厚煤层综放工作面顶煤运移及矿压显现规律研究.pdf

m 国家重点基础研宄发展规划（973计划） （2015CB251600资 助 教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划（NCET-12-0957 资助 江苏省高校“青蓝工程” 项目资助 中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金（2014YC01 资助 江苏省普通高校研宄生科研创新计划（CXZZ13_ 0946资 助 江苏省优势学科项目资助 硕 士 学 位 论 文 厚煤层综放工作面顶煤运移 及矿压显现规律研究 Research on Laws of Top-coal Movement and Strata Pressure Behavior of Fully Mechanized Caving Face in Thick Coal Seam 作 者 李 盼 导 师 马立强教授 中 国 矿 业 大 学 二〇 一 五 年 五 月 万方数据 中图分类号 TD355 学校代码 10290 UDC 622_________ 密 级 公开 中 国 矿 业 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文 厚煤层综放工作面顶煤运移 及矿压显现规律研究 Research on Laws of Top-coal Movement and Strata Pressure Behavior of Fully Mechanized Caving Face in Thick Coal Seam 作 者李 盼 申 请 学 位 工学硕士 学 科 专 业 采矿工程 答辩委员会主席 宗龙 导 师 马立强 培 养 单 位 矿业工程学院 研究方向开采方法与岩层控制 评 阅 人 王 少 义 、范钢伟 二〇_ 五年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 年月 日 导师签名 年月 日 万方数据 论文审阅认定书 研究生 李 盼 在规定的学习年限内， 按照研究生培养方案 的要求，完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成本 学位论文, 经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同， 论文撰写格式符合学校的相关规定， 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文 送专家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 万方数据 致 谢 又是一年毕业季， 自此研究生求学历程即将结束, 马上又要踏上人生新的征 程 。 回忆研究生生活,成败得失历历在目。 在不断成长的过程中， 得到了许多师长、 同学和朋友的关心和支持,在此表示衷心的感谢。 衷心地感谢导师马立强教授在学业上的悉心教诲和生活上无私帮助。 马老师 严谨的治学态度，忘我的工作精神以及开拓创新的精神，是学生不断进取、永远 学习的楷模。 导师对学生至真至诚的关怀,使学生铭记在心， 师恩情重,难以言表。 在 此 ，我再次向导师表示最衷心的感谢 感谢课题组张东升教授、王旭锋教授、范钢伟老师、张炜老师以及我的本科 辅导员朱磊老师和吴锋锋老师、班主任李桂臣老师等多年来对我的关心、鼓励和 帮助 感谢同门师兄弟金志远博士、郭金帅硕士、汪辉硕士、王广硕士、孙鹏飞硕 士 、张建毅硕士、王立山硕士、王飞硕士、杜勋硕士、孙强硕士、孙海硕士、苗 乾坤硕士、梁继猛硕士、李珂硕士和谭志文硕士等对我的支持和帮助。 感谢室友王秉龙博士、卫英豪硕士、赵占全硕士、潘宝骝硕士、刘承雨硕士 和袁奇硕士对我的鼓励、支持和理解 感谢父母多年来的默默付出和支持，养育之恩无以回报，唯有勉励自己，不 断进取 感谢我的母校-中国矿业大学多年来对我培养 最后，感谢各位评阅专家、学者在百忙之中审阅本论文，并殷切希望得到您 的批评和指正 李 盼 2015年5月1 0日 万方数据 摘 要 综采放顶煤开采方法是针对厚煤层（ 特厚煤层）的一种能够实现高产高效的 采煤技术。本 文 以 庞 庞 塔 煤 矿10-704厚煤层综放工作面回采为工程实例，通过 数值计算、理论分析和现场实测，研宄了综放工作面顶煤运移、破坏规律以及工 作面推进过程中覆岩运动与围岩应力分布规律，本论文主要研宄成果如下 1 数值模拟结果表明，沿工作面倾向不同位置围岩应力分布有较大差异。 工作面中部和上部煤体及底板应力集中程度大，而顶板应力集中程度相对较小。 在工作面下部，由于受上个综放工作面采空区侧向支承压力的影响，使得工作面 下部煤体及底板应力集中范围较中部和上部大。数值模型开挖结果表明，工作面 周期来压歩距与实测平均值基本吻合。 2 综合分析应力和支架作用对顶煤运移的影响表明，超前支承压力作用 使顶煤原生裂隙扩展，次生裂隙发育。煤体在垂直方向受压产生较大水平位移， 并在超前支承压力影响范围内形成散体区、裂隙发育扩展区及弹性完整区。放顶 煤支架的初撑力过大或过小都会增加工作面冒顶次数， 增加支架顶梁长度及支架 移动频率有利于顶煤充分破碎，提高顶煤采出率。 3 现场实测结果表明，垂直于工作面推进方向的同一断面，高层位的顶 煤较先发生运移，并且在同一层位距工作面煤壁越近顶煤位移量越大。工作面平 均周期来压步距为18.4 m，平均动载系数为1.26，两端动载系数较中部大。工作 面超前支承压力影响范围为0〜 50 m，支承压力峰值位于煤壁前方13 m左右，工 作面下部超前支承压力较上部大，支 承 压 力 集 中 系 数 为1.80〜1.99。侧向支承压 力峰值位于区段煤柱上方距上个已采工作面采空区边缘7 m处 ， 侧向支承压力集 中 系 数 为1.16〜1.29。 该论文有图5 8幅，表17个 ，参 考 文 献7 9篇 。 关键词厚煤层；综放开采；数值模拟；顶煤运移；覆岩运动 I 万方数据 Abstract Mechanized top coal caving mining is a mining technology to achieve high production and efficiency for the thick coal seams special thick seam mining. This thesis takes 10-704 fully mechanized caving face of P ang P angta mine as project example and has studied law of top coal movement and destruction on fully mechanized top coal caving face, law of overburden movement and stress distribution during working face advancing through numerical calculation, theoretical analysis and field measurement. In this thesis, results are as follows 1 Numerical calculation results show that surrounding rock stress distribution in different locations along inclination of working face is quite different. The stress concentration degree of coal and floor is larger than roof in upper and middle parts of working face. While the stress concentration area of coal and floor increases in lower part of working face because of influence of side abutment pressure. Excavation results of the numerical model show that periodic weighting step distance of working face is basically consitent with the measured average value. 2 Comprehensive analysis results of the impact for top coal movement by stress and support show that the top coal has a greater horizontal displacement under pressure in the vertical direction, and s dispersion zone, fissure extension zone and elastic zone within the range of influence area of abutment pressure. Support setting load is too large or too small w ill increase the number of roof falling on working face. Increasing top beam length of support and frequency of support movement can make top coal be fully broken and successfully released, and improve top coal recovery ratio. 3 Field measurement results show that the upper layer top coal in the same cross section which is perpendicular to the direction of working face advancing has displacement firstly. And in the same layer, the closer to the coal wall, the greater the displacement of the top coal w ill be. The average periodic weighting step distance of working face is 18.4 m, the average dynamic load coefficient is 1.26, and the dynamic load coefficient at both ends of working face is larger than middle part. Advancing abutment pressure effect of working face is at the range of 0〜 50 m, and the maximum location of advancing abutment pressure is about 13 m away from the front coal wall. The concentration factor of advancing abutment pressure is at the range of 1.80〜1.99， and the lower part on working face of that is larger than upper part. While the concentration factor of side abutment pressure is at the range of 1.16〜1.29, and the II 万方数据 maximum location of side abutment pressure is at the top of isolated coal pillar and about 7 m away from the goaf edge of mined working face. There are 58 diagrams, 17 tables and 79 references in the thesis. Key words thick coal seam; fully mechanized top coal caving; numerical simulation; top coal movement; overburden movement III 万方数据 目 录 摘要......................................................................................................................................I 目 录...................................................................................................................................IV 图清单............................................................................................................................... V III 表 清 单............................................................................................................................... X III 变量 注释 表.........................................................................................................................X V 1绪 论.....................................................................................................................................1 1 .1问题的提出.....................................................................................................................1 1 .2国内外研宄现状与分析...............................................................................................2 1 .3主要研宄内容..............................................................................................................10 1 .4拟采取的研宄方法与研宄路线............................................................................... 10 2工作面开采条件.............................................................................................................. 12 2 .1地理位置与交通......................................................................................................... 12 2 .2矿井主要可采煤层.....................................................................................................13 2 .3工作面生产技术条件................................................................................................ 15 2 .4本章小结.......................................................................................................................19 3厚煤层综放面覆岩运动及应力分布规律数值模拟.................................................20 3 .1工作面煤岩应力分布数值模拟............................................................................... 20 3.2 工作面覆岩运动数值计算 ........................................................................................ 25 3.3 本章小结....................................................................................................................... 28 4厚煤层综放工作面顶煤运移规律研究.......................................................................30 4 .1顶煤力学特性研宄.....................................................................................................30 4 .2顶煤运移与破坏机理分析........................................................................................ 34 4 .3顶煤运移实测..............................................................................................................38 4.4 本章小结....................................................................................................................... 42 5 10-704综放工作面矿压显现实测............................................................................. 44 5 .1采场覆岩的活动规律................................................................................................ 44 5 .2支架承载特征分析.....................................................................................................49 5.3 10-704工作面回采巷道表面位移.........................................................................58 5.4 10-704工作面支承压力分布..................................................................................61 IV 万方数据 5.5 本章小结....................................................................................................................... 65 6主 要 结 论...........................................................................................................................66 参 考 文 献............................................................................................................................... 67 作 者 简 历............................................................................................................................... 72 学位论文原创性声明..........................................................................................................73 学位论文数据集...................................................................................................................74 V 万方数据 Go门to门ts Abstract................................................................................................................................ II Contens............................................................................................................................... IV I List of Figures..................................................................................................................V III List of Tables....................................................................................................................X III List of Variables.................................................................................................................XV 1 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 P roblem Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Current Research Status..................................................................................................2 1.3 Main Research Contents..............................................................................................10 1.4 Research Approaches and P rocedure..........................................................................10 2 Geological Conditions of Fully Mechanized Caving Face......................................12 2.1 Geographic Location and Traffic.................................................................................12 2.2 Main Minable Coal Seams ........................................................................................... 13 2.3 Mining Technical Conditions of Working Face ....................................................... 15 2.4 Chapter Summary ......................................................................................................... 19 3 Overburden Movement and Stress Variation Law of Fully Mechanized Caving Face in Thick Coal Seam...................................................................................................20 3.1 Numerical Simulation of Rock Stress Variation in working Face..........................20 3.2 Numerical Calculations of Overburden Movement in Working Face...................25 3.3 Chapter Summary ......................................................................................................... 28 4 Study of Top-coal Movement Law in Fully Mechanized Caving Face in Thick Coal Seam.............................................................................................................................30 4.1 Study of Top-coal Mechanical properties .................................................................. 30 4.2 Analysis of Top-coal Movement and Destruction Mechanism..............................34 4.3 Field Measurement and Monitoring of Top-coal......................................................38 4.4 Chapter Summary ......................................................................................................... 42 5 P ressure Effects Measurement and M onitoring of 10-704 Fully Mechanized Caving Face..........................................................................................................................44 5.1 Overburden Activity laws of Stope............................................................................44 5.2 Analysis of Support Loading Characteristic.............................................................49 5.3 Roadway Surface Displacements of 10-704 Working Face....................................58 VI 万方数据 5.4 Abutment Stress Distribution in 10-704 Working Face...........................................61 5.5 Chapter Summary......................................................................................................... 65 6 Main Conclusions............................................................................................................66 References.............................................................................................................................67 Author’s Resume.................................................................................................................72 Declaration of Thesis O riginality....................................................................................73 Thesis Data Collection........................................................................................................74 VII 万方数据 图清单 图序号图名称页码 图1-1研究技术路线11 Figure 1-1Research technical route11 图2-1交通位置14 Figure 2-1Traffic location14 图2-2工作面布置平面图15 Figure 2-2Layout of working face15 图2-3工作面岩层综合柱状图18 Figure 2-3Strata drilling columnar of working face18 图3-1模型层位分布图21 Figure 3-1Strata locations in model21 图3-2工作面上部塑性区及垂直应力分布21 Figure 3-2P lastic zone and vertical stress distribution on upper part of working face21 图3-3工作面中部塑性区及垂直应力分布21 Figure 3-3P lastic zone and vertical stress distribution on middle part of working face21 图3-4工作面下部塑性区及垂直应力分布22 Figure 3-4P lastic zone and vertical stress distribution on lower part of working face22 图3-5工作面不同推进距离围岩应力分布23 Figure 3-5 Surro