渗水泥化巷道失稳机理与安全控制对策.pdf

江苏省基础研究计划面上研究项目（BK20141130） 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助（2014QNB27） 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目 硕士学位论文 渗水泥化巷道 失稳机理与安全控制对策 Seepage Argillaceous Roadway Instability Mechanism and Safety Control Measures 作 者蒋作函 导 师李桂臣 副教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一五年五月 万方数据 中图分类号 TD324 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 渗水泥化巷道 失稳机理与安全控制对策 Seepage Argillaceous Roadway Instability Mechanism and Safety Control Measures 作 者 蒋作函 导 师 李桂臣副教授 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 巷道围岩控制 答辩委员会主席 陆菜平 评 阅 人 阚甲广、丁允杰 二○一五年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生 在规定的学习年限内， 按照研究生培养方案 的要求，完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成本 学位论文,经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同， 论文撰写格式符合学校的相关规定， 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文 送专家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 万方数据 致致 谢谢 论文是在导师李桂臣副教授的悉心指导和大力支持下完成的， 从研究的思路 到具体实施，都凝聚着导师的心血。导师渊博的知识、严谨的学术作风、豁达宽 容的胸怀时刻感染着我，谦虚的高贵品质永远鞭策着我不断前进。导师前瞻性的 战略思想与创新精神以及个人的勤奋与严谨的作风是永远值得我学习的。 值此论 文完成之际，特向恩师表示深深的敬意和最诚挚的谢意，祝愿李老师身体健康、 阖家幸福 本论文的顺利完成，得到了张农教授、许兴亮副教授、郑西贵副教授、阚甲 广副教授及冯晓巍博士、卫英豪硕士、刘娜硕士、孟幻硕士等课题组兄弟的鼎力 协助，他们为本论文提供了许多宝贵的建议和帮助，特别是在实验室试验、资料 整理等过程中给予作者大力的帮助和指导，三年的研究生生活弥足珍贵，此生难 忘，在此向他们表示由衷心的感谢。 感谢矿业工程学院、煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室、采矿系的各位老 师、领导的关怀和指导。 感谢朱仙庄煤矿的领导、工程技术人员及现场施工、监测人员，在项目立项 与现场实践中给予作者大力支持和积极配合。 感谢我的父亲母亲，感谢他们的养育之恩。 感谢所有帮助、关心和支持我的同学和朋友们 最后，向百忙之中审阅本文和参加论文答辩的各位专家、教授致谢，并恳请 指正 蒋作函 2015 年 5 月于矿大南湖图书馆 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 本文针对淮北矿区高应力、围岩松散破碎、泥质岩性、受水影响显著等复杂 地质条件下的渗水泥化巷道围岩稳定控制技术难题开展了深入研究， 通过深入细 致的工程地质调研，结合实验室试验、分子模拟及数值计算，分析了高承压水侵 入巷道失稳原因，揭示了浸水泥岩泥化流变演化规律，得到了渗水泥化巷道失稳 机理，研发了适用泥化巷道围岩控制的安全控制对策，研究成果如下 （1）通过深入细致的现场调研，发现巷道是在泥质软岩、地板承压水及各 种应力扰动的共同作用下出现围岩泥化流变，最终导致巷道渗流失稳，其失稳变 形本质上是围岩渗流场、应力场、损伤场三者相互耦合的结果，而渗流水对围岩 的侵蚀是巷道变形破坏的关键因素。 （2）通过扫描电镜与 X 射线衍射仪对典型泥岩的微观结构与物质组成进行 分析， 并借助 Materials Studio （简称 MS） 软件建立了蒙脱石的双晶胞结构模型， 揭示了蒙脱石吸附水分子形成 1、2、3 层饱和水分子层的水化过程，结合蒙脱石 型泥岩不同浸水程度的微观结构变化，研究了随着粘土矿物水化程度加强，泥岩 微观颗粒脱落、裂隙增加，致使泥岩在宏观上出现泥化流变破坏现象的过程。 （3）运用 MS 软件 forcite 模块对吸附 1、2、3 层饱和水分子层的蒙脱石模 型进行分子能量优化，发现蒙脱石分子模型多面体结构发生不规则变化，模型总 能量大幅度下降，形成能量最小化结构体系，致使泥岩力学性能降低直至丧失力 学强度，直接导致了泥岩微观结构发生破坏，最终形成无强度的泥化混合物。 （4）采用数值模拟手段研究了渗水泥化巷道位移变化规律，发现泥化巷道 开挖后迅速发生变形，顶底板及两帮移近量达到 1500mm，巷道净断面面积缩小 50，泥化围岩根本无法维持巷道稳定。 （5）针对渗水泥化巷道失稳机理，制定一套疏水降压、强化围岩及构造高 强度支护体系的安全控制对策，其本质在于疏导承压水的基础上，置换原有的泥 化围岩为混凝土墙体，并配以注浆手段不断提高泥岩自身整体强度和稳定性，从 而构建多喷浆层、高度密贴岩面的强韧封层结构，形成巷道支护圈体。 （6）在淮北矿区朱仙庄煤矿Ⅱ水平皮带机大巷开展了渗水泥化巷道治理的 验证研究和工业性试验，巷道维控效果良好，表明控制技术选用得当，有效保证 了巷道的正常使用，取得了良好的经济与社会效益。 该论文有图 50 幅，表 6 个，参考文献 90 篇。 关键词关键词泥化巷道；分子模拟；泥化流变；失稳机理；强韧封层 万方数据 II Abstract Because of the highly stress, loosed and politic surrounding rock and easily water affected etc., complicated geological conditions, roadway in Huaibei mining area is water seepaged and politic. This article aims at a further study of surrounding rock stability control problem. By intensive engineering geology survey, lab test, molecular simulation and numerical calculation, this article analysis the reason the confined water seepages in the unstable roadway, reveales the evolution rule, get the mechanism of the water seepaged and politic roadway loosing the stability and develop the control measures. The research achievements are as listed below 1 Intensive site surveys find that the roadway surrounding rock become flowing deation and argillization under the combined action among argillaceous soft rock, confined water and stress disturbance. This makes the roadway water seepaged and unstable. Essentially, the instability and deation is result of combined action of ock seepage field, stress field and damage field. However, the vadose water erosion is the key factor for deation of the roadway 2 By scanning electron microscopy, the analysis on typical mudstone micro structure and material composition through X - ray diffraction and double cell structure model of smectite established with the help of Materials Studio MS software , this article shows a hydration process in which the smectite adopts water molecules and becomes 1, 2, 3 layers of water saturated molecular layer. As the the hydration of clay and mineral serious, more and more micro particles fall off and fractures appear. This macroscopically result to the flowing deation and argillization of the rock. 3 The test uses the Forcite set in MS software to make the molecular ernergy optimization model of smectite to find irregular variation in the polyhedron structure of smectite molecular model. At the same time, the model’s total energy is greatly reduced and s the minimization of energy structure, resulting the mud rock’s loss of mechanical strength. This is the direct cause of the break in mud rock’s micro structure. Finally, it becomes the no strength- argillization mixture. 4 The test studies the change rule of displacement in permeable mud roadway by numerical simulation. We found that the roadway de rapidly after excavation; the roof baseplate and the two sidewalls move between reaches 1500mm; the roadway’s net sectional area reduced 50. The argillizated surrounding rock cannot keep the roadway’s stability at all. 万方数据 III 5 Aiming at the instability mechanism of the permeable mud roadway, this paper ulates a set of safety control countermeasure by dewatering, depressurization intensifying the surrounding rock and strengthening supporting. Its essence is based on the guidance of confined water to replace the original mud rock for concrete wall.With grouting and continuously improving the overall’s strength and stability of mudstone, it build tough a much whitewashing-seal structure and highly paste the rock, which becomes a roadway support circle system. 6 The Level II horizontal belt roadway in Huaibei Area Zhuxianzhuang Coal Mine carried out validation research and industrial test about the governance of water seepaged and politic roadway. The effective result indicates the governance is proper. This ensures the normal uses of the roadway and gets perfect economic and social benefits. The paper has 50 figures, 6 tables and 90 reference together Keywords muddy roadway; molecular simulation; mud flow; failure mechanism; strengthening seal 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘要摘要 ............................................................................................................................... I 目录目录 ............................................................................................................................ IV 图清单图清单 ..................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 ........................................................................................................................ XI 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究意义................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 存在的主要问题................................................................................................... 11 1.4 研究内容及研究方法........................................................................................... 11 2 渗水泥化巷道失稳特征及原因分析渗水泥化巷道失稳特征及原因分析 ..................................................................... 13 2.1 实验巷道工程背景............................................................................................... 13 2.2 渗水巷道泥化失稳原因分析............................................................................... 15 2.3 本章小结............................................................................................................... 19 3 浸水泥岩流变演化规律研究浸水泥岩流变演化规律研究 ................................................................................. 20 3.1 天然泥岩微观结构测试分析............................................................................... 20 3.2 蒙脱石型泥岩泥化过程模拟............................................................................... 25 3.3 本章小结............................................................................................................... 30 4 渗水巷道泥化失稳机理研究渗水巷道泥化失稳机理研究 ................................................................................. 32 4.1 蒙脱石结构能量优化........................................................................................... 32 4.2 泥化围岩巷道失稳模拟....................................................................................... 34 4.3 本章小结............................................................................................................... 37 5 泥化巷道安全控制对策泥化巷道安全控制对策 ......................................................................................... 39 5.1 疏水泄压............................................................................................................... 39 5.2 围岩强化............................................................................................................... 41 5.3 构建高强度支护体系........................................................................................... 44 5.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 45 6 工业性试验工业性试验 ............................................................................................................. 46 6.1 支护思路............................................................................................................... 46 6.2 技术方案............................................................................................................... 46 6.3 矿压观测方案及效果........................................................................................... 51 万方数据 V 6.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 53 7 结论结论 ......................................................................................................................... 54 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 56 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 61 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 62 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 63 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ..................................................................................................................... VI List of figures .......................................................................................................... VIII List of tables............................................................................................................... XI 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Significance.............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Current research ....................................................................................................... 2 1.3 The main problems ................................................................................................ 11 1.4 Contents and s ............................................................................................ 11 2 Cement infiltration of roadway characteristics and causes of instability .......... 13 2.1 Experimental roadway engineering background ................................................... 13 2.2 Seepage tunnel mudding Stability Failure ............................................................. 15 2.3 Summary ................................................................................................................ 19 3 Flooding shale rheological law of evolution .......................................................... 20 3.1 Natural shale microstructure test analysis .............................................................. 20 3.2 Smectite clay shale process simulation .................................................................. 25 3.3 Summary ................................................................................................................ 30 4 Mechanism of mud muddy roadway ..................................................................... 32 4.1 Smectite structure energy optimization ................................................................. 32 4.2 Mudding surrounding rock instability simulation.................................................. 34 4.3 Summary ................................................................................................................ 37 5 Mudding Roadway Safety Control Measures ...................................................... 39 5.1 Hydrophobic relief ................................................................................................. 39 5.2 Rock consolidation................................................................................................. 41 5.3 Strengthen the supporting structure ....................................................................... 44 5.4 Summary ................................................................................................................ 45 6 Engineering Practice ............................................................................................... 46 6.1 Supporting ideas..................................................................................................... 46 6.2 Technical solutions ................................................................................................ 46 万方数据 VII 6.3 Mine pressure observation program and results .................................................... 51 6.4 Summary ................................................................................................................ 53 7 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 54 Reference .................................................................................................................... 56 Author Resume........................................................................................................... 61 Declaratio