基于关键层倾角与局部微震动监测的初次来压实验研究.pdf

分类号分类号 TD353 密密 级级 公公 开开 U D C 单位代码单位代码 10424 学学 位位 论论 文文 基于基于关键层关键层倾角与倾角与局部局部微震动监测微震动监测 的初次来压的初次来压实验实验研究研究 姬松涛姬松涛 山山 东东 科科 技技 大大 学学 二〇一六年六月二〇一六年六月 申请学位级别申请学位级别硕士学位硕士学位 指导教师姓名指导教师姓名张张 开开 智智 专业专业名名称称 采矿工程采矿工程 职职 称称 教教 授授 万方数据 论文题目论文题目 基于基于关键层关键层倾角与倾角与局部局部微震动监测微震动监测 的初次来压的初次来压实验实验研究研究 作者姓名程作者姓名程 秀秀 洋洋 论文提交日期论文提交日期 2016 年年 4 月月 论文答辩日期论文答辩日期 2016 年年 6 月月 授予学位日期授予学位日期 作者姓名姬作者姓名姬 松松 涛涛 专业名称采矿工程专业名称采矿工程 指导教师张指导教师张 开开 智智 入学时间入学时间 2013 2013 年年 9 9 月月 研究方向研究方向 矿山压力与岩层控制矿山压力与岩层控制 职职 称称 教教 授授 国家自然科学基金资助项目51564004 贵州省科技厅、贵州理工学院联合基金项目[2014]7370 万方数据 EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL APPROACH TO DETERMINE THE MOTION CHARACTERISTICS OF ROOF STRATA BASED ON INCLINATION ANGLES AND LOCAL MICROSEISM SIGNALS PRIOR TO INITIAL ROCK BURST A Dissertation ted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY from Shandong University of Science and Technology by Songtao Ji Supervisor Professor Kaizhi Zhang College of Mining and Safety Engineering May 2016 万方数据 声声 明明 本人呈交给山东科技大本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所公认的文学的这篇硕士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所公认的文 献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交于其它任何学术机献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交于其它任何学术机 关作鉴定。关作鉴定。 硕士生签名硕士生签名 日日 期期 AFFIRMATION I declare that this dissertation, ted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master of Philosophy in Shandong University of Science and Technology, is wholly my own work unless referenced of acknowledge. The document has not been ted for qualification at any other academic institute. Signature Date 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 摘摘 要要 顶板初次来压是一种较为剧烈的矿压显现，坚硬岩层顶板情况下，来压瞬间弹性能 突然释放极易造成破坏性动压冲击，顶板运动监测及控制难度高。针对这一问题，本文 提出基于岩层倾角的顶板运动反演算法，以及局部微震动监测手段，并开发岩层倾角及 局部微震动监测仪与相应的在线监测软件。 论文取煤矿采煤工作面中部单位宽度的岩层为研究对象，基于梁理论建立“顶板-载 荷-地基”力学分析模型， 并给出岩梁倾角计算式。 基于岩梁上 4 点处倾角及点间距数据， 以岩梁跨度、断裂点位置、弯矩与剪力为求解量，建立非线性方程组，给出方程初值选 取方法，采用牛顿法与遗传算法进行求解。提出倾角采样点布置应在开切眼一侧的关键 层岩梁，以岩梁的极限跨度为参考值，不应超越跨中截面。假定不同工作面推进距离及 相应的弯矩与剪力为方程初值，进行算例求解，算例表明采用所述方法对岩梁真实跨 度、岩梁断裂点位置、弯矩与剪力进行计算有效可行，给定跨度初值 2 倍于真实跨度的 情况下，计算仍然能够较好收敛，最大误差小于 5cm，满足工程计算精度需求，算法容 错性好。 进一步地开发基于惯性测量单元的岩层倾角与局部微震动监测仪，对相似材料模拟 试验的初次来压过程进行监测研究。论证了采用岩层倾角及局部微震动监测仪对顶板运 动进行监测的可行性及准确性。监测结果表明初次来压运动共经历 3 个时期微观非显 著运动期、宏观显著运动期、岩梁断裂期。微观非显著变化期占初次来压运动总时长的 55.8，岩梁无宏观运动，产生逐渐增强的微震动信号；宏观显著变化期占来压运动总 时长的 39.8，岩梁产生倾角变化且变化速率逐渐增大；岩梁断裂期占来压运动总时长 的 4.4，岩梁发生断裂触底并逐渐达到新的稳定结构。 本文研究成果证明了基于倾角进行岩梁运动反演分析的理论可行性，为进一步 的试验研究与工程实践提供了理论基础。局部微震动监测方法的提出，以及微观非 显著运动期的存在，拓展了传统初次来压研究的时间跨度，为顶板来压发展状态的 判别及预测预报提供了新的判据。 关键词关键词 初次来压；岩层倾角；局部微震动监测；惯性测量单元；顶板监测；相似 材料模拟 I 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 Abstract Abstract In mining industry, rock burst due to elastic energy release of roof strata structure poses a significant threat to safety. Combining with potential energy release for hard roofs without supporting system, such accident should be controlled and monitored. However, there is lack of direct monitoring to obtain the pseudo-motion states of the vacant roof structure. This work proposes an analytical approach to determine the span and possible fracturing positions of roof strata based on the inclination monitoring data. Firstly, unit width of roof strata is considered as a beam laying on elastic foundation. Based on the mechanics model, equations with four variables, including the span of roof strata, the fracturing positions of rock burst, the bending moments and shear forces corresponding to fracturing sections, are established. Such equations can be solved by considering inclination angles at four different positions in a roof strata. In addition, distribution strategy of monitoring points is investigated. Furthermore, nonlinear optimization is incorporated to solve these equations, and several approaches are adopted to determine the initial values of 4 variables. At last, the accuracy and convergency of the are validated through a numerical example. In order to study roof rock strata movement characteristics of the first weighting process, this project monitor similar material simulation experiment of first weighting by rock stratum dip angle and local microseism monitor based on IMU Inertial measurement unit. The technical feasibility and monitoring accuracy of rock stratum dip angle and local microseism monitor have been proved in this experiment. The monitoring results suggest the overlying strata movement process of first weighting involves 3 stages Microscopic movement stage, Macro movement stage, Fracture and rebalance stage. Microscopic movement stage accounts for 55.8 in total-time of first weighting, and local microseisms generated by internal micro crack growth in rock mass; Macro movement stage makes up 39.8 in total-time of first weighting, and in this stage the dip angle of the rock beam has been changing and the rate of change increased gradually; The proportion of Fracture and rebalance stage is 4.4 in total-time of first weighting, and the rock beam fractured and reach a new stability. The results show that the proposed base on monitored inclination angles and local microseism signals is a feasible approach to predict the span and possible fracturing positions of rook strata prior to rock burst. The discovery of Microscopic movement stage expanded the time horizon of prior research. Monitoring results provided a new criterion of the first weighting process. Keywords first weighting; rock stratum dip angle; local microseism signals; IMU Inertial measurement unit; roof monitor; similar material simulation experiment II 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 目目 录录 1 绪论绪论 ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 课题的提出及研究意义 ............................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ........................................................................................................... 4 1.3 研究内容 ....................................................................................................................... 6 1.4 研究方法 ....................................................................................................................... 7 2 基于梁的采场覆岩力学模型建立与求解基于梁的采场覆岩力学模型建立与求解 ................................................................. 9 2.1 关键层的梁力学模型 ................................................................................................... 9 2.2 岩梁Ⅰ倾角的解析解 ................................................................................................. 10 2.3 基于同一时刻多点倾角的岩梁真实跨度分析 ......................................................... 11 2.4 算例与讨论 ................................................................................................................. 13 2.5 改进算法 ..................................................................................................................... 15 2.6 本章小结 ..................................................................................................................... 19 3 倾角及局部微震动传感器设计倾角及局部微震动传感器设计 ................................................................................. 21 3.1 岩层倾角及局部微震动监测的优势 ......................................................................... 21 3.2 传感器设计 ................................................................................................................. 23 3.3 倾角及局部微震动监测的工程实现方法 ................................................................. 27 3.4 实验室条件下的监测仪开发 ..................................................................................... 28 4 初次来压相似材料模拟初次来压相似材料模拟 ............................................................................................... 30 4.1 相似材料模拟原理 ..................................................................................................... 30 4.2 试验模拟对象及目的 ................................................................................................. 32 4.3 试验模型的参数确定 ................................................................................................. 33 4.4 试验结果分析 ............................................................................................................. 38 4.5 本章小结 ..................................................................................................................... 44 1 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 5 结论与展望结论与展望 ....................................................................................................................... 45 5.1 结论 ............................................................................................................................. 45 5.2 展望 ............................................................................................................................. 46 6 附录附录 ..................................................................................................................................... 47 6.1 MATLAB 牛顿法计算程序 ......................................................................................... 47 6.2 1stOpt 遗传算法计算程序 .......................................................................................... 49 6.3 上位机 VB 程序 ......................................................................................................... 49 参考文献参考文献 ................................................................................................................................ 56 攻读硕士期间主要研究成果攻读硕士期间主要研究成果 ........................................................................................... 62 致致 谢谢 ..................................................................................................................................... 63 2 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Raising of project and meaning of the study ........................................................................... 1 1.2 Present status of the study at home and abroad ........................................................................ 4 1.3 Research contents ............................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Research ................................................................................................................. 7 2 Mechanics model set up and solving of the rock beam ....................................................... 9 2.1 Mechanics model of the key rock beam ................................................................................. 9 2.2 Analytical approach of inclination angle of rock beamⅠ ........................................................ 10 2.3 Analytical approach of the span of rock beamⅠbased on inclination angle ............................. 11 2.4 Example and discussion ..................................................................................................... 13 2.5 Improvement of the algorithm ............................................................................................ 15 2.6 Chapter summary .............................................................................................................. 19 3 Design of inclination angle and local microseism sensor .................................................. 21 3.1 The advantages of inclination angle and local microseism monitoring ...................................... 21 3.2 Design of sensor ............................................................................................................... 23 3.3 Engineering application of inclination angle and local microseism monitoring .......................... 27 3.4 Development of sensor under laboratory conditions ............................................................... 28 4 Similar material simulation for the initial rock brust ....................................................... 30 4.1 The theory of similar material simulation ............................................................................. 30 4.2 Objects of similar material simulation ................................................................................ 32 4.3 Parameter determination of similar material simulation ........................................................ 33 4.4 Analysis of experiment result .............................................................................................. 38 4.5 Chapter summary .............................................................................................................. 44 5 Conclusion and prospect ...................................................................................................... 45 1 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 5.1 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 45 5.2 prospect ........................................................................................................................... 46 6 Appendix ................................................................................................................................ 47 6.1 Newton’s program of MATLAB .............................................................................. 47 6.2 Genetic algorithm of 1stOpt ............................................................................................... 49 6.3 Computer monitoring program VB.................................................................................... 49 Reference .................................................................................................................................. 56 Main Work Achievement of the Author during Working on Master Paper ...................... 62 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. 63 2 万方数据 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 1 绪论 1 绪绪 论论 1.1 课题的提出课题的提出及研究意义及研究意义 1.1.2 课题的提出课题的提出 煤炭长久以来在我国能源消费中占据主导地位，为国民经济的发展和社会文明的进 步做出了巨大的贡献。但近几年，随着我国经济结构调整的不断深化，煤炭行业产能过 剩的现状日趋严重。考虑我国经济发展前景及能源结构组成，虽然传统能源行业正在发 生深刻变化，煤炭产业面临着清洁能源的不断挑战，但由于我国能源构成“富煤、缺油、 少气”的特点， 煤炭仍将会是我国能源安全战略中最重要的基石， 在我国一次能源结构中， 煤炭将长期是主要能源，煤炭在能源中的主体地位在一个相当长的时期内不会改变，煤 炭行业在能源中的主体地位仍然存在。 “十三五”能源规划提出了加快建立“安全、清洁、高效、可持续”的现代能源体系， 具体到煤炭行业， 安全生产、 节约开发、 清洁利用将成为今后一段时期的主要发展方向。 供给侧结构改革，对于煤炭行业既是机遇也是挑战，进一步对煤炭行业的安全、绿色、 高效生产提出了更高要求。而冲击地压、煤与瓦斯突出等矿井动力灾害，具有瞬时性和 强危害性的特点，预测防控难度大，近年来发生频次高、发生范围不断扩大，且一旦发 生将对人员和设备带来严重威胁，煤矿安全生产已成为煤炭资源安全高效开采的头号难 题。 目前全国矿井采深以每年 812m 的速度增加，开采深度不断加大，已经有相当数量 的矿井步入千米深井行列，表