矿用泡沫混凝土及巷旁充填工艺研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 矿用泡沫混凝土 及巷旁充填工艺研究 Research of Mining Foam Concrete and Technology of Roadside Packing 作 者曹东亮 导 师张益东 教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一八年五月 山西省煤基重点科技攻关项目（MJ2014-12）资助 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD353 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 矿用泡沫混凝土 及巷旁充填工艺研究 Research of Mining Foam Concrete and Technology of Roadside Packing 作 者 曹东亮 导 师 张益东 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 岩体力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 冯光明 评 阅 人 二○一八年五月 万方数据 致谢致谢 本文是在导师张益东教授的悉心指导下完成的。 从论文的选题、 思路的形成， 实验的实施和论文的撰写，每一个环节都凝聚着张老师的心血与智慧。张老师严 谨的治学态度、追求真理的执着精神深深影响着我，是我终生的学习榜样。研究 生三年，张老师不仅传授了丰富的专业知识，更以身作则教会我诸多做人做事的 道理。矿大三年，师从张老师，实在是我人生之幸。值此论文完成之际，特向张 益东教授致以崇高的敬意和衷心的感谢 特别感谢季明老师、程亮博士师兄、张猛博士师兄在论文创作中提供了诸多 的思路启发，每当论文创作遇到瓶颈与困难时，无私地提供了宝贵的建议和切实 的支持，在此致以诚挚的谢意 在实验实施过程中得到了程敬义老师、张凯老师的指导和启发，得到了彭献 清、王昌、杜心文、朱帅、王康康、李海珠、陈昭宏等师兄弟的帮助，在此向他 们表示衷心的感谢 感谢博士师兄张明磊、郭红军和同届师兄弟刘建、于鹏飞、张宗良、陈凯等 在科研和生活上的不懈帮助。 感谢我的家人在我完成学业中的倾心支持，感谢父母的养育之恩。 论文撰写中，参考了诸多师兄的科研成果，在此不能一一列举，谨向他们的 辛勤努力表示感谢 感谢在百忙中抽出宝贵时间对本论文进行评审和答辩的各位专家。 曹 东 亮 2018 年 4 月于中国矿业大学 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 沿空留巷技术是绿色开采的重要组成部分，研发环保节能、性能可靠的充填 材料符合煤矿生产提质降本的客观需求。本文针对潞安集团高河煤矿 E1303 留 巷充填体发生不同程度的破碎、劈裂，力求通过材料改性，更好地适应煤矿沿空 留巷对材料性能的要求。泡沫混凝土因其包含特殊的气孔结构，被广泛应用于工 程领域，但研究成果针对性和局限性较强。因此，系统研究各主要因素对泡沫混 凝土材料的性能， 研发适用于煤矿沿空留巷充填的泡沫混凝土材料具有重要意义。 本文简要介绍了泡沫混凝土的重要原料发泡剂，分析了其作用原理，空 压机压力值对泡沫形态的影响，测定了试验所用发泡剂的发泡倍数及稳定性，为 后期泡沫混凝土的制备奠定良好基础。泡沫混凝土的形成、稳定机理，决定必须 对使用的发泡剂性能（发泡倍数、稳定性）做出鉴定。应注意泡沫制备过程中的 空压机压力值， 比如本试验采用的发泡剂在压力处于0.3至0.4MPa制备的泡沫， 致密性强，可连续稳定出泡。 根据行业标准要求，制备了不同干密度级别的泡沫混凝土，为后期合理控制 密度来调整抗压强度积累了经验。利用综合单因素分析法和正交分析法，以材料 不同龄期的抗压强度作为主要指标，通过一系列试验，研究了泡沫混凝土材料各 组分的最佳配比。针对最佳试验组，测定了拌合物流动度。结果表明，水灰比、 泡沫量、纤维、促凝剂、掺合料、细砂，均会对材料的性能产生不同的影响，应 本着性能优良、绿色、经济的原则进行合理搭配使用。 最后将最佳试验组材料与潞安集团高河煤矿 E1303 留巷柔模充填体材料进 行了力学性能对比。并对沿空留巷的工艺进行了设计，包括支护设计和充填工艺 两部分。 该论文有图 38 幅，表 32 个，参考文献 73 篇。 关键词关键词沿空留巷；发泡剂；干密度；抗压强度；充填工艺 万方数据 II Abstract It is an important part of green mining to research and develop gob-side entry retaining,and developing energy-saving and reliable filling material is the objective need for quality reduction of coal mine. The filling body of E1303 in Gaohe coal mine of Lu’an group is broken and split in different degrees. Through material modification, it is better to adapt to the requirement of material perance in coal mine. Foamed concrete is widely used in engineering due to its special stomatal structure, but the research results are specific and limited. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the properties of foamed concrete materials systematically, and to research and develop the foamed concrete materials which are suitable for filling in the coal mine. This paper briefly introduces the important raw material of foamed concrete - foaming agent, the principle of its action and the effect of pressure value of air compressor on foam morphology is analyzed, the foaming multiple and stability of the foaming agent were determined. These work lays a good foundation for the preparation of foamed concrete. The ation and stabilization mechanism of foamed concrete determines that we must identify the foaming agent perance foaming multiple and stability. Attention should be paid to the pressure value of air compressor in the process of foam preparation. For example, the foaming agent prepared under pressure of 0.3 to 0.4 MPa in this test is highly compact and can be continuously stable. According to industry standard requirement, we have prepared the foam concrete with different dry density levels, and have accumulated experience in adjusting the density to control the compressive strength of materials. Comprehensive single factor analysis and orthogonal analysis were used. The compressive strength of the material at different ages is regarded as the main index, through a series of experiments, the optimum ratio of each component of foamed concrete was studied. We measured the fluidity of the mixture in the best experimental group. The results show Water cement ratio, amount of foam, fiber, coagulant, admixture, fine sand, will have different impact on the perance of the materials, they should be reasonably matching, based on the principle of excellent perance, green and economic. In the end, the mechanical properties were compared between the best experimental group material and the flexible work concrete of E1303 in Gaohe coal mine of Lu’an group. And the study on filling s of flexible work 万方数据 III foamed concrete is designed. It includes two parts support design and filling s. There are 38 pictures, 32 tables, and 73 references in this paper. Keywords gob-side entry retaining; foaming agent; dry density; compressive strength; filling s 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ........................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ......................................................................................................................... IV 图清单图清单 ...................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 ...................................................................................................................... VIII 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................... XII 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景及意义..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状..................................................................................................... 3 1.3 本文主要研究内容及技术路线............................................................................. 7 2 发泡及泡沫稳定性研究发泡及泡沫稳定性研究 ........................................................................................... 9 2.1 表面活性剂的作用原理分析................................................................................. 9 2.2 空压机压力值对泡沫的影响研究....................................................................... 11 2.3 发泡倍数及泡沫稳定性研究............................................................................... 11 2.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 14 3 泡沫混凝土的制备与性能研究泡沫混凝土的制备与性能研究 ............................................................................. 16 3.1 试验原材料........................................................................................................... 16 3.2 泡沫混凝土拌合物制备....................................................................................... 18 3.3 不同密度泡沫混凝土的制备............................................................................... 19 3.4 单因素分析试验................................................................................................... 22 3.5 掺合料复配对泡沫混凝土抗压强度的影响....................................................... 31 3.6 正交优化配比试验............................................................................................... 34 3.7 细砂泡沫混凝土的制备....................................................................................... 37 3.8 泡沫混凝土材料流动度测试............................................................................... 39 3.9 本章小结............................................................................................................... 40 4 与柔模混凝土充填材料的力学性能对比与柔模混凝土充填材料的力学性能对比 ............................................................. 42 4.1 高河煤矿 E1303 留巷充填体压力监测 .............................................................. 42 4.2 高河煤矿 E1303 留巷充填体材料力学性能测试 .............................................. 44 4.3 两种充填材料性能对比....................................................................................... 46 4.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 49 万方数据 V 5 泡沫混凝土柔模充填工艺设计泡沫混凝土柔模充填工艺设计 ............................................................................. 50 5.1 沿空留巷支护方案............................................................................................... 50 5.2 沿空留巷施工....................................................................................................... 55 5.3 本章小结............................................................................................................... 59 6 主要结论主要结论 ................................................................................................................. 60 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 62 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 66 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 67 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 68 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................... II Contents .................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures .......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables ............................................................................................................ VIII List of Variables........................................................................................................ XII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 The Research Background and Significance ........................................................... 1 1.2 Research Status Domestic and Abroad .................................................................... 3 1.3 Main Research Contents and Technological Routes ................................................ 7 2 Analysis of ation and Mechanism of Foaming .............................................. 9 2.1 The study on the effects of surfactant ...................................................................... 9 2.2 Influence of air compressor pressure value on foam ............................................. 11 2.3 Foam expansion and the stability of foam ............................................................. 11 2.4 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 14 3 The Develop and Mechanical Properties ，，Study of Foam Concrete ................... 16 3.1 Main test material .................................................................................................. 16 3.2 The manufacture of foam concrete ........................................................................ 18 3.3 The manufacture of foam concrete with different density ..................................... 19 3.4 Single factor analysis test....................................................................................... 22 3.5 Effects of compound admixture on compressive strength of foam concrete ......... 31 3.6 Orthogonal test ....................................................................................................... 34 3.7 The manufacture of foam concrete with fine sand ................................................. 37 3.8 The test of fluidity of foam concrete ...................................................................... 39 3.9 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 40 4 Comparison of Mechanical Properties with Flexible work Concrete ....... 42 4.1 Pressure monitoring of gob-side entry retaining gateway filled prop in Gao-He Coal Mine E1303 ......................................................................................................... 42 4.2 Mechanical properties test of gob-side entry retaining gateway filled prop in Gao-He Coal Mine E1303 ........................................................................................... 44 万方数据 VII 4.3 Mechanical properties comparison of two kinds of filling materials .................... 46 4.4 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 49 5 Study on Filling s of Flexible work Foamed Concrete .................. 50 5.1 Support scheme of gob-side entry retaining .......................................................... 50 5.2 The construction of the gob-side entry retaining ................................................... 55 5.3 Brief Summary ....................................................................................................... 59 6 Main Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 60 References ................................................................................................................... 62 Author’s Resume ........................................................................................................ 66 Declaration of Thesis Originality ............................................................................. 67 Thesis Data Collection ............................................................................................... 68 万方数据 VIII 图清单图清单 图序号 图名称 页码 图 1-1 研究技术路线图 8 Figure 1-1 Research technology roadmap 8 图 2-1 表面活性剂分子结构 10 Figure 2-1 Molecular structure of surface-active agents 10 图 2-2 表面活性剂在界面上的排列 10 Figure 2-2 Surface-active agents, arrangement on the interface 10 图 2-3 空压机和泡沫机 12 Figure. 2-3 Air compressor and foam preparation machine 12 图 2-4 制备出的泡沫 13 Figure 2-4 Prepared foam 13 图 3-1 泡沫混凝土的制备工艺流程 18 Figure 3-1 Production process of foam concrete 18 图 3-2 脱模后试件示意图 19 Figure 3-2 Diagram of removal sample 19 图 3-3 不同水灰比对抗压强度的影响 23 Figure 3-3 Effects of water cement ratio on compressive strength 23 图 3-4 不同水灰比对湿密度的影响 24 Figure 3-4 Effects of water cement ratio on wet density 24 图 3-5 泡沫掺量对抗压强度的影响 25 Figure 3-5 Effects of foam content on compressive strength 25 图 3-6 泡沫掺量对湿密度的影响 26 Figure 3-6 Effects of foam content on wet density 26 图 3-7 纤维掺量对抗压强度的影响 28 Figure 3