乌海矿区回采巷道围岩稳定性分类及其控制.pdf

国家自然科学基金项目（51474208） 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目 硕士学位论文 乌海矿区回采巷道围岩稳定性分类 及其控制 Study on Stability Classification of Mining Roadway Surrounding Rock and Its Control in Wuhai Mining Area 作 者王琦 导 师李学华 中国矿业大学 二○一五年五月 万方数据 中图分类号 TD3 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 乌海矿区回采巷道围岩稳定性分类 及其控制 Study on Stability Classification of Mining Roadway Surrounding Rock and Its Control in Wuhai Mining Area 作 者 王 琦 导 师 李学华 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 矿山压力及其控制 答辩委员会主席 评 阅 人 二○一五年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一，学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生 王琦 在规定的学习年限内，按照研究生培养方案的 要求，完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成本学 位论文,经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同，论文 撰写格式符合学校的相关规定，同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送专 家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 万方数据 致致 谢谢 三年的研究生生涯即将落下帷幕，在此离别之际，回顾过去的点点滴滴，心 中感慨万千。离开家乡来到矿大求学已经将近七年，从怀揣梦想、满腔热情地踏 入校园，经过七年的打磨历练，洗去了身上的青涩与浮华，如今我已经能够自信 的告别校园迈向新的人生旅程，这离不开那些曾经引导、帮助和鼓励过我的人。 首先，能够取得今日的成绩离不开恩师李学华教授的指导，在我对专业方向 选择感到迷茫的时候，李老师为我指点迷津，使我明确了前进的方向；在工作学 习上李老师以身作则、言传身教，渊博的学识让我受益良多；生活中李老师和蔼 可亲、平易近人，当我遇到困难和疑惑时给予了我无微不至的关怀和帮助。 同时，还要感谢瞿群迪副教授和姚强岭副教授在硕士学习期间对我的指导和 帮助，在学习上两位老师给予了我细致的指导，使我完成了从本科到研究生阶段 学习思路的转变，与两位老师一起出差的经历也让我学会了许多为人处事的道理。 从论文选题到完成，要感谢三位老师给予的悉心指导，他们对论文写作思路 和写作方法上存在的问题提出了宝贵的意见，让我能够不断地进行完善。 感谢同窗好友孙玉亮、周健、张有乾以及所有师兄弟在学习和生活中对我的 支持和帮助，使我在课题组感受到了如家庭般的温暖。 当然最需要感谢的是我的父母，从我出生直至今日他们一直默默地奉献，在 我求学的道路上始终在我的背后为我遮风挡雨，毫无保留地付出一切，给予了我 源源不断的前行动力。 感谢论文中所引用文献的作者，谨向他们付出的辛勤劳动表示深深的敬意 最后，感谢各位专家和教授在百忙之中评审本文，衷心希望得到您的指导和 帮助。 王琦 2015.5 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 巷道围岩稳定性分类是从工程应用的角度出发，通过对巷道围岩的岩体强度、 岩体完整性、岩体结构等条件综合分析，确定巷道围岩的稳定性级别，目的是为 巷道支护设计提供依据。影响巷道围岩稳定性的指标有很多，各指标之间还存在 相互联系，而且部分定性指标难以定量描述，造成指标选取有一定的主观性和不 确定性，合理分类指标的选取是决定巷道围岩稳定性分类效果的关键。本文从巷 道顶板结构角度入手，在此之上综合其他影响因素，在乌海矿区开展了回采巷道 围岩稳定性分类及其控制技术研究。 通过现场调研发现，乌海矿区回采巷道支护形式主要为锚杆支护，不同矿区 不同主采煤层的巷道支护现状差别较大，综合分析认为巷道围岩稳定性主要与顶 板稳定性有关。根据煤层地层年代、煤田和矿区地理位置分布，对主采煤层进行 了初步分类。 在主采煤层初步分类的基础之上，采用理论分析方法，对主采地层的沉积环 境和成煤模式进行研究，可以识别出两种主要的聚煤沉积环境。根据成煤沉积环 境的变化可以得到三种不同的顶板结构类型，据此将调研主采煤层的顶板结构进 行分类，并对各类顶板结构的稳定性进行分析。 运用 UDEC 数值计算方法，选取稳定岩层距煤层距离和含软弱夹层数两个指 标对顶板结构的稳定性进行研究，得到当顶板稳定岩层距煤层距离和含软弱夹层 数改变时，巷道围岩的塑性区范围、顶板层间滑动范围和顶板离层发育深度的变 化规律，为顶板结构稳定性指标的量化分析提供了依据。 根据矿井地质资料、物理力学性质测试结果，选取稳定岩层距顶板的距离、 含软弱夹层数、岩石单轴抗压强度、直接顶厚度与采高比值和直接顶板初次垮落 步距 5 个指标，通过数学方法对各指标进行量化处理，最终得到回采巷道的围岩 稳定性分类。 根据现场支护现状调研，结合顶板结构和围岩稳定性分类结果，分析不同顶 板结构巷道的变形破坏机理，并提出相应的围岩控制技术方案。最后，在利民煤 矿和老石旦煤矿开展了矿压规律观测工作，观测结果表明顶板结构对巷道围岩控 制技术起着重要作用，通过优化支护方案巷道围岩控制效果较好。 本论文有图 30 幅，表 24 个，参考文献 78 篇。 关键词关键词顶板结构；沉积环境；围岩稳定性分类；UDEC；围岩控制 万方数据 II Abstract The stability classification of roadway surrounding rock of is from the view of engineering application. Through a comprehensive analysis of the roadway surrounding rock strength, rock mass integrity, rock mass structure and other conditions, to determine the stability level of surrounding rock. The purpose is to offer a basis for the design of roadway support. There are a lot of indicators affecting the stability of the roadway surrounding rock, and mutual connection exists between the indicators. Some qualitative indicators are sometimes difficult to quantitatively describe, so the selection of indicators has some subjectivity and uncertainty. To select a group of reasonable indicators is the key to the classification effect of roadway surrounding rock stability. Therefore, on the basis of roof structure and other comprehensive factors, this article research on the stability classification of roadway surrounding rock and its control technology in Wuhai mining area. The field survey shows that in Wuhai mining area the roadway is mainly using bolt support. There are great differences in supporting situation among different mining areas. The stability of roadway surrounding rock mainly depends on the stability of roof. According to the stratigraphic age of coal seams, geographic distribution of coal fields and mining areas, the primary coal seams are preliminarily classified. On the basis of preliminary classification of the primary coal seams, using theoretical analysis to research the sedimentary environment and coal-ing pattern of the primary coal seams, and obtaining two kinds of coal depositional environment. According to the change of coal-ing sedimentary environment, three different types of roof structure can be identified. Then, attempts are made to classify the roof structure of the investigated primary coal seams. Additionally, the stability of the roof with various structures is analyzed. Using the UDEC numerical calculation , this paper selects two indicators to investigate the stability of the roof with various structures, the distance of the roof stable strata to the coal seam and the number of the interlayers within the roof. With the changes of the above two indicators, the changing characteristics of the interface sliding sphere and bed separation development depth are derived, offering a basis for the quantitative analysis of the stability indicators for the roof structure. According to the geological data of coal mine and the physical and the results of mechanical properties test, five indicators are chosen, the distance of the roof stable strata to the coal seam, the number of the interlayers within the roof, uniaxial 万方数据 III compressive strength of rock sample, the ratio of immediate roof thickness to mining height and initial caving interval of the immediate roof. Each indicator is quantified by mathematics . Finally the stability classification of roadway surrounding rock is derived. According to the supporting situation acquired by field survey, combined with roof structure and stability classification result of roadways, an analysis of the deation and destruction mechanism of roadway with different roof structure is conducted. And corresponding surrounding rock control technology is put forward. Finally, observation of the law of ground pressure is pered in Limin and Laoshidan coal mine. The observation results show that the roof structure plays an important part in surrounding rock control technology of roadway, and through optimization of support scheme the surrounding rock control effect is improved. There are 30 figures, 24 tables and 78 references in this paper. Key words Roof Structure; Sedimentary Environment; Stability Classification of Surrounding Rock; UDEC; Surrounding Rock Control 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ............................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ............................................................................................................................ IV 图清单图清单 ............................................................................................................................ VI 表清单表清单 ......................................................................................................................... VIII 变量注释表变量注释表 ...................................................................................................................... X 1 绪论绪论 .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 研究背景与意义 ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状综述 ............................................................................................... 2 1.3 研究内容和方法 ...................................................................................................... 11 2 乌海矿区乌海矿区主采煤层巷道工程地质特征及支护主采煤层巷道工程地质特征及支护 ........................................................ 13 2.1 工程地质特征 ......................................................................................................... 13 2.2 主采煤层回采巷道现状调研及分析 ..................................................................... 14 2.3 煤岩样物理力学性质测试 ..................................................................................... 18 2.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................................. 21 3 乌海矿区主采煤层顶板结构及稳定性研究乌海矿区主采煤层顶板结构及稳定性研究 ............................................................ 22 3.1 主采煤层初步分类 ................................................................................................. 22 3.2 煤层顶板沉积环境分析 ......................................................................................... 26 3.3 煤层顶板结构及其稳定性 ..................................................................................... 30 3.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................................. 31 4 回采巷道围岩稳定性分类回采巷道围岩稳定性分类 ........................................................................................ 32 4.1 顶板结构稳定性指标研究 ..................................................................................... 32 4.2 顶板结构稳定性数值计算研究 ............................................................................. 36 4.3 回采巷道围岩稳定性分类 ..................................................................................... 42 4.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................................. 45 5 基于稳定性分类的围岩控制技术研究基于稳定性分类的围岩控制技术研究 .................................................................... 46 5.1 回采巷道变形破坏规律分析 ................................................................................. 46 5.2 巷道支护效果 ......................................................................................................... 50 5.3 本章小结 ................................................................................................................. 52 6 主要结论主要结论 .................................................................................................................... 53 参考文献参考文献 ........................................................................................................................ 54 作者简历作者简历 ........................................................................................................................ 58 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 .................................................................................................... 59 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ............................................................................................................ 60 万方数据 V Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................... II Contents .......................................................................................................................... V List of Figures ................................................................................................................ VI List of tables ............................................................................................................... VIII List of Variables ............................................................................................................. X 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Research Background and Significance ..................................................................... 1 1.2 Overview on Present Research Situation .................................................................... 2 1.3 Research Contents and s ............................................................................... 11 2 Engineering Geoglogical Characteristics and Support of Primary Coal Seam Roadway in Wuhai Mining Area ................................................................................. 13 2.1 Engineering Geological Characteristics .................................................................... 13 2.2 Investigation and Analysis on the Situation of Mining Roadways in Primary Coal Seam ................................................................................................................................ 14 2.3 Laboratory Test on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Coal and Rock Samples ........................................................................................................................................ 18 2.4 Brief Summary .......................................................................................................... 21 3 Research on Structure and Stability of Primary Coal Seam Roof in Wuhai Mining Area ................................................................................................................... 22 3.1 Preliminary Classification of Primary Coal Seam .................................................... 22 3.2 Analysis on Sedimentary Environment of Coal Seam Roof ..................................... 26 3.3 Structure and Stability of Coal Seam Roof ............................................................... 30 3.4 Brief Summary .......................................................................................................... 31 4 Surrounding Rock Stability Classification of Mining Roadway ........................... 32 4.1 Study on Stability Indicators of Roof Structure ........................................................ 32 4.2 Numerical Computation Study on Roof Structure Stability ..................................... 36 4.3 Stability Classification of Mining Roadway Surrounding Rock .............................. 42 4.4 Brief Summary .......................................................................................................... 45 5 Study on Surrounding Rock Control Technology Based on Its Stability Classification ................................................................................................................. 46 5.1 Analysis on Deation and Faliure Law of Mining Roadway .............................. 46 5.2 Supporting Effect of Mining Roadway ..................................................................... 50 5.3 Brief Summary .......................................................................................................... 52 6 Main Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 53 References ...................................................................................................................... 54 Author’s Resume ........................................................................................................... 58 Declaration of Thesis Originality ................................................................................ 59 Dissertation Data Collection .............................