大同矿区双系煤层开采覆岩大范围运动规律及结构特征研究.pdf

国家自然科学基金资助项目51174192 江苏高校优势学科建设工程 中国矿业大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金2014ZDPY21 硕士学位论文 大同矿区双系煤层开采覆岩大范围 运动规律及结构特征研究 Study on the Law of Motion and Structure Characteristics of Wide Range Coal Roof of the Jurassic and Carboniferous Mining in Datong Mining Area 作 者陈现辉 导 师刘长友教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一五年五月 万方数据 中图分类号 TD8 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 大同矿区双系煤层开采覆岩大范围 运动规律及结构特征研究 Study on the Law of Motion and Structure Characteristics of Wide Range Coal Roof of the Jurassic and Carboniferous Mining in Datong Mining Area 作 者 陈现辉 导 师 刘长友 教授 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 矿山压力及其控制 答辩委员会主席 牟宗龙 评 阅 人 二○一五年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生 陈现辉 在规定的学习年限内， 按照研究生培养方案的 要求，完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成本学 位论文，经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同，论 文撰写格式符合学校的相关规定， 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送 专家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 万方数据 致谢致谢 Acknowledgments 岁月如梭，如歌。转眼间，三年的研究生求学生活即将结束，站在毕业的门 槛上，回首往昔，奋斗和辛劳成为丝丝的记忆，甜美与欢笑也都尘埃落定。矿业 大学以其优良的学习风气、 严谨的科研氛围教我求学， 以其博大包容的情怀胸襟、 浪漫充实的校园生活育我成人。 值此毕业论文完成之际， 我谨向所有关心、 爱护、 帮助我的人们表示最诚挚的感谢。 首先感谢导师刘长友教授， 本文是在刘老师的悉心指导和亲切关怀下完成的， 从论文选题、研究思路、研究方法的确定到论文的研究和写作，都凝聚了刘老师 的大量心血。三年的学习和研究期间，刘老师严谨的作风、广博的知识、敏捷的 思维和谦虚的品格以及始终如一的敬业精神让我受益匪浅，令人肃然起敬，而且 必将对我今后的做人、做事产生深远的影响。值此论文完成之际，谨向刘老师致 以深深的敬意和衷心的感谢同时，感谢鲁岩副教授、杨培举副教授、吴锋锋讲 师在论文完成过程中对我的帮助。 其次，感谢一同学习的师兄弟，三年的学习过程中，杨敬轩、张宁波、郭卫 彬、李建伟等师兄教会我很多东西，路鑫、赵占全、吴睿、刘建伟、陈宝宝、王 瑞军、 杨玉亮、 石磊、 宫亚强、 孙航、 蒋作涵等好友在生活及学习上给我的帮助， 还有师弟张晋、翟天宇、黄斌、邱教剑、王京龙等在实验过程中提供的帮助，感 谢你们，愿友谊长存。 感谢父母，是你们的无私付出，让我走到今天， “焉得谖草，言树之背，养 育之恩，无以回报” ，惟有一路前行，不负所期。 感谢研究生院和矿业工程学院的老师给予的无微不至的关怀和指导。 感谢各位专家在百忙之中评审本论文，并殷切期望得到您的指正和赐教。 陈现辉 2015 年 5 月 万方数据 I 摘要摘要 大同矿区双系煤层开采条件下坚硬顶板大面积悬露突然垮断时， 易造成工作 面矿压显现加剧，来压强度大，严重影响工作面正常生产，威胁井下人员的生命 安全，因此，研究大同矿区双系煤层开采顶板大范围运动规律及顶板结构失稳条 件， 对于坚硬顶板条件下工作面矿压显现规律及顶板控制具有重要的现实意义和 理论价值。 采用物理相似模拟及计算机数值计算的方法， 研究了双系煤层开采过程中覆 岩破断结构特征及应力场、位移场的分布规律。研究表明，侏罗系遗留煤柱影响 深度约 63m，水平影响区域范围为 3540m，最大应力集中系数为 3.14，石炭系 综放煤层下位坚硬直接顶呈不同步垮落失稳，上位关键层初次断裂步距较大，且 主关键层的失稳导致双系煤层采空区贯通，覆岩顶板结构渐次向上扩展，结构形 态为“下位组合悬臂梁结构-上位多层砌体梁结构” ，该结构作为石炭系煤层覆岩 顶板中的骨架，对工作面矿压显现起到决定性作用。 通过理论分析，对顶板结构的渐次扩展范围进行判定，分析不同结构形式下 其失稳的力学条件及失稳方式，并结合同忻煤矿 8101 工作面实际生产条件，对 现场矿压显现规律进行实测，结果显示，工作面下位坚硬顶板初次来压步距约 106m左右， 上位亚关键层初次来压步距为133.5m， 工作面周期来压步距约17m， 来压强度呈一强一弱周期性交替显现， 强弱周期性交替来压与下位坚硬直接顶及 上位亚关键层的周期性破断一致，该矿压显现规律与 “渐次扩展结构”失稳运 动的理论分析相吻合。 研究结果对大同矿区石炭系煤层开采矿压显现规律及支架 选型具有指导意义及理论价值。 该论文共有图 51 幅，表 10 个，参考文献 86 篇。 关键词关键词大同矿区；坚硬顶板；渐次扩展结构；失稳条件；矿压规律 万方数据 II AbstractAbstract It is easy to cause the increase of strata behaviors and seriously affect the normal production on the working face when a large area of hard roof suddenly caving under the conditions of Jurassic and Carboniferous coal mining in Datong Mining area, so the study of the law of motion and structure instability conditions of a wide range coal roof at the Jurassic and Carboniferous mining in Datong mining area have a important practical significance and theoretical value on strata behaviors law and the control of hard roof. Use the of physical similarity and numerical simulation, study the roof structure characteristics and law of the stress field, displacement field on the process of coal mining. The research shows that the affected depth is about 63m, the level of influence range is 3540m, the maximum stress concentration factor is 3.14 of the coal pillar remaining in the Jurassic, it is not synchronous collapse instability of the lower hard immediate roof on the fully mechanized top coal caving coal seam at the Carboniferous, primary fracture length of the main roof is large, and the main roof instability resulting in goaf through of the Jurassic and Carboniferous, roof structure gradually expand for upward, the “lower composite cantilever beam-upper multi story masonry”, this structure as skeleton of the roof in the Carboniferous coal seam, and play a decisive role on the working face strata behaviors. Through theoretical analysis, determine the roof gradually expand scope, analyze the instability conditions and modes of different structures, and combined with actual production conditions of 8101 working face in Tongxin coal mine, measured the behavior law of mine pressure, the results shows that the first weighting step of lower hard roof and upper sub-main roof is 106m and 133.5m respectively, periodic weighting step distance is about 17m of the working face, Compressive strength is strong and weak appear periodically, the strength of periodic alternating are consist of lower hard roof and upper sub main roof breaking, this pressure appearance law is consistent with the theory analysis of “gradual expansion structures” unstable motion. The results of the study have a guiding significance and theoretical value for the law of pressure behaviors and support selection of the Carboniferous coal seam in Datong mining area. The paper consists of 51 figures, 10 tables, 86 references. Keywords Datong mining area; Hard roof; gradual expansion structures; Instability 万方数据 III conditions; Law of pressure behaviors 万方数据 IV 目录目录 摘要摘要 ............................................................................................................................... I 目录目录 ............................................................................................................................ IV 图清单图清单 ..................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 ........................................................................................................................ XI 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景及意义..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状..................................................................................................... 3 1.3 主要研究内容......................................................................................................... 8 1.4 研究的技术路线..................................................................................................... 9 2 双系煤层开采覆岩运动规律及结构特征的物理模拟研究双系煤层开采覆岩运动规律及结构特征的物理模拟研究 ................................. 10 2.1 物理模拟实验目的及方案................................................................................... 10 2.2 双系煤层开采覆岩破断结构特征及运动规律................................................... 15 2.3 双系煤层开采顶底板应力场演化规律............................................................... 25 2.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 28 3 大同矿区双系煤层开采覆岩应力场分布规律大同矿区双系煤层开采覆岩应力场分布规律 ..................................................... 30 3.1 数值计算模拟目的............................................................................................... 30 3.2 数值计算模型的建立........................................................................................... 30 3.3 双系煤层开采覆岩应力分布规律分析............................................................... 32 3.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 40 4 双系煤层开采覆岩破断失稳结构模型及稳定性分析双系煤层开采覆岩破断失稳结构模型及稳定性分析 ......................................... 41 4.1 覆岩顶板结构模型的提出及特征....................................................................... 41 4.2 顶板结构特征及稳定性分析............................................................................... 42 4.3 实例分析............................................................................................................... 50 4.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 52 5 现场矿压显现规律分析现场矿压显现规律分析 ......................................................................................... 53 5.1 同忻煤矿 8101 工作面地质条件......................................................................... 53 5.2 矿压观测方案....................................................................................................... 55 5.3 矿压观测结果及分析........................................................................................... 56 5.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 61 万方数据 V 6 主要结论主要结论 ................................................................................................................. 62 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 64 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 69 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 70 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 71 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ..................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables .............................................................................................................. XI 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background and Significance ................................................................... 1 1.2 Research status at home and abroad ........................................................................ 3 1.3 Main Research Contents .......................................................................................... 8 1.4 Techniques of Research ........................................................................................... 9 2 Physical Similar Simulation Research on the Law of Motion and Structure Characteristics of the Jurassic and Carboniferous Mining ................................... 10 2.1 Geological conditions of the coal seam in Jurassic and Carboniferous at Datong mining area................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Purpose and Programs of the Physical Similar Simulation Research .................... 10 2.3 Law of Motion and Structure Characteristics of the Roof in Jurassic and Carboniferous Coal Mine ............................................................................................. 15 2.4 Roof and Floor Stress Field Evolution the Jurassic and Carboniferous Coal Mining .......................................................................................................................... 25 2.5 Summary ................................................................................................................ 28 3 Distribution of Overlying Rock Stress Field when the Jurassic and Carboniferous Coal Mining in Datong Mining Area .............................................. 30 3.1 Purposes of the numerical simulation .................................................................... 30 3.2 The establishment of numerical simulation ........................................................... 30 3.3 Analysis of the stress distribution when the Jurassic and Carboniferous coal mining .......................................................................................................................... 32 3.4 Summary ................................................................................................................ 40 4 Analysis of the Roof Model and Stability when the Jurassic and Carboniferous Coal Mining ................................................................................................................ 41 4.1 Proposed and structure characteristics of overlying rock roof model .................... 41 4.2 Analysis of the model features and stability .......................................................... 42 4.3 The example analysis ............................................................................................. 50 万方数据 VII 4.4 Summary ................................................................................................................ 52 5 Analysis of the Law of the Mine Pressure Appearance ....................................... 53 5.1 Geological conditions of 8101 working face in Tongxin coal mine ...................... 53 5.2 Program of the mine pressure observation ............................................................. 55 5.3 Analysis of the mine pressure observation results ................................................. 56 5.4 Summary ................................................................................................................ 61 6 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 62 References ................................................................................................................... 64 Author Resume ........................................................................................................... 69 Declaration of Thesis ................................................................................................. 70 Thesis Data Collection ............................................................................................... 71 万方数据 VIII 图清单图清单 List of Figures 图序号 图名称 页码 图 1-1 研究技术路线图 9 Figure1-1 The Technical Route Map of the Research 9 图 2-1 模型示意图 14 Figure 2-1 Diagram of the model 14 图 2-2 测点布置及模型尺寸示意图 14 Figure 2-2 Arrangement of measuring points and the size of the mode l 14 图 2-3 12煤层泥岩直接顶初次垮落 15 Figure 2-3 Mudstone direct roof first weighting of the 12 Coal seam 15 图 2-4 12煤层老顶初次断裂失稳 16 Figure 2-4 Main roof first weighting of the 12 Coal seam 16 图 2-5 细砂岩顶板初次垮落 16 Figure 2-5 First weighting of the fine sandstone 16 图 2-6 14煤层顶板初次垮落 16 Figure 2-6 Roof first weighting of the 14 Coal seam 16 图 2-7 14煤层过煤柱时顶板破断特征 17 Figure 2-7 Roof breaking characteristics of 14 coal seam when face under the pillar 17 图 2-8 15煤层工作面过煤柱时顶板破断结构特征 18 Figure 2-8 Roof breaking characteristics of 15 coal seam when face under the pillar 18 图 2-9 3-5煤层炭质泥岩直接顶初次垮落 19