条带充填采充顺序对地表沉陷影响规律研究.pdf

分类号分类号 T TD823D823 密密 级级 公公 开开 U D CU D C 单位代码单位代码10424 学学 位位 论论 文文 条带充填采充顺序对地表沉陷条带充填采充顺序对地表沉陷 影响规律影响规律研究研究 王荣发王荣发 申请学位级别申请学位级别 硕硕士学位士学位 专业专业名名称称采矿工程采矿工程 指导教师姓名指导教师姓名 郭郭 惟惟 嘉嘉 职职 称称教教 授授 山山 东东 科科 技技 大大 学学 二零一二零一六六年年六六月月 万方数据 论文题目论文题目 条带充填采充顺序对地表沉陷条带充填采充顺序对地表沉陷 影响规律研究影响规律研究 作者姓名作者姓名 王荣发王荣发 入学时间入学时间 2012013 3 年年 9 9 月月 专业名称专业名称 采矿工程采矿工程 研究方向研究方向 开开采沉陷控采沉陷控制制 与与环境保护环境保护 指导教师指导教师 郭惟嘉郭惟嘉 职职 称称 教教 授授 论文提交日期论文提交日期 2016 年年 4 月月 论文答辩日期论文答辩日期 2016 年年 6 月月 授予学位日期授予学位日期 万方数据 STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE LAW OF SURFACE SUBSIDENCE BY MINING AND FILLING SEQUENCE OF STRIP FILLING A Dissertation ted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY from Shandong University of Science and Technology by Wang Rongfa Supervisor Professor Guo Weijia College of Mining and Safety Engineering June 2016 万方数据 声声 明明 本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕硕士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所 公认的文献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交公认的文献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交 于其它任何学术机关作鉴定。于其它任何学术机关作鉴定。 硕硕士生签名士生签名 日日 期期 AFFIRMATION I declare that this dissertation, ted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master of Engineering in Shandong University of Science and Technology, is wholly my own work unless referenced of acknowledge. The document has not been ted for qualification at any other academic institute. Signature Date 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 摘摘 要要 新光集团淮北刘东煤矿西 510 采区存在着严重的“三下”压煤问题，为解决矿井生 产持续紧张的局面，实现资源的最大化利用，在安全、经济地开采煤炭资源的同时，减 少地表沉陷，保护地面村庄等建筑物安全使用，对于矿井来说是势在必行。条带充填开 采法能较好地解决以上问题，但条带充填面临采充顺序对地表沉陷影响问题。本文以新 光集团淮北刘东煤矿西 510 采区为工程背景，针对条带充填采充顺序对地表沉陷影响问 题，通过理论分析、相似模拟试验研究和 FLAC3D 数值模拟等方法对两种充填顺序下充 填体（或煤柱）的受力和地表沉降情况进行了试验研究，获得条带充填采充顺序对地表 沉陷的影响规律，得到最终的条带充填开采方案。 根据关键层理论和条带充填的开采技术原理，确定刘东煤矿西 510 采区条带充填开 采方案为短壁开采，短壁工作面宽 55m，间隔充填。应用 FLAC3D 软件对刘东煤矿西 510 采区采充顺序进行了模拟，通过分析塑性区的分布范围、垂直应力分布和顶板位移 变化，结果表明充填体没有失稳破坏，得到先充后采 51003 工作面上的总体垂直位移较 先采后充小，先充后采控制地表沉陷的效果好。通过相似材料模拟发现，刘东煤矿采用 先充后采的开采方式进行开采，充填体内部的稳定应力和位移下沉量相对较小，对地表 沉陷影响小。综合 FLAC3D 数值模拟和相似材料模拟，得到条带充填采充顺序对地表沉 陷影响规律为开采方案Ⅱ（先充后采）对地表沉陷影响小，有利于控制地表沉陷，保护 地面建筑物。因此条带充填开采最终选择方案为先充后采。采用先充后采方案充填开采 刘东煤矿西 510 采区，通过对条带充填开采地表沉降观测和分析，结果表明采用条带充 填先充后采的方式可以有效地控制地表沉陷，解决了“三下”压煤开采的难题，实现了 矿井的可持续发展。 关键词关键词条带充填开采；采充顺序；稳定应力；地表沉陷 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 Abstract There are serious problems with coals which are under buildings, railways and water-bodies in West 510 mining area in Huaibei Liudong coal mine of Xinguang Group. In order to solve the remained tense situation of mine production and realize that resources are utilized in maximization, it is imperative for mine to exploit coal resources in safe and economical way and at the same time protect buildings of ground villages and others from using unsafely. Strip filling mining can solve the above problems well, but the influence of the filling sequence on the surface subsidence is a problem. This article takes West 510 mining area in Huaibei Liudong coal mine of Xinguang Group as the engineering background. Effect of mining and filling sequence on surface subsidence in strip filling, through theoretical analysis, indoor experiment and FLAC3D numerical simulation , the filling body stress and surface subsidence of two kinds of filling sequence were carried out to experimental research. The influence law of the sequence of the strip filling on the surface subsidence was obtained, and the sequence of the strip filling was acqured. According to the key layer theory and band filling mining technology and principle, the strip filling mining scheme of Liu Dong coal mine West 510 mining area was confirmed as short wall mining with working width 55m and interval filling. Mining and filling sequence in 510 mining area were carried out to simulate by FLAC3D. The distribution range of the plastic zone, the vertical stress distribution and roof displacement changes were analyzed, which showed that the filling body was not damaged and compared with filling after mining, the displacement of the 51003 working face in the process of mining after filling was smaller and which effect of controlling surface subsidence was better. Through the similar material simulation found that the stable stress of internal filling body displacement sinking amount were relatively small and the influence on the surface subsidence was small. That the influence law of strip filling sequence on surface subsidence was that scheme II had a small effect on surface subsidence, it was conducive to the control of surface subsidence and protect the buildings on the ground was obtained through FLAC3D numerical simulation and the similar material simulation. Therefore, the final selection of the strip filling mining was scheme II. Adopting mining after filling filled and mined West 510 mining area in Liu Dong coal mine. 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 By the band filling mining surface subsidence observation and analysis, the results showed that the short wall working face interval filling could effectively control surface subsidence, which solved the problem of three under the pressure of coal mining and achieved the sustainable development of mine. Keywords strip filling mining; mining and filling sequence; stable stress; surface subsidence 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 目目 录录 1 绪绪 论论 ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景和意义 ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2 国内外研究现状与趋势 ............................................................................................ 2 1.3 主要研究内容与方法 ................................................................................................ 7 2 条带充填地表沉陷控制机理及开采设计条带充填地表沉陷控制机理及开采设计 ........................................................................... 9 2.1 条带充填地表沉陷控制机理 .................................................................................... 9 2.2 刘东煤矿采区地质概况 .......................................................................................... 16 2.3 条带充填开采设计 .................................................................................................. 18 2.4 本章小结 .................................................................................................................. 21 3 条带充填采充顺序对地表沉陷影响三维数值模拟研究条带充填采充顺序对地表沉陷影响三维数值模拟研究 ................................................. 22 3.1 有限差分方法与 FLAC3D 程序简介 ..................................................................... 22 3.2 三维数值计算模型 .................................................................................................. 23 3.3 开采模拟及结果分析 .............................................................................................. 24 3.4 本章小结 .................................................................................................................. 29 4 条带充填采充顺序对地表沉陷影响物理相似模拟试验条带充填采充顺序对地表沉陷影响物理相似模拟试验 ................................................. 30 4.1 相似材料模型试验方案 .......................................................................................... 30 4.2 监测结果及分析 ...................................................................................................... 37 4.3 条带充填采充顺序对地表沉陷影响规律 .............................................................. 42 4.4 本章小结 .................................................................................................................. 42 5 条带充填开采工艺及地表沉降观测与分析条带充填开采工艺及地表沉降观测与分析 ..................................................................... 44 5.1 条带充填开采工艺 .................................................................................................. 44 5.2 条带充填开采设备 .................................................................................................. 47 5.3 地表沉陷观测分析 ..................................................................................................... 50 5.4 本章小结 .................................................................................................................. 52 6 结论与展望结论与展望 ......................................................................................................................... 53 6.1 主要结论 .................................................................................................................. 53 6.2 创新点 ...................................................................................................................... 53 6.3 研究展望 .................................................................................................................. 54 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 参考文献参考文献 ................................................................................................................................... 55 攻读硕士期间主要科研成果攻读硕士期间主要科研成果 ................................................................................................... 59 致谢致谢 ........................................................................................................................................... 60 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 Contents 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background and Significance ..................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Status and Trends at Home and Abroad ...................................................... 2 1.3 Main Research Contents and s ....................................................................... 7 2 The Surface Subsidence Control Mechanism of Strip Filling and Mining Design ........ 9 2.1 Control Mechanism of Strip Filling Surface Subsidence ........................................... 9 2.2 Geological Survey of Liu Dong Coal Mine ............................................................. 16 2.3 Design of Strip Filling Mining ................................................................................. 18 2.4 Brief Summary ......................................................................................................... 21 3 Three Dimensional Numerical Simulation Study on The Influence of Strip Filling Sequence on Surface Subsidence............................................................................................ 22 3.1 Finite Difference and FLAC3D Program .................................................... 22 3.2 Three Dimensional Numerical Calculation Model .................................................. 23 3.3 Mining Simulation and Result Analysis ................................................................... 24 3.4 Brief Summary ......................................................................................................... 29 4 Physical Similarity Simulation Test of The Influence of Strip Filling Sequence on Surface Subsidence .................................................................................................................. 30 4.1 Scheme of Similar Material Model Test ................................................................... 30 4.2 Monitoring Results and Analysis ............................................................................. 37 4.3 Influence Law of Strip Filling Sequence on Surface Subsidence ............................ 42 4.4 Brief Summary ......................................................................................................... 42 5 Observation and Analysis of The Strip Filling Mining Technique and Ground Surface Settlement ................................................................................................................................. 44 5.1 Strip Filling Mining Technology .............................................................................. 44 5.2 Strip Filling Equipment ............................................................................................ 47 5.3 Observation and Analysis of Surface Subsidence .................................................... 50 5.4 Brief Summary ......................................................................................................... 52 6 Conclusions and Outlook .................................................................................................. 53 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 6.1 Main Conclusions ..................................................................................................... 53 6.2 Main Innovations ...................................................................................................... 53 6.3 Research Prospects ................................................................................................... 54 References ................................................................................................................................ 55 Achievements during Studying for Masters Degree ............................................................ 59 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. 60 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 绪论 1 1 绪绪 论论 1.1 研究背景和意义研究背景和意义 我国既是一个能源生产大国，也是一个能源消费大国，其中煤炭是我国消费能源的 主要来源，其为我国经济的持续快速发展提供了能源基础。我国煤炭资源储量丰富，全 国煤炭保有量为 100025 亿吨，占常规化石能源中的 90以上，煤炭在我国能源结构中 占据极大比例，20 世纪中叶，煤炭消耗占我国全部能源消耗的比例达到 90左右，随着 我国经济的发展，新型工业迅猛发展，能源结构得到改善，然而煤炭资源依然占我国能 源消费的 70左右。由此可以看出，在未来很长一段时间内煤炭资源依旧主导着我国能 源结构[1]。 近年来，随着我国经济发展结构的调整，经济发展速度放缓，对煤炭资源的高效可 持续开采将成为现行经济社会发展的要求，我国特别是中东部煤矿开采面临的主要问题 是建筑物下、铁路下、水体下和承压水上（ “三下一上” ）压煤开采问题，据 2007 年相关 统计数据，我国三下压煤总量约 137 亿吨[1]，其中以村庄建筑物下压煤量最大，矿区面 临的主要问题就是村庄建筑物下压煤开采。迁村开采虽然仍使用原有的采煤方法，煤炭 采出率得到保障， 但依然摆在煤炭企业面前的问题还有很多， 诸如不断上升的迁村成本、 大量占用土地、选址越发困难等[2]。此外，人类在消费煤炭资源的同时，也面临着开采 产生的煤矸石和电厂粉煤灰等所带来的空气污染、水体污染、耕地占用等一系列问题。 因此，为使矿井服务年限延长，使固体废弃物污染得到减少，在保证地表建（构）筑物 安全的前提下，采取有效的技术途径最大限度的释放压煤已势在必行[3]。 条带开采是一种部分开采法，由于上覆岩层和地表沉陷能有效地得到控制，地面建 （构） 筑物和生态环境得到切实地保护， 条带开采已被许多矿区广泛采用， 成为我国 “三 下”压煤开采的有效技术途径之一，同时也是煤矿“绿色开采技术”体系中的重要措施 之一[4]。近年来，由于经济的发展放缓，煤炭企业遇到不少的发展阻力，为使煤炭资源 的开采更合理以及减少村庄搬迁费用，使煤炭开采符合科学发展观的要求，各煤炭企业 开始考虑充填采煤法。采用充填法开采“三下”压煤，将地面的矸石、粉煤灰、尾矿等 固体废弃物充填到井下采空区，既提高了煤炭资源回收率和矿井经济效益，又减少固体 废弃物占压土地，从而使地面环境和矿山安全生产条件得到改善，不搬迁采煤得以实现 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 绪论 2 [5-6]。我国目前在村庄下采煤方面，尤其在东部平原地区的煤矿企业，因煤炭资源紧缺， 对村庄分布密度较大的地区，充填法开采应用较多[7]。充填开采方法是通过将充填材料 充入采空区或覆岩离层以达到控制地表沉降目的的技术[8-10]，它的本质是采用充填材料 置换煤炭资源，控制地表沉降，来实现三下开采[1]。充填开采分为全部充填法和部分充 填法，部分充填方法中最常用的一种方法是条带充填方法。相比于条带充填方法，全