城郊矿深部煤巷顶板稳定性分类及控制对策研究.pdf
硕士学位论文 城郊矿深部煤巷顶板稳定性分类 及控制对策研究 The Stability Classification of Deep Coal Roadway Roof and the Study of Control Strategies in Chengjiao Coal Mine 作 者陈 曦 导 师高明仕 教授 中国矿业大学 二 O 一五年四月 江苏省“青蓝工程”资助项目(JSQL20140207) “天山学者”资助项目(TSS20150105) 江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目PAPD 万方数据 中图分类号 TD353 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 城郊矿深部煤巷顶板稳定性分类 及控制对策研究 The Stability Classification of Deep Coal Roadway Roof and the Study of Control Strategies in Chengjiao Coal Mine 作 者 陈 曦 导 师 高明仕 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 矿山压力与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 方新秋 评 阅 人 二○一五年四月 万方数据 中图分类号 TD353 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 城郊矿深部煤巷顶板稳定性分类 及控制对策研究 The Stability Classification of Deep Coal Roadway Roof and the Study of Control Strategies in Chengjiao Coal Mine 作 者 陈 曦 导 师 高明仕 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 矿山压力与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 方新秋 评 阅 人 二○一五年四月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一, 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权,即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版,可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文;②为教学和 科研目的,学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外,根据有关法规,同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 (保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书) 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生 陈曦 在规定的学习年限内,按照研究生培养方案的要 求,完成了研究生课程的学习,成绩合格;在我的指导下完成本学位 论文,经审阅,论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同,论文 撰写格式符合学校的相关规定, 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送专 家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 万方数据 致谢致谢 矿大求学七年,时至今日,研究生生涯即将结束,感慨万千。 首先我要感谢我最尊敬的导师高明仕教授。在导师的悉心指导和不断勉励 下,我学到了一定的专业知识。导师高尚的人格、渊博的学识、严谨求实的治学 态度和对学生孜孜不倦的教诲使我从心灵深处得到启迪,将终身受益。还记得高 老师经常教导我们,要认真做事,把每件事做到最好。现在回想起来,高老师对 我们的教导是那么的正确,学生一定终生铭记高老师的教诲,好好做人,认真做 事。本论文是在导师的悉心指导下完成的,从论文选题、研究方案的制定、现场 工业性试验到论文的写作,都得到了导师高老师全方位的指导和培养,凝聚着导 师极大的心血,值此论文完成之际,在此向导师致以崇高的敬意和衷心的感谢。 感谢师兄王龙龙硕士、王涛硕士、李玉龙硕士、张青山硕士、闫振超硕士、 荆向明硕士、刘伟杰硕士、王浩硕士,同级赵一超硕士、卢全体硕士、张宇舵硕 士、刘一博硕士、王海川硕士、曹长江硕士,以及各位师弟在论文的撰写、排版 和装订等方面花费了大量的精力。 在城郊煤矿现场试验时,矿领导、生产科相关技术人员给予了我许多帮助, 公司相关领导在工作上的帮助以及科研上的启发令人如沐春风, 在此向他们表示 衷心的感谢。 特别感谢母亲对我的支持和帮助,她是我十多年求学路上的坚强后盾,她对 我无私的爱与照顾是我不断前进的动力。 最后,感谢各位专家、教授在百忙之中评审本论文,期望得到更多的指导。 万方数据 I 摘 要 摘 要 城郊煤矿逐渐进入深部开拓和开采阶段,开采深度大,地压增大。由于煤层 成煤过程中的地质及环境变化的影响, 煤层顶板岩层的岩性及岩层结构往往在同 一层位的同一巷道中变化频繁,掘进一条巷道就要遇到多种类型的顶板。所以在 进行顶板支护时,采用一套支护参数的话,会使有些区域的支护强度过大,造成 资源的浪费;而另外一些区域的支护强度不够,存在冒顶安全隐患,这两种结果 都不是理想的。本论文通过城郊矿深部煤巷顶板总体地质特征的分析研究,对深 部煤巷顶板稳定性进行分类,选择合理的支护方案。论文研究取得以下成果 1)分析了城郊矿总体地质构造及深部煤巷顶板组成结构特征,得出了影响 深部煤巷顶板稳定性的主要因素,包括顶板岩性差异、岩层组合方式、胶结类型、 层理(断层)发育程度及类型等,并且发现了煤巷顶板的关键岩梁承载结构对煤 巷顶板的稳定性起着决定性作用。 2)通过分析城郊矿深部煤巷顶板围岩地应力、煤岩物理力学性质测定结果 及巷道煤层赋存柱状图,确定了自稳岩层极限跨距指数、自稳岩层距巷道顶板的 距离、顶板不安全因子三个分类指标。 3)通过五个典型巷道顶板分类指标级别的确定,经过组合整理得出其顶板 稳定性类别,将城郊矿深部煤巷顶板稳定性分为五个级别非常难支护型、难支 护型、中等难度型、较容易支护型和容易支护型。 4)针对四、五级难支护型顶板,提出了梯次支护技术原理,分析了梯次强 化承载梁结构的形成及其力学机理, 得到了城郊矿深部煤巷顶板稳定性控制的关 键技术,即采用“四高”性能锚杆、高预紧力让压锚索和锚索梁实现对巷道顶板 的梯次支护,维护巷道围岩的稳定性。 5) 21105 上巷于 2014 年 4 月开始施工, 经过 2 个月的现场施工, 完成了 450m 的试验巷段施工任务。经过近一年的现场巷道表面位移观测,巷道表面位移量最 大发生在通尺 747m 处,巷道左帮最大移近量为 57mm,巷道右帮最大移近量为 59mm,巷道顶板最大移近量为 61mm。在测站 5 处,前 12 天未出现离层,12 天后开始出现顶板离层,为锚杆锚固范围外离层,最大离层量为 7mm。巷道整 体支护较好。 该论文有图 44 幅,表 16 个,参考文献 72 篇。 关键词关键词深部煤巷;煤巷顶板稳定性分类;分类指标;支护对策;现场应用 万方数据 II Abstract At Chengjiao Coal Mine, the mining activity goes deeper. The mining depth are gradually largened with larger ground pressure. Because of the influence of geological and environmental changes in the process of coal, the lithology and rock stratum structure of coal seam roof rock strata change frequently in same layer of the same tunnel, and leading to the strength、roof thickness and relative position of composition of roof often change greatly. Excavating a tunnel will encount a variety types of roof. Using a kind of support parameter will let the support strength is too large In some areas, resulting in the waste of resources, or it is not enough, existing Security risks of roof fall in the roof support. The two results are not desirable. According to the analysis and research of all geological characteristics of deep coal roadway roof in Chengjiao Coal Mine, the paper classifies the deep coal roadway roof stability, choosing a reasonable supporting scheme. The paper obtains the following results First of all, analysising the overall geological structure and the deep coal roadway roof structure of Chengjiao Coal Mine. Obtaining the main influencing factors of deep coal roadway roof stability, it includes the roof rock difference, strata combination mode, cement type, The development degree and type of bedding fault. And founding the key rock beam bearing structure of coal roadway roof plays a decisive role on the stability of coal roadway roof. Secondly, through the analysis of the deep coal roadway roof surrounding rock stress, the determination results of physical and mechanical properties of coal or rock and the roadway of coal seam occurrence histogram, determining the steady rock limit span index, the stability of roadway roof strata from the distance and the roof unsafety factor is the three classification index. Third, by determining the five typical roadway roof classification index level, finishing the combination of roof stability classification, the roof stability of deep coal roadway of Chengjiao Coal Mine is divided into five levels very difficult to support type, hard supporting type, medium difficulty type, easily supportingtype and easy type support. Fourth, for the four or five level roof type, forwarding the echelon support technology principle, analysising the ation and mechanism of the echelon strengthening bearing beam structure,getting the key technology of deep coal roadway 万方数据 III roof stability control in Chengjiao Coal Mine. Using “four high“ perance bolt, high preload pressure cable and anchor beam Maintain the stability of roadway. Fifth, 21105 lane roadway start construction in 2014 April, after two months of construction site, completing 450m test road construction task. After the roadway surface displacement observation about nearly a year, we find the maximum amount of roadway surface displacement occurred in the 747m, the left maximum deation amount is 57mm, the right maximum deation amount is 59mm, the roadway roof maximum deation amount is 61mm. The roadway roof is ont separation before 12 days, but it began to appear roof separation after 12 days. The separation occurs outside the scope of the anchor, the maximum separation volume is 7mm. The whole roadway supporting is well. This thesis data includes 44 Figure s, 16 tables and 72 references. Keywords deep coal roadway; Classification of coal roadway roof stability; classification index; supporting countermeasure; field application 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要............................................................................................................................ I 目目 录录......................................................................................................................... IV 图清单图清单...................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单......................................................................................................................... XI 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................... XII 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究背景及意义 ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 研究内容及方法 ..................................................................................................... 7 2 城郊矿总体地质构造及深部煤巷顶板组成结构特征城郊矿总体地质构造及深部煤巷顶板组成结构特征 ........................................... 9 2.1 城郊矿总体地质构造 ............................................................................................. 9 2.2 深部煤巷顶板组成结构特征 ............................................................................... 14 2.3 关键岩梁承载结构 ............................................................................................... 15 2.4 小结 ....................................................................................................................... 17 3 城郊矿深部煤巷顶板稳定性分类城郊矿深部煤巷顶板稳定性分类 ......................................................................... 18 3.1 城郊矿深部煤巷顶板稳定性分类指标的确定 ................................................... 18 3.2 城郊矿深部煤巷顶板稳定性分类指标的分级 ................................................... 18 3.3 城郊矿深部煤巷顶板稳定性分类 ....................................................................... 26 3.4 小结 ....................................................................................................................... 27 4 城郊矿深部煤巷顶板稳定性控制对策城郊矿深部煤巷顶板稳定性控制对策 ................................................................. 29 4.1 城郊矿深部煤巷顶板稳定性控制对策 ............................................................... 29 4.2 梯次支护技术原理 ............................................................................................... 29 4.3 城郊矿深部煤巷顶板控制的关键技术 ............................................................... 38 4.4 小结 ....................................................................................................................... 41 5 典型巷道现场试验典型巷道现场试验 ................................................................................................. 43 5.1 巷道地质条件 ....................................................................................................... 43 5.2 巷道顶板分类 ....................................................................................................... 48 5.3 巷道支护方案 ....................................................................................................... 49 5.4 矿压观测 ............................................................................................................... 54 万方数据 V 5.5 巷道维护效果 ....................................................................................................... 59 5.6 经济及社会效益分析 ........................................................................................... 61 5.7 小结 ....................................................................................................................... 63 6 结论结论.......................................................................................................................... 64 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 66 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 70 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 71 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 72 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ..................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures ........................................................................................................... VII List of Tables .............................................................................................................. XI List of Variables ........................................................................................................ XII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project Background and Significance ...................................................................... 1 1.2 Situation of Study..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Research Contents and s .............................................................................. 7 2 The Overall Geological Structure and Structure Features of Deep Coal Roadway Roof in Chengjiao Mine .............................................................................. 9 2.1 The Overall Geological Structure ............................................................................ 9 2.2 The Structure Features of Deep Coal Roadway Roof ............................................ 14 2.3 Key Rock Beam Bearing Structure ........................................................................ 15 2.4 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 17 3 Stability Classification of Deep Coal Roadway Roof in Chengjiao Mine .......... 18 3.1 The Determine of Classification Index of Roof Stability in Chengjiao Mine ....... 18 3.2 The Classification of Roof Stability Index in Chengjiao Mine.............................. 18 3.3 Stability Classification of Deep Coal Roadway Roof in Chengjiao Mine ............. 26 3.4 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 27 4 Stability Control Measures of Deep Coal Roadway Roof in Chengjiao Mine ... 29 4.1 Stability Control Measures of Deep Coal Roadway Roof in Chengjiao Mine ...... 29 4.2 Echelon Support Technology Principle .................................................................. 29 4.3 The key Technology of Deep Coal Roadway Roof Control in Chengjiao Mine ... 38 4.4 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 41 5 Typical Roadway Field Test ................................................................................... 43 5.1 Mine Geological Conditions .................................................................................. 43 5.2 Roadway Roof Classification ................................................................................ 48 5.3 Roadway Support Scheme ..................................................................................... 49 万方数据 VII 5.4 Ground Pressure Observation ................................................................................ 54 5.5 Results of Roadway Maintenance .......................................................................... 59 5.6 Economic and Social Benefit Analysis .................................................................. 61 5.7 Chapter Summary ..........................................................................................