特殊围岩房柱应力与变形规律及合理结构参数的研究.pdf
硕士学位论文硕士学位论文 特殊围岩房柱应力与变形规律及合理结构特殊围岩房柱应力与变形规律及合理结构 参数的研究参数的研究 Room-and-Pillar Stress, Deation and Reasonable Structure Parameters in Special Surrounding Rock 作作者赵者赵斌斌 导导师宋宏伟师宋宏伟 教授教授 中国矿业大学中国矿业大学 二二○○一四年五月一四年五月 万方数据 中图分类号TU457学校代码10290 UDC624.1密级公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 特殊围岩房柱应力与变形规律及合理结构参数的 研究 Room-and-Pillar Stress, Deation and Reasonable Structure Parameters in Special Surrounding Rock 作者赵斌导师 宋宏伟(教授、博导) 申请学位工学硕士学位培养单位 力学与建筑工程学院 学科专业 防灾减灾工程及防护工程研究方向地下工程稳定性 答辩委员会主席评 阅 人 二○一四年五月 万方数据 108 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明所呈交的学位论文特殊围岩房柱应力与变形规律及合理结 构参数的研究 ,是本人在导师指导下,在中国矿业大学攻读学位期间进行的研 究工作所取得的成果。据我所知,除文中已经标明引用的内容外,本论文不包含 任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。 对本文的研究做出贡献的个 人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本 人承担。 学位论文作者签名 年月日 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一, 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权,即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版,可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文;②为教学和 科研目的,学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外,根据有关法规,同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 (保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书) 。 作者签名导师签名 年月日年月日 万方数据 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生赵 斌在规定的学习年限内,按照研究生培养方案的 要求,完成了研究生课程的学习,成绩合格;在我的指导下完成本学 位论文,经审阅,论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同, 论 文撰写格式符合学校的相关规定, 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送 专家评审。 导师签字 年月日 万方数据 致谢致谢 本文是在导师宋宏伟教授的悉心指导下完成的。从论文的选题、研究内容的 确定至论文的写作、修改、定稿,无不倾注着导师大量的心血和智慧,没有导师 的点拨、指路、鞭策和启迪,论文是不可能得以顺利完成的。恩师严谨的治学态 度,严格的教学理念,踏实的工作作风,忘我的工作精神给学生树立起潜移默化 的典范作用,这也是导师传授给学生最宝贵的财富。在此谨向导师表示最衷心的 感谢。 衷心感谢刘刚老师、李元海老师在论文选题过程中给予的指导 感谢本课题组博士段艳燕、周玉及硕士孙坚、顿苗苗、杨旭、秦帅、王春苗、 王天春、闫磊、田帅、熊珍珍、陈斌、袁鹏、敖芃、蒋玉波、田骥、刘辉在我研 究生三年学习与生活中的帮助, 与你们在一起的点点滴滴, 是我人生难忘的回忆。 感谢室友和同学周檀君、毛冰、孙雷、刘先观、何旭、马奔、韩晓丽等, 感 谢他们伴随我度过这难忘的三年,愿他们在以后的人生道路中生活愉快、一切顺 利 最感谢的是我的父母、家人,是他们多年来始终如一、毫无怨言地支持我, 鼓励我,给我前进的力量,这是我得以顺利完成学业的前提和保证 感谢各位专家、老师在百忙之中对论文的审阅和指教。 万方数据 I 摘摘要要 房柱采矿法具有建井工期短、投资少、适用于较复杂地质条件等优点,其结构 参数的研究是一个很重要的课题,结构参数不合理会导致采场失稳而发生灾变等问 题。在煤矿、石膏矿等常规矿体中,房柱开采的研究较多,而对特殊矿体中房柱的 应力、变形以及结构参数的研究很少,没有可以借鉴的经验。 本文以一个特殊矿体采矿工程为依托,通过理论分析、数值模拟等手段,结合 松动圈和压力拱理论,对采矿房柱的应力和变形规律进行了深入研究,根据采空区 房柱的应力和变形特点,提出了特殊矿体采场的合理房柱结构参数建议,具体研究 内容包括以下几个方面 (1)通过数值模拟,分析了在特殊矿体房柱法开采时采场的应力与变形规律, 可知矿房的开挖只对同一排房柱的稳定性影响较大,中间房柱的稳定性最差。 (2)采用正交试验安排,通过数值模拟分析了埋深、矿房宽度、矿房高度以及 矿房长度影响因素对房柱稳定性的影响。分析可知矿房顶板沉降与四个因素均相关, 矿房顶部松动圈厚度主要取决于矿房宽度,矿柱竖向应力集中系数主要取决于矿房 高度和宽度,并得到了各影响因素的回归公式。 (3)采用数值模拟,通过松动圈稳定性评价标准和矿柱破坏机理,分析了不同 间排距下矿房顶部松动圈厚度和矿柱应力的变化规律,进而提出了合理矿房间距为 7m、排距为 6m 的建议。并通过分析采场总矿房数量的变化对房柱稳定性的影响可 知采场总矿房数量的变化对矿柱稳定性影响较大,对矿房稳定性影响较小。 (4)进一步分析了双层房柱采空区的应力与变形规律,提出了矿柱为完全重叠、 一半重叠、不重叠时对应的合理隔层厚度值分别为 8m、10m、14m 的建议。并分析 了矿柱重叠率对采空区稳定性的影响,可知矿柱重叠率越高,采空区越稳定。在此 基础上,又分析了多层房柱的应力和变形特点,得到最底层房柱稳定性最差的结论。 (5)根据研究所得的结论,提出了某一特殊矿体的合理采场结构参数建议。 该论文有图 91 幅,表 21 个,参考文献 102 篇。 关键词关键词特殊矿体;房柱法;房柱应力和变形;矿房间排距;隔层厚度 万方数据 II Abstract Room-and-pillar has many advantages such as short well construction period, less investment, suitable to complicated geological conditions and so on. Its structure parameters research is a very important subject,the unreasonable structural parameters will lead to the unstability problem of stope. There are many studies on the stress, deation and structure parameters in the coal,gypsum mine and other conventional ore,but we have no experience on the special rock ore. This paper based on a special ore mining project,thorough researched the stress and deation of bord and pillar with the theory of broken rock zone and the view of pressure arch. Reasonable structure parameters is proposed and the main research contents are as follows 1 Through the numerical simulation, analysis the stress and deation of bord and pillar when mining, the excavation only affect the stability of the same row of bord and pillars, and the stability of middle bord and pillar is the worst. 2 By orthogonal test, analysis the influence of the buried depth, bord width, bord height and bord length on the stability of bord and pillar. We get the conclusion that bord roof subsidence is related with four factors, broken rock zone thickness mainly depends on bord width, and pillar vertical stress concentration factor mainly depends on bord height and width, and get the regression function of the influence factors. 3 Through the theory of broken rock zone and pillar failure mechanism, analysis the variation of broken rock zone thickness and pillar vertical stress concentration by different pillar size, the reasonable pillar size are 7m and 6m. Then, analysis the effect on stope stability from bord numbers, we can know the change of bord number mainly affect the stability of pillar. 4 Further, analysis the stress and deation law of double bord and pillar, we can know the reasonable interlayer thickness are 8m, 10m, 14m for different pillar overlapping rate. The pillar overlapping rate higher mined-out area more stable. Then, analysis the stress and deation law for layers of bord and pillar, wen can know the stability of bottom bord and pillar is the worst. 5 Put forward reasonable structure parameters for a special ore according to the research conclusions. Keywords special ore; room-and-pillar ; stress and deation of bord and pillar; pillar size; interlayer thickness 万方数据 III 目目录录 摘要摘要......................................................................................................................................I 目录目录...................................................................................................................................III 图清单图清单..............................................................................................................................VII 表清单表清单............................................................................................................................XIII 变量注释表变量注释表......................................................................................................................XV 1 绪论绪论...................................................................................................................................1 1.1 问题的提出....................................................................................................................1 1.2 研究目的意义................................................................................................................2 1.3 研究发展现状................................................................................................................3 1.4 论文主要研究内容、方法与技术路线......................................................................12 2 特殊围岩房柱的应力、变形规律和稳定性分析特殊围岩房柱的应力、变形规律和稳定性分析........................................................ 14 2.1 概述..............................................................................................................................14 2.2 数值模型设计..............................................................................................................14 2.3 房柱的应力、变形规律分析......................................................................................17 2.4 房柱稳定性的分析......................................................................................................25 2.5 本章小结......................................................................................................................25 3 房柱稳定的各种影响因素的数值模拟分析房柱稳定的各种影响因素的数值模拟分析................................................................ 27 3.1 概述..............................................................................................................................27 3.2 数值模型的建立..........................................................................................................27 3.3 数值模拟结果分析......................................................................................................29 3.4 各种影响因素对模拟量的回归公式研究..................................................................44 3.5 本章小结......................................................................................................................49 4 房柱稳定性的分析与合理矿房间排距的建议房柱稳定性的分析与合理矿房间排距的建议............................................................ 51 4.1 概述..............................................................................................................................51 4.2 矿柱破坏模式及机理..................................................................................................51 4.3 矿房稳定性评价方法..................................................................................................53 4.4 数值模拟方案..............................................................................................................54 4.5 方案结果分析..............................................................................................................56 4.6 更多矿房的房柱稳定性趋势分析..............................................................................69 万方数据 IV 4.7 本章小结......................................................................................................................72 5 分层房柱的稳定性分析和合理隔层厚度的建议分层房柱的稳定性分析和合理隔层厚度的建议........................................................ 73 5.1 概述..............................................................................................................................73 5.2 双层房柱合理隔层厚度分析......................................................................................73 5.3 多层房柱的应力和变形规律分析..............................................................................84 5.4 本章小结......................................................................................................................92 6 某特殊矿体房柱合理结构参数建议某特殊矿体房柱合理结构参数建议............................................................................ 93 6.1 工程概况......................................................................................................................93 6.2 工程地质情况..............................................................................................................93 6.3 采场房柱合理结构参数分析......................................................................................94 6.4 本章小结......................................................................................................................99 7 结论与展望结论与展望...................................................................................................................100 7.1 主要结论....................................................................................................................100 7.2 展望............................................................................................................................100 参考文献参考文献..........................................................................................................................102 作者简历作者简历..........................................................................................................................107 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明..................................................................................................... 108 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集..............................................................................................................109 万方数据 V Contents Abstract...............................................................................................................................I Contents............................................................................................................................III List of Figures.................................................................................................................VII List of Tables.................................................................................................................XIII List of Variables..............................................................................................................XV 1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................1 1.1 Raise Question...............................................................................................................1 1.2 Research Purpose and Significance............................................................................... 2 1.3 Situation of Study...........................................................................................................3 1.4 Main Contents and Technical Route of the Thesis.......................................................12 2 Stress, Deation and StabilityAnalysis of Bord and Pillar in Special Surrounding Rock............................................................................................................14 2.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................14 2.2 Simulation Model Design............................................................................................14 2.3 Stress and Deation Analysis of Bord and Pillar ................................................. 17 2.4 StabilityAnalysis of Bord and Pillar............................................................................25 2.5 Summary......................................................................................................................25 3 Numerical SimulationAnalysis of Influence Factors on Bord and Pillar Stability ............................................................................................................................................27 3.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................27 3.2 Establish Numerical Models........................................................................................27 3.3 ResultsAnalysis of Numerical Simulation.................................................................. 29 3.4 Regression ula of the Influence Factors..............................................................44 3.5 Summary......................................................................................................................49 4 StabilityAnalysis of Bord and Pillar and Reasonable Pillar Size Recommendations ............................................................................................................................................51 4.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................51 4.2 Pillar Failure Mode and Mechanism............................................................................51 4.3 Stability uation of Bord...........................................................................53 万方数据 VI 4.4 Numerical Simulation Program................................................................................... 54 4.5 ResultsAnalysis of Program........................................................................................56 4.6 Stability TrendAnalysis for More Bord.......................................................................69 4.7 Summary......................................................................................................................72 5 Reasonable Interlayer Thickness Recommendations and Stability Analysis of Multilayer Bord and Pillar..............................................................................................