节理岩体变形失稳及锚固控制机理研究.pdf

分类号TD315 分类号TD315 密 级公 开 密 级公 开 U D C U D C 单位代码10424 单位代码10424 学学 位位 论论 文文 节理岩体变形失稳及锚固控制机理研究节理岩体变形失稳及锚固控制机理研究 邹邹 建建 超超 申请学位级别申请学位级别硕士学位硕士学位 专业名称专业名称固体力学固体力学 指导教师姓名指导教师姓名赵赵 同同 彬彬 职职 称称副副 教教 授授 山 东 科 技 大 学 山 东 科 技 大 学 二零一六年六月二零一六年六月 万方数据 国家自然科学基金（国家自然科学基金（NO.51474136）） 论文题目论文题目 节理岩体变形失稳及锚固控制机理研究节理岩体变形失稳及锚固控制机理研究 作者姓名作者姓名 邹邹 建建 超超 入学时间入学时间 2013 年年 9 月月 专业名称专业名称 固体力学固体力学 研究方向研究方向 矿山岩石力学矿山岩石力学 指导教师指导教师 赵赵 同同 彬彬 职职 称称 副副 教教 授授 论文提交日期论文提交日期2016 年年 6 月月 论文答辩日期论文答辩日期2016 年年 6 月月 授予学位日期授予学位日期2016 年年 6 月月 万方数据 STUDY ON DEATION INSTABILITY AND ANCHORAGE CONTROL MECHANISM OF JOINTED ROCK MASS A dissertation ted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY from Shandong University of Science and Technology by Zou Jianchao Supervisor Professor Zhao Tongbin College of Mining and Safety Engineering April 2016 万方数据 声声 明明 本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所 公认的文献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交 于其它任何学术机关作鉴定。 本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所 公认的文献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交 于其它任何学术机关作鉴定。 硕士生签名硕士生签名 日日 期期 AFFIRMATION I declare that this dissertation, ted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master of Philosophy in Shandong University of Science and Technology, is wholly my own work unless referenced of acknowledge. The document has not been ted for qualification at any other academic institute. Signature Date 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 摘要摘要 在深部开采中，巷道围岩内部产生了多区域、大范围的非连续破裂现象，此时围岩 力学性能主要受节理等破裂区控制，因节理变形失稳而引发的顶板垮落、片帮、底鼓等 巷道破坏现象日趋严重；同时围岩易沿节理剪切滑移，致使锚杆剪切破坏而失去锚固作 用，给深部巷道支护设计带来了严重挑战。因此，开展锚固支护下非连续破裂围岩失稳 控制机理的研究，对保障煤矿巷道的安全稳定性具有重要意义。本文采用声发射和数字 散斑试验、数值模拟以及理论分析的方法，探讨了深部巷道围岩破裂形成机制，分析了 节理岩石变形失稳特性，研究了锚固岩石中锚杆抗拉剪力学性能及锚固效应，揭示了节 理岩石变形失稳及锚固控制机理，取得了如下主要研究成果 首先，基于非静水压力下条件下巷道围岩不同位置处的应力状态分析，总结了围岩 应力在巷道顶板、 底板及两帮的分布规律和变化特征； 通过钻孔电视探测围岩破裂特征， 获得了巷道围岩破裂分布状况及规律；结合岩石在不同应力条件下变形破坏特征，得到 了围岩破裂形态与应力分布之间的关系当 λ＜1 时，在两帮围岩应力 σ1＞σ2，σ3，易产 生垂直裂隙和破碎区；λ0 时，在巷道顶、底板易产生环向裂隙和离层。 其次，通过对不同倾角节理岩石变形失稳的力学特性进行研究，分析了单、双节理 岩石试件应力场、位移场的分布和演化特征，以及峰值强度和弹性模量随节理倾角变化 的规律随着节理倾角的增大，岩石峰值强度和弹性模量呈减小趋势，且随倾角变化曲 线服从多项式函数；探究了不同节理倾角、节理数目对岩石试件力学性能的影响，得到 了不同节理倾角岩石试件在加载条件下剪切滑移变形破坏过程即节理填充物压密、岩 石基体滑移、次生裂隙萌生扩展 3 个阶段。 最后，采用数字散斑、数值模拟等方法对节理加锚岩石锚固控制机理进行了研究， 分析了加锚岩石试件的变形破坏特征、峰后裂隙扩展模式；并划分为底部岩石起裂、节 理面错动致裂、上部岩石裂隙扩展、裂隙整体贯通 4 阶段；通过对锚固岩石和锚杆变形 破坏及应力分布规律的研究，得到了锚杆受力变形特性，揭示了节理岩石变形失稳过程 中锚杆抗拉剪力学机理锚杆分担外界剪力产生拉压、剪切和弯曲变形，通过摩擦效应 为节理提供抗剪能力，产生节理与锚杆相互作用效果。 关键词关键词节理岩石；变形失稳；锚固机理；抗拉剪性能；声发射；数字散斑 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT 2 ABSTRACT In deep mining, multi zone and large scale of discontinuous fracture phenomenon have been produced in the internal surrounding rock of roadway. The mechanical properties of surrounding rock are mainly controlled by the fracture zone, the disaster caused by joint deation instability of roadway roof fall, rib sliding floor heaving and other disasters is becoming more and more serious; At the same time, the shear slip occurs along the joint surface, which leads to the failure of the anchor bolt which brings a serious challenge to the design of roadway support. Accordingly, it is significant importance to carry out the anchor under discontinuous rupture mechanism of stability control of surrounding rock, the laneway stability uation and support design. In this paper, using acoustic emission and DSCM test, the of numerical simulation and theory analysis, explores the ation mechanism of deep roadway surrounding rock burst, analyzed the joint instability of rock deation characteristics and anchoring the rock bolt tensile shear properties and the anchoring effect, etc., to determine the joint instability of rock deation and anchorage control mechanism. Firstly, the non hydrostatic pressure under the condition of roadway surrounding rock at different locations of the stress state of the theoretical deduction and analysis, summed up the surrounding rock stress in the roadway roof, floor and double rib for the distribution and variation characteristics; Through along the borehole depth stage extraction rock fracture characteristics, won the roadway surrounding rock fracture distribution and regular; Combined with indoor rock specimens under different stress conditions of deation and failure characteristics, the surrounding rock fracture morphology and the relationship between the stress distribution. On both sides, when λ σ2, σ3, proning to vertical fracture and broken zone; At the top and bottom of the roadway, when λ 0, proning to produce circumferential cracks and delamination. Secondly, the deation instability of the mechanical properties of different jointed rock were laboratory experiment and numerical simulation research, analysis of single or double joints of rock stress field and displacement field distribution and evolution characteristics, and peak strength and elastic modulus vary with the changes of the joint angle, probing into the different joint angle, joint quantity of rock test effect of mechanical properties, 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT 3 the different jointed rock specimen under loading conditions of shear slip deation failure process. Can be divided into 3 stages the compaction of the joint filler, the slip of the rock matrix, the initiation and expansion of the secondary crack. Finally, by using the digital speckle and numerical simulation of joints and anchors rock anchorage control mechanism are studied in this paper, comparative analysis of the anchorage rock specimen deation and failure characteristics, crack expansion mode, divided into 4 phase, the bottom of the rock from the crack, the joint surface dislocation crack, the upper part of the rock crack growth, crack the whole through, through the anchor and anchor degeneration and damage of stress distribution rules of the anchor force and deation characteristics of, reveals the jointed rock deation and loss of stability anchor tensile shear mechanism. Tension, compression, shear, and bending deation of the anchor bolts are generated for sharing external shear stress, and providing anti shearing ability for joint rock by the friction effect, producing interact effect of joint and anchor bolt. KeywordsJointed rock; Deation instability; Anchorage mechanism; Tensile shear properties; Acoustic emission; Test of DSCM 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 1 目录 目录 1 绪论绪论 ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究的背景和意义...........................................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状...............................................................................................................2 1.3 主要研究内容及技术路线...............................................................................................4 2 深部巷道围岩破裂特征及形成机制深部巷道围岩破裂特征及形成机制............................................................... 6 2.1 深部巷道围岩二次应力分布规律...................................................................................6 2.2 巷道围岩破裂形态及分布规律.......................................................................................9 2.3 不同应力作用下围岩破裂形态的形成机制.................................................................13 2.4 本章小结.........................................................................................................................16 3 不同倾角节理岩石变形失稳力学机理不同倾角节理岩石变形失稳力学机理......................................................... 18 3.1 不同组合节理岩石力学试验.........................................................................................18 3.2 含不同倾角节理岩石变形破坏特征.............................................................................21 3.3 节理岩石变形失稳数值模拟分析.................................................................................29 3.4 含节理岩石变形破坏力学机理.....................................................................................34 3.5 本章小结.........................................................................................................................41 4 节理岩石锚固效应及抗拉剪力学性能节理岩石锚固效应及抗拉剪力学性能......................................................... 43 4.1 节理加锚岩石变形破坏特征.........................................................................................43 4.2 破裂岩石锚固机理数值模拟分析.................................................................................52 4.3 锚固节理岩石抗拉剪力学性能.....................................................................................58 4.4 本章小结.........................................................................................................................63 5 结论与展望结论与展望 ..................................................................................................... 65 5.1 主要结论.........................................................................................................................65 5.2 创新点.............................................................................................................................66 5.3 不足与展望.....................................................................................................................66 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 2 致谢致谢 ..................................................................................................................... 67 参考文献参考文献 ............................................................................................................. 68 攻读硕士期间主要成果攻读硕士期间主要成果..................................................................................... 75 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 1 Content 1 Introduction............................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background and significance of the research.........................................................................................1 1.2 Research Status of Domestic and Overseas............................................................................................2 1.3 Main Research Contents and s...................................................................................................4 2 Fracture Distribution and ation Mechanism of Surrounding Rock on Roadway..6 2.1 Deep roadway surrounding rock distribution Pattern of the secondary stress........................................6 2.2 Borehole detection scheme of roadway roof rock fracture ....................................................................9 2.3 Detection results of roadway surrounding rock and the distribution of fracture morphology..............13 2.4 Brief Summary of the Chapter .............................................................................................................16 3 Mechanical mechanism of rock deation instability with different joint dip angle 18 3.1 Rock mechanical test of different joints...............................................................................................18 3.2 Deation and failure characteristics of joint specimens with different dip angles .........................21 3.3 Numerical simulation analysis of deation and instability of jointed rock ....................................29 3.4 Mechanical mechanism of deation and failure of joint specimen.................................................34 3.5 Brief Summary of the Chapter .............................................................................................................41 4 Anchoring effect and tensile shear mechanical properties of the jointed rock ..............43 4.1 Deation and failure characteristics of specimens with joint and anchorange...............................43 4.2 Numerical simulation analysis of rock anchoring mechanism of fracture...........................................52 4.3 Tensile shear mechanical mechanism of specimens with joint and anchorange..................................58 4.4 Brief Summary of the Chapter .............................................................................................................63 5 Conclusions and Outlooks...................................................................................................65 5.1 Main Conclusions.................................................................................................................................65 5.2 Innovation Points..................................................................................................................................66 5.3 Inadequate and Outlooks......................................................................................................................66 Acknowledges...........................................................................................................................67 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 2 References ................................................................................................................................68 Academic achievements..........................................................................................................75 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 绪论 1 1 绪论绪论 1.1 研究的背景和意义研究的背景和意义 随着我国对矿产资源的需求日益增加，导致矿山开采不断向深部发展，开采深度正 以每年 8-12 米的速度增加，可以看出深部开采是未来发展的趋势[1-3]。在深部矿井巷道 围岩中，围岩的变形和破坏都具有较显著的非线性特征，这决定了深部矿井会遇到一系 列浅部开采未曾遇到的问题，其中最为典型的现象之一就是深部岩体的破裂形式。在深 部岩体中开挖巷道或者硐室时，在其两侧出现了交替的破坏区和未破坏区，即所谓的巷 道围岩结构非连续破裂现象[4-6]。随着巷道围岩探测设备的广泛应用，国内外很多专家在 深部矿井探测到围岩非连续破裂现象。 如图 1.1所示为用钻孔电视探测到的开滦矿区东 欢坨煤矿巷道围岩非连续破裂现象。 深部巷道围岩的非连续破裂失稳现象 反应了深部岩体的力学特性， 对深部煤矿开 采的发展起着极为重要的作用；同时，围岩 非连续破裂结构特征的出现加大了支护控 制难度， 给深部巷道支护设计带来了极大的 挑战[7-11]，成为了一个世界性难题。然而， 国内外还没有形成统一的理论体系用来指导工程实践，特别是在室内试验、数值模拟方 面，对于深部开挖巷道围岩非连续破裂机理分析与试验验证、巷道围岩结构变形破坏全 过程及承载性能损伤演化机制以及对破裂围岩进行合理有效的支护设计等方面的研究， 还未有成熟的研究成果[12-14]。因此，关于巷道非连续破裂结构稳定性及支护控制机制研 究己成为岩体力学的一个重要研究分支，受到岩石力学与采矿界学者专家的广泛的关注 与重视[15-18]。 因此，系统地从现场监测、室内岩石力学试验、数值模拟分析和理论研究入手，通 过对现场探测到的围岩内部非连续破裂现象进行分析，并在实验室内采用节理岩石试验 和数值模拟进行研究，寻求获得深部岩体的非连续破裂机理，探讨不同加载方式下不同 倾角节理岩石的变形破裂模式，以及加锚岩石的锚固作用机理，能够为深部非连续破裂 巷道围岩的支护体系建立提供理论依据，有利于改进现有支护技术，为深部巷道的布置 图 1.1 巷道围岩非连续破裂示意图 Fig.1.1 Discontinuous fracture of surrounding rock of roadway 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 绪论 2 和支护方式以及开挖方法提供重要的理论依据。 1.2 国内外研究现状国内外研究现状 1.2.1 围岩非连续破裂特征及形成机制研究围岩非连续破裂特征及形成机制研究 自从上世纪 70 年代研究人员在南非的金矿中发现了深部岩体非连续破裂现象[19]以 来，各国专家学者便开始关注深部岩体这种特殊的工程响应问题。目前，对于深部巷道 围岩非连续破裂的研究还不够深入和全面，国内外学者主要从现场探测、相似材料模拟 试验等方面进行了探讨，验证了这一现象的存在，并试图从不