚杆支护长度偏短,锚杆预紧力和工作阻力偏低,部分锚杆(索) 拉断及锚杆支护参数设计不匹配等问题。根据匹配原则,对现有支护方案参数进行设计 优化,并通过数值模拟对比分析两种方案在动载作用下的巷道围岩动力响应,数值模拟 分析表明采用优化方案后,巷道围岩塑性区、位移和变形速度减小,围岩控制效果较 好。在 42102 运输顺槽进行现场试验,结果表明基于动载作用的煤巷锚杆支护优化效果 明显,达到预期目的。本文研究成果对深井冲击倾向性煤巷锚杆支护有较好的参考和推 广价值。 关键字关键字冲击地压;动静载;锚杆;支护优化 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 ABSTRACT As the mining intensity increasing, coal mining in our country has entered into a state of deep well. Rock burst is a typical dynamic disaster of deep coal mining, caused by static and dynamic load. Currently, the roadway support problem under static load in coal seam without dynamic pressure appearance has basically been solved. The strong dynamic load of deep well has caused the deterioration of surrounding rock properties and reduced the anchoring perance of coal and rock mass. The supporting problem of the burst tendency roadway remains to be further studied. This paper takes the problem of bolt supporting in Shanxi Gaojiabao burst tendency of coal roadway as the research background. By theoretical analysis, field test and numerical simulation, surrounding rock failure and supporting principle of the burst tendency of coal roadway, the effect of Gaojiabao existing in coal mine support scheme and support parameter design optimization are studied systematically. And through the numerical simulation, the dynamic response of surrounding rock is analyzed and compared with the existing supporting scheme and the optimization scheme. Finally, the empirical research is carried on in engineering practice. By establishing the mechanical model, the failure process of surrounding rock support structure under dynamic loading is analysed. The analysis shows the size of bolt supporting has important influence on the generation of rock burst. The greater the bolt supporting force is, the greater the energy is needed in the roadway. The smaller the bolt supporting force is, the less energy is required for the roadway to be damaged. Under the strong dynamic load, the coal roadway is prone to impact and damage. To uate the effect of Gaojiabao existing coal mine supporting scheme, the analysis shows the existing supporting solution problems as follows. The length of anchor support is short. Pre-tightening force is low. Some bolt is damaged. Parameters of bolt support are not matched. According to the matching principle, the parameter of the existing support scheme is designed and optimized. Through numerical simulation, the dynamic response of the tunnel under dynamic load of the original supporting scheme and the optimized support scheme is analysed and compared. Numerical simulation 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 results show that after the optimization scheme is adopted,the deation, plastic region and displacement of surrounding rock are decreased rapidly. And the control effect of surrounding rock is better. Site engineering is carried out at 42102 working face in Gaojiabao coal mine. The results show that the effect of optimized support scheme in coal roadway based on dynamic load is obvious, which can achieve the expected goal. The research results of this paper have a good reference and popularization value for the bolt supporting in burst tendency of coal roadway of deep coal mine. Key words rock burst; static and dynamic load; bolt; optimized supporting 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 目目 录录 1 绪论绪论 ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究意义..........................................................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状..............................................................................................................2 1.3 研究内容及方法..............................................................................................................4 2 工程地质概况及地应力分布规律工程地质概况及地应力分布规律................................................................... 7 2.1 矿区概况...........................................................................................................................7 2.2 地应力分布规律...............................................................................................................8 2.3 本章小结.........................................................................................................................10 3 冲击冲击倾向性煤巷围岩破坏及支护原理倾向性煤巷围岩破坏及支护原理...........................................................11 3.1 动载作用下围岩支护结构破坏研究.............................................................................11 3.2 冲击倾向性煤巷锚杆支护作用原理.............................................................................15 3.3 本章小结.........................................................................................................................16 4 高家堡煤巷现有支护方案效果评价及分析高家堡煤巷现有支护方案效果评价及分析................................................. 18 4.1 现有支护方案设计.........................................................................................................18 4.2 锚杆(索)工作阻力监测结果及分析.........................................................................18 4.3 煤巷围岩变形监测结果及分析.....................................................................................25 4.4 煤巷围岩松动圈测试结果及分析.................................................................................27 4.5 本章小结........................................................................................................................30 5 冲击倾向性煤巷锚杆支护设计优化及现场试验冲击倾向性煤巷锚杆支护设计优化及现场试验.......................................... 32 5.1 巷道锚杆支护设计内容.................................................................................................32 5.2 高家堡煤巷锚杆支护参数设计优化.............................................................................33 5.3 动载作用下数值模拟分析.............................................................................................40 5.4 现场试验.........................................................................................................................53 5.5 本章小结.........................................................................................................................56 6 结论与展望结论与展望...................................................................................................... 58 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 6.1 主要结论.........................................................................................................................58 6.2 展望.................................................................................................................................59 参考文献参考文献 ............................................................................................................. 60 致致 谢谢 ................................................................................................................... 64 攻读硕士期间的主要成果攻读硕士期间的主要成果................................................................................. 65 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 Contents 1 Introduction............................................................................................................................1 1.1 Significance of study..........................................................................................................................1 1.2 Current study at home and abroad......................................................................................................2 1.3 Content and of study .............................................................................................................4 2 General situation of engineering geology and stree test......................................................7 2.1 General situation of mine area ...........................................................................................................7 2.2 Stress test............................................................................................................................................8 2.3 Chapter summary.............................................................................................................................10 3 Surrounding rock damage and suppprt principle of impact coal roadway....................11 3.1 Surrounding rock support structure damage mechanism under dynamic load................................. 11 3.2 The principle of bolt supporting in impact coal roadway.................................................................15 3.3 Chapter summary.............................................................................................................................16 4 Effect uation and analysis of existing supporting scheme in coal roadway of Gaojiabao.................................................................................................................................18 4.1 The existing supporting scheme of coal roadway............................................................................18 4.2 Monitoring results and analysis of working resistance of bolt cable.............................................18 4.3 Monitoring results and analysis of deation of coal roadway surrounding rock........................25 4.4 Monitoring results and analysis of surrounding rock loose circle of coal roadway.........................27 4.5 Chapter summary.............................................................................................................................30 5 The optimized design of bolt supporting in impact roadway and field test....................32 5.1 The contents of bolt supporting in roadway.....................................................................................32 5.2 Parameter design optimization of bolt supporting of coal roadway in Gaojiabao ...........................33 5.3 Numerical simulation and analysis under dynamic load..................................................................40 5.4 Field test...........................................................................................................................................53 5.5 Chapter summary.............................................................................................................................56 6 Conclusion and prospects ....................................................................................................58 6.1 Main conclusion...............................................................................................................................58 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 6.2 Prospects ..........................................................................................................................................59 References ................................................................................................................................60 Thanks......................................................................................................................................64 Major achievements in the study of masters degree...........................................................65 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 绪论 1 1 绪论绪论 1.1 研究意义研究意义 随着我国国民经济的不断发展,对能源需求量不断增加,导致煤矿开采强度不断加 大,矿山开采相继进入深井状态。根据研究,目前我国煤矿采深正以 8-12m/a 的速度递 增,预计在 20 年内,我国大部分煤矿都将进入 1000-1500m 的深井开采深度[1]。 冲击地压[2-4]是深井开采中面临的典型动力灾害, 表现为煤岩体力学系统达到极限强 度时,聚集在煤岩体中的弹性能瞬时猛烈释放,动力将煤岩抛向巷道和采场,同时发出 剧烈声响,造成煤岩体强烈震动和破坏、设备损坏和人员伤亡,给矿井安全生产带来极 大威胁[5]。冲击地压的产生是由静载和动载共同作用引起的。目前无冲击显现的煤巷, 即在静载作用下的围岩稳定性控制问题已基本得到较好的解决[6]。随着采深的加大,深 井冲击地压矿井的高应力及强动载荷特征,造成了围岩性质劣化和锚固性能失效[7],现 有的锚杆支护理论已经不能解决冲击倾向性巷道围岩的稳定性控制问题,冲击失稳巷道 的支护问题还有待于深入研究。 课题以陕西高家堡煤矿的煤巷锚杆支护为研究背景。 陕西高家堡煤矿属于基建矿井, 设计生产能力 5Mt/a,埋深超过 800mm。一盘区是该矿井首个开采盘区,盘区开拓巷道 及 41101 工作面(首采面)回采巷道都在煤层中(全煤巷道)掘进,煤体及顶底板具有 冲击倾向性。煤巷现有的支护方案基本上是根据矿井初步设计和借鉴临近矿井实践经验 上进行设计和实施,并未针对本矿井具体地质及冲击倾向性特点进行研究。目前,煤巷 在掘进期间出现了明显的破坏特征煤岩体大范围掉落,顶底板变形量明显增加,并伴 有煤泡、矿震等动力现象。若考虑巷道较长的服务期限和后期采动的影响,围岩变形破 坏将更加严重。基于此,为提高煤巷锚杆支护效果,加强围岩稳定性控制,本文在研究 深井冲击倾向性煤巷围岩破坏和锚杆支护作用原理的基础上,对高家堡煤矿煤巷锚杆支 护进行设计优化。 本课题的研究及成果,不仅对高家堡煤矿维护巷道稳定、确保矿井安全生产具有重 要的指导意义,而且为冲击倾向性煤巷锚杆支护积累一定的实践经验,对相似条件下的 巷道支护具有很好的实际应用推广价值。 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 绪论 2 1.2 国内外研究现状国内外研究现状 1.2.1 冲击地压机理研究现状冲击地压机理研究现状 目前,国内外学者对于冲击矿压发生机理方面的研究有很多,但由于冲击矿压机理 的复杂性、多变性及突发性,目前还没有一个很统一的认识。其中最具代表性的理论有 刚度理论、强度理论、能量理论、冲击倾向性理论及三准则理论[2-3,8-17]等。 (1)刚度理论。该理论是 COOK 根据刚性压力试验得到的。理论认为,当试验机 构的刚度小于试件的刚度时,试件发生不稳定的破坏,且破坏呈现出脆裂破坏特征。此 外,Blake 于 70 年代1972将其普遍化,认为矿山结构的刚度大于矿山负荷系统的刚度 是产生冲击地压的必要条件。 (2)强度理论。该理论把矿体和围岩作为一个整体系统,对系统发生冲击地压的极 限力学平衡条件进行了研究,认为受掘进和采动的影响,巷道围岩会产生应力集中, 如果应力极限值超过煤岩体强度极限值时,煤岩体发生塑性破坏,释放出能量引发冲击 地压。 (3)能量理论。该理论为认为矿井开采对煤岩体力学系统造成了破坏,此过程会 释放出一定的能量,当释放的能量大于达到新的应力平衡状态所消