浅埋深厚煤层综放工作面矿压显现规律及支架适应性研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 浅埋深厚煤层综放工作面矿压显现规律及 支架适应性研究 Study on Strata-pressure Behavior and Adaptability of Support of Shallow Thick Seam Sub-level Caving Mining Working Face 作 者吴 睿 导 师刘 长 友 教授 中国矿业大学 二○一五年五月 中国矿业大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（2014ZDPY21） 万方数据 中图分类号 TD8 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文硕士学位论文 浅埋深厚煤层综放工作面矿压显现规律 及支架适应性研究 Study on Strata-pressure Behavior and Adaptability of Support of Shallow Thick Seam Sub-level Caving Mining Working Face 作 者 吴 睿 导 师 刘长友 教授 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 矿山压力及其控制 答辩委员会主席 评 阅 人 二〇一五年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生 吴 睿 在规定的学习年限内， 按照研究生培养方案的 要求，完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成本学 位论文，经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同，论 文撰写格式符合学校的相关规定， 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送 专家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 万方数据 致致 谢谢 本文是在敬爱的导师 刘长友 教授的悉心指导和亲切关怀下完成的。 从论文 选题、研究思路、研究方法的确定到论文的研究和写作，甚至每一字一句都凝聚 了导师的大量心血。三年的学习和研究期间，导师严谨的作风、广博的知识、敏 捷的思维和谦虚的品格以及始终如一的敬业精神使学生受益匪浅，令人肃然起 敬。 不论从学业方面、生活方面还是为人处世我都从导师身上学到了无比珍贵的 知识和经验。俗话说一日为师，终身为父，值此论文完成之际，谨向导师刘长友 教授致以最深刻的敬意和最衷心的感谢 感谢家人对自己研究生学习所给予的无尽的支持和无私的奉献 感谢矿业工程学院殷实老师，对作者的学业、工作和生活给予了最悉心的照 料和最殷切的指导，在此向殷实老师表示诚挚的谢意 感谢鲁岩副教授、杨培举副教授、吴锋锋讲师在论文写作中给予的指导和帮 助；感谢李建伟师兄在论文的写作过程中帮助作者开拓研究思路，精心点拨、热 忱指导、指点迷津，并且时刻督促我在学业不上不得放松，保持警觉；感谢感谢 郭卫彬师兄、杨敬轩师兄、张宁波师兄、李西蒙师兄、刘长郄师兄等在论文完成 过程中给予的支持和帮助；感谢陈现辉、路鑫、赵占全、陈宝宝、刘建伟、王京 龙等其他师兄弟在研究生期间中给予的支持和帮助 三年研究生生活中， 矿业工程学院和研究生院的有关领导和老师给予了作者 无微不至的关怀和指导。在此向他们表示衷心的感谢 在论文的完成过程中，串草圪旦煤矿的领导和工程技术人员给予了大力支 持，在此表示衷心的感谢。 最后，感谢各位专家、教授在百忙中评审论文，并期待得到更多的指正和启 迪。 吴 睿 2015 年 5 月 万方数据 I 摘要摘要 本文以串草圪旦煤矿 6104 工作面典型的浅埋厚煤层综放开采煤岩层地质赋 存条件为背景，运用理论分析、数值模拟和现场实测相结合的方法，对浅埋深厚 煤层综放开采覆岩赋存特征、活动规律，覆岩的破断失稳特征与支护阻力以及工 作面矿压显现规律与支架适应性等进行了研究。 首先，根据串草圪旦煤矿 6104 工作面生产技术条件及 6煤层赋存特征，对 6煤层开采基岩层及覆盖层赋存特征进行了分析，初步确定串草圪旦煤矿 6煤 层开采覆岩基载比介于 0.561.09 之间。 其次，通过理论计算，得出浅埋深厚煤层综放开采覆岩基载比为 1.0、0.75、 0.5 时，基本顶的初次来压步距分别为 37.05m、31.04m、27.25m；周期来压步距 分别为 15.13m、12.67m、11.12m。通过数值模拟，得出浅埋深厚煤层综放开采 矿压显现随基载比的减小、采高的增大而趋于剧烈。 再次，根据现场实测和模拟实验结果，对浅埋深厚煤层综放开采覆岩“台阶 岩梁”结构进行分析，确定 6104 工作面开采合理支护阻力并确定选用 ZZ13000/22/42 型支撑掩护式液压支架支护顶板。 最后，通过现场实测，得出 6104 工作面周期来压步距为 10.8m16.8m，平 均为 13.38m。且液压支架的初撑力能满足顶板的支护要求，工作阻力得到充分 利用，支架稳定性较好。保证了工作面的安全高效开采。 本论文有图 39 幅，表 10 个，参考文献 64 篇。 关键词关键词浅埋深；厚煤层综放开采；覆岩破断特征；矿压显现规律；支架适应性 万方数据 II Abstract Based on the typical geologic hosting condition of shallow thick seam in 6104 sub-level caving mining working face, this thesis analysed the occurrence characteristics and activity law of cover-rock of shallow thick seam, cover-rock’s broken instability characteristics and support resistance, strata-pressure behavior and adaptability of support by combining the theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field measurement. Firstly, according to the geological conditions and product technology of 6104 working face and occurrence characteristics of 6 coal seam, this thesis analyzed the occurrence characteristics of basement layer and overburden layer, initially identified the ratio of basement and loadings is between 0.56 and. 1.09 Secondly, by theoretical calculation, the first weighting length of basic roof is 37.05m, 31.04m and 27.25m, the periodic weighting length of basic roof is 15.13m, 12.67m and 11.12m when ratio of basement and loadings is 1.0, 0.75 and 0.5. By numerical simulation, when the ratio of basement and loadings is reducing or the mining height is increasing, overlying strata influences the working face more severely. Thirdly, according to the results of numerical simulation and field measurement, analyze the “step voussoir beam” structure of shallow thick seam’s sub-level caving mining, define the reasonable support resistance in 6104 working face and determine to choose ZZ13000/22/42 standing shield hydraulic support. Finally, by field measurement, the periodic weighting length in 6104 working face is between 10.8m and 16.8m, the average is 13.88m. The setting force of hydraulic supports in 6104 working face meet the requirements, working resistance is fully used and the stability of supports is great. So the safety and high efficiency mining is guaranteed. This thesis includes 39 figures, 10 tables and 64 references. Keywords shallow; thick seam’s sub-level caving mining; cover-rock’s broken characteristics; strata-pressure behavior; adaptability of support 万方数据 III 目录目录 摘要摘要 ............................................................................................................................... I 目录目录 ............................................................................................................................ III 图清单图清单 ....................................................................................................................... VII 表清单表清单 .......................................................................................................................... X 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 问题的提出与研究意义............................................ 1 1.2 相关文献综述.................................................... 1 1.3 主要研究内容.................................................... 9 1.4 研究方法和技术路线.............................................. 9 2 浅埋深厚煤层综放开采基岩层及覆盖层赋存特征分析浅埋深厚煤层综放开采基岩层及覆盖层赋存特征分析 ..................................... 11 2.1 工作面地质赋存条件............................................. 11 2.2 工作面生产技术条件............................................. 14 2.3 工作面承载关键层与地表覆盖层相对厚度关系....................... 14 2.4 本章小结....................................................... 19 3 浅埋深厚煤层综放开采覆岩活动规律研究浅埋深厚煤层综放开采覆岩活动规律研究 ......................................................... 20 3.1 工作面来压步距理论分析......................................... 20 3.2 浅埋深厚煤层综放开采覆岩活动规律的数值模拟研究................. 21 3.3 基载比对浅埋综放开采覆岩活动规律的影响......................... 23 3.4 采高对浅埋综放开采覆岩破断失稳特征影响......................... 27 3.5 本章小结....................................................... 30 4 浅埋深厚煤层综放开采覆岩浅埋深厚煤层综放开采覆岩失稳破断特征及支护参数确定失稳破断特征及支护参数确定 ............................. 31 4.1 浅埋深厚煤层综放开采基本顶破断特征分析......................... 31 4.2 基本顶来压期间顶板结构稳定性分析............................... 36 4.3 工作面开采支护阻力确定及支架的合理选型......................... 38 4.4 本章小结....................................................... 41 5 浅埋深厚煤层综放开采矿压显现规律及支架适应性分析浅埋深厚煤层综放开采矿压显现规律及支架适应性分析 ................................. 42 5.1 工作面矿压观测方案 ............................................. 42 5.2 工作面顶板活动规律............................................. 43 万方数据 IV 5.3 工作面液压支架承载特性分析 ..................................... 44 5.4 工作面液压支架运转特性分析..................................... 49 5.5 本章小结....................................................... 53 6 主要结论主要结论 ................................................................................................................. 54 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 56 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 60 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 61 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 62 万方数据 V ContentsContents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ....................................................................................................................... V List of Figures ........................................................................................................... VII List of Tables ................................................................................................................ X 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Presentation of Question and Meanings of Study .................................................... 1 1.2 Research Status ........................................................................................................ 1 1.3 Main Research Contents of Paper ............................................................................ 9 1.4 Technique of Study ................................................................................... 10 2 Analysis on Occurrence Characteristics of Basement Layer and Overburden Layer of Shallow Thick Seam’s Sub-level Caving Mining ..................................... 11 2.1 Working Face Geological Conditions .................................................................... 11 2.2 Working Face Production Technology Condition .................................................. 14 2.3 Relationship between Relative Thickness of Working Face Key Stratum and Surface Overburden Layer ........................................................................................... 14 2.4 Summary ................................................................................................................ 19 3 Study of Cover-rock Movement Law of Shallow Thick Seam’s Sub-level Caving Mining ......................................................................................................................... 20 3.1 Theoretical Analysis of Weighting Step ................................................................. 20 3.2 Numerical Simulation of Cover-rock Movement Law of Shallow Thick Seam’s Sub-level Caving Mining ............................................................................................. 21 3.3 Ratio of Basement and Loadings’ Influence on Cover-rock Movement Law of Shallow Seam’s Sub-level Caving Mining .................................................................. 23 3.4 Mining Heights’ Influence on Cover-rock Movement Law of Shallow Seam’s Sub-level Caving Mining ............................................................................................. 27 3.5 Summary ................................................................................................................ 30 4 Cover-rock’s Broken Instability Characteristics and Support Parameters’ Determine of Shallow Thick Seam’s Sub-level Caving Mining ............................. 31 4.1 Analysis on Broken Characteristics of Basic Roof of Shallow Thick Seam’s 万方数据 VI Sub-level Caving Mining ............................................................................................. 31 4.2 Analysis on Stability of Roof Structure during Basic Roof is Under Pressure ...... 36 4.3 Support Parameters’ Determine and Reasonable Support Selection ..................... 38 4.4 Summary ................................................................................................................ 41 5 Study on Strata-pressure Behavior and Adaptability of Support of Shallow Thick Seam’s Sub-level Caving Mining ................................................................... 42 5.1 Scheme of Ground Pressure Observation .............................................................. 42 5.2 Law of Roof Movement ......................................................................................... 43 5.3 Bearing Characteristics of Hydraulic Support in Mining Face .............................. 44 5.4 Operating Characteristic of Hydraulic Support in Mining Face ............................ 49 5.5 Summary ................................................................................................................ 53 6 Main Conclusions .................................................................................................... 54 References ................................................................................................................... 56 Author Resume ........................................................................................................... 60 Declaration of Thesis Originality ............................................................................. 61 Dissertation Date Collection...................................................................................... 62 万方数据 VII 图清单图清单 图序号 图名称 页码 图 2-1 工作面综合柱状图 12 Figure 2-1 The Comprehensive Column 12 图 2-2 岩层载荷计算图 15 Figure 2-2 The calculation of strata load 15 图 2-3 CH2、CH5、CH6 处工作面上覆岩层结构 18 Figure 2-3 The structure of overlying strata of working face at CH2, CH5 and CH6 18 图 3-1 网格划分图 22 Figure 3-1 Mesh Generation 22 图 3-2 基载比为 1.0 时工作面塑性区分布 23 Figure 3-2 Plastic zone distribution when ratio of basement and loadings is 1.0 23 图 3-3 基载比为 0.75 时工作面塑性区分布 23 Figure 3-3 Plastic zone distribution when ratio of basement and loadings is 0.75 23 图 3-4 基载比为 0.5 时工作面塑性区分布 24 Figure 3-4 Plastic zone distribution when ratio of basement and loadings is 0.5 24 图 3-5 塑性区大小与工作面回采距离的关系 24 Figure 3-5 Relationship between Plastic zone size and production process 24 图 3-6 不同基载比条件下工作面超前支承压力峰值变化图 25 Figure 3-6 Peak graph of lead abutment pressure under different ratio of basement and loadings 25 图 3-7 不同基载比条件下支承压力剧烈影响段距离变化图 26 Figure 3-7 Distance of violent section by lead abutment pressure under different ratio of basement and loadings 26 图 3-8 采高为 8m 时工作面塑性区分布 27 Figure 3-8 Plastic zone distribution when mining height is 8m 27 图 3-9 采高为 10m 时工作面塑性区分布 27 Figure 3-9 Plastic zone distribution when mining height is 10m 27 图 3-10 采高为 12m 时工作面塑性区分布 28 Figure 3-10 Plastic zone distribution when mining height is 12m 28 图 3-11 塑性区大小与工作面回采距离的关系 28 Figure 3-11 Relationship between Plastic Zone Size and Production Process 28 图 3-12 不同采高条件下工作面超前支承压力峰值变化图 29 Figure 3-12 Peak graph of lead abutment pressure under different mining heights 29 图 3-13 不同采高条件下支承压力剧烈影响段距离变化图 29 Figure 3-13 Distance of violent section by lead abutment pressure under different mining heights 29 图 4-1 基载比为 1.0 时基本顶的破断特征 31 Figure 4-1 The broken feature of basic roof when ratio of basement and loadings is 1.0 31 万方数据 VIII 图 4-2 基载比为 0.75 时基本顶的破断特征 32 Figure 4-2 The broken feature of basic roof when ratio of basement and loadings is 0.75 32 图 4-3 基载比为 0.5 时基本顶的破断特征 32 Figure 4-3 The broken feature of basic roof when ratio of basement and loadings is 0.5 32 图 4-4 不同基载比条件下基本顶破断形成“台阶岩梁”结构 33 Figure 4-4 The “step voussoir beam” structure of basic roof under different ratio of basement and loadings 33 图 4-5 基本顶“台阶岩梁”结构模型 33 Figer4-5 The “step voussoir beam” structure model of basi