考虑层间剪切特性复合顶板失稳机理及控制.pdf

江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目 国家自然科学基金项目51474208 硕士学位论文 考虑层间剪切特性复合顶板失稳机理及控制 Instability and Control Mechanism of Layered Compound Roof in Consideration of Shear Behavior of Bedding Plane 作 者张有乾 导 师李学华 教授 中国矿业大学 二○一五年五月 万方数据 中图分类号 TD3 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 考虑层间剪切特性复合顶板失稳机理及控制 Instability and Control Mechanism of Layered Compound Roof in Consideration of Shear Behavior of Bedding Plane 作 者 张有乾 导 师 李学华 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 矿山压力及其控制 答辩委员会主席 评 阅 人 二○一五年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一，学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生 张有乾 在规定的学习年限内，按照研究生培养方案的 要求，完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成本学位 论文，经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同，论文撰 写格式符合学校的相关规定，同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送专家评 审。 导师签字 年 月 日 万方数据 致致 谢谢 时光荏苒，三年的研究生生涯即将告一段落。回首三年的求学历程，对曾经引导 我、帮助我、激励我的人，心中充满了感激。 首先要感谢恩师李学华教授，从论文选题到定稿，倾注了李老师大量的心血。在 攻读硕士研究生期间，深受李老师教诲之恩，栽培之德，李老师渊博的学术修养和新 锐的科研态度，乐观向上的人生态度让我受益匪浅。师从李老师，倍感荣幸，在此谨 向李老师表示我最诚挚的敬意和感谢 在论文的完成期间，得到了瞿群迪副教授给予的许多帮助，并一直关心论文的进 展，在此表示由衷的感谢。尤其感谢姚强岭副教授在学习、生活中一直给予我的帮助 以及在论文写作过程中给我提供的学习思路与方法，使我感念至深。 感谢周健硕士、孙玉亮硕士、王琦硕士、实验室师兄弟在学习生活中的帮助。感 谢周健硕士在论文思路、数值分析，特别是三年来英语学习毫无保留的帮助。 需要特别感谢的是我的家人，父母的养育之恩无以为报，他们是我求学路上的坚 强后盾，我的每一点进步与成绩都离不开他们，他们对我无私的爱与照顾是我不断前 进的动力，感谢女友高伟丽女士在生活、学习中给予我的关怀、帮助和支持。 感谢论文中引用文献的作者，谨向他们付出的辛勤劳动表示深深的敬意 感谢各位专家和教授在百忙之中评审本文，衷心希望得到您的指导和帮助。 最后，感谢所有关心我、爱护我的亲人和朋友。 张有乾 2015.5 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 复合顶板巷道在煤矿中分布广泛，各岩层之间黏结力较弱甚至无黏结力，复合岩 层易离层、下沉甚至破坏，导致由下至上的分层冒落，复合顶板的支护是国内外巷道 支护的难题之一。复合顶板层理面是岩体中的薄弱部分，是影响岩体稳定的重要因素 之一。层理面抗剪强度参数的确定是复合顶板、岩质边坡稳定等问题分析关键问题。 因此，研究复合顶板层间剪切特性及考虑层间剪切特性的复合顶板控制有重要意义。 论文综合利用实验室实验、理论分析、数值计算等相结合的研究方法，考虑层间 剪切特性对复合顶板稳定性及其控制机理进行研究。首先，对节理面的粗糙度 JRC 进行了测定，并将节理面轮廓导入 PFC，在不同法向正应力作用下进行剪切实验，利 用最小二乘法线性回归求出节理面的内摩擦角。 对复合顶板的稳定性进行了力学分析， 根据组合梁分析得出通过增加层间剪切强度，可提高复合顶板的抗变形及破坏能力， 在层状复合顶板中引入了复合顶板关键层进行力学分析， 并在考虑层间剪应力的基础 上对推导出复合顶板关键层破断距， 提出复合顶板柔性控制层的概念并对其判定及对 顶板控制的作用进行了分析，最后利用 C语言在 Visual Studio 2005 平台进行了复合 顶板柔性控制层判别软件实现。 利用 UDEC 数值计算软件，对复合顶板中层理面参数（内摩擦角、内聚力、抗 拉强度等） 对复合顶板的稳定性影响进行了研究 随层理面内摩擦角和内聚力的增大， 巷道变形、裂隙发育、破坏范围逐渐变小；随内摩擦角和内聚力的增大，巷道变形对 两参数敏感性降低，改变顶板层理面抗拉强度对帮部和底板破坏范围影响不明显；巷 道顶板围岩的破坏形式主要以剪切破坏和拉破坏为主，且两种破坏多同时出现，巷道 帮部的破坏形式仍主要为剪切破坏和拉破坏， 帮部围岩的破坏形态呈现倒三角形分布， 底板破坏以拉破坏为主。顶板裂隙的发育总体规律为顶板裂隙发育可分为快速增长 阶段和平稳阶段，煤壁裂隙的生成过程中，存在明显的裂隙产生-裂隙闭合-裂隙持续 增长的三个阶段。 以老石旦煤矿为背景，对复合顶板支护机理和支护对策进行了研究分析。利用 UDEC 数值计算软件研究了锚杆的抗剪切作用效果， 锚杆的整体作用效果和锚索加强 支护效果。将围岩破坏演化规律总结为四个阶段，第一阶段为起始阶段，第二阶段破 坏往顶板深部发育，第三阶段帮部在顶板挤压作用下发生大量剪切和拉伸破坏，最后 一阶段顶底板破坏发育进入稳定阶段。通过统计不同形式破坏的接触长度（contact length）和总接触长度的比值比较巷道围岩不同区域的破坏形式。提出针对不同区域 顶板的破坏形式不同，应进行不同区域分区支护的策略。 本论文有图 67 幅，表 12 个，参考文献 72 篇。 关键词关键词复合顶板巷道；层面；节理面粗糙度；剪切特性；PFC2D；UDEC； 万方数据 II Abstract Roadways with compound layered roof have an extensive distribution in China. In view of low cohesion characteristic of bedding planes, compound roofs tend to suffer from roof strata separation, sagging and even roof failure, which results in layered caving from the bottom strata above. Thus, the support technology of compound layered roof is one of the toughest problems in roadway support. The bedding plane, as a fragile part in compound layered roof, rcises key influence on roof stability. The determination of shear strength of bedding plane is primary issue of the stability analysis of compound roof and side slope. Therefore, it is of great importance to conduct a research on shear behavior of compound layered roof. In this study, combining lab experiment, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation the stability and control mechanism are investigated in consideration of the shear behavior of bedding plane. Firstly, the joint roughness cohesion JRC is measured. Then, in order to represent the bedding plane and simulate its shear behavior the profiles of bedding plane are imported into PFC2D to create samples which shear tests are ted to under different normal stress. Finally, with linear regression analysis the internal friction angle of the joint is calculated. The mechanical analysis on the stability of compound layered roof is carried out. Based on built-up beam theory analysis, it is manifested that through increasing the bedding plane shear strength, the resistance to deation and failure is improved. The concept “Key Strata of Compound Layered RoofKSCLR”, one or several layers in overlying strata of roof playing control roll in roof stability, is introduced and mechanical analysis based on KSCLR theory is conducted. In consideration of shear stress, the KSCLR caving span is calculated. The concept “ Flexible Control StrataFCS” is proposed. The discrimination and its effect on stability of compound layered roof are analyzed. Finally, Software implementation of the discrimination of FCL is carried out on the plat of Visual Studio 2005 with the programming language of C. With UDEC numerical simulation software, the effect of bedding plane parameters internal friction angle, cohesion and tensile strength on the stability of compound layered roof is investigated. It is shown that with the increase of internal friction angle or cohesion, the deation of roadway surrounding rock, the number of fissures and failure zone decrease and parameter sensitivity in the deation of roadway surrounding rock decreases. The values of bedding plane tensile strength have no obvious impact on failure zone. The main failure modes of the roof are shear failure and tensile failure which tend to take place together. The failure zone, also dominated by shear and tensile failure, exhibits an inverted triangle distribution. Besides, the floor mainly suffers from tensile failure. The 万方数据 III roof fissure development process can be divided into two stages the rapidly growing stage and stabilization stage while that of the ribs can be divided into three stages fissure emergence, fissure closing and fissure re-growing stages. Taking Laoshidan coal mine as a research object, the support mechanism and countermeasures of compound layered roof are studied. The shear resistance of rock bolt, overall effect of rock bolt and the enforcement effect of anchor cable are investigated with UDEC numerical simulation software. The surrounding rock failure evolution regularity is summarized into four stages the first stage is failure emergence stage while at the second stage failure zone develop into deeper areas in the roof. After that, at the third stage, shear and tensile failure materialize substantially in the ribs resulted from the roof compression action. At the last stage, failure evolution enters the stabilization stage. Through statistical analysis of the ratio of contact length of different failure modes to total contact length, the main failure modes in different areas of the surrounding rocks are determined. Based on the failure modes in different areas, different support countermeasures are proposed. The paper contains 67 figures, 12 tables and 72 references. Key words Compound layered roof; bedding plane; joint roughness cohesion; shear behavior; PFC2D; UDEC； 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ............................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ............................................................................................................................ IV 图清单图清单 ......................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 .......................................................................................................................... XII 变量注释表变量注释表 ................................................................................................................. XIII 1 绪论绪论 .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 研究背景与意义 ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ....................................................................................................... 1 1.3 存在问题及其研究方法 ........................................................................................... 7 1.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................................... 8 2 节理面剪切特性研究节理面剪切特性研究 .................................................................................................. 9 2.1 试件制备 ................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 节理面粗糙度测定 ................................................................................................. 10 2.3 PFC 数值模拟 .......................................................................................................... 15 2.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................................. 18 3 考虑层间剪切特性复合顶板力学分析考虑层间剪切特性复合顶板力学分析 .................................................................... 19 3.1 层间剪切特性对复合顶板稳定性的影响 ............................................................. 19 3.2 考虑层间剪切特性复合顶板力学稳定性分析 ..................................................... 21 3.3 复合顶板柔性控制层判别软件实现 ...................................................................... 30 3.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................................. 32 4 层间剪切特性对顶板稳定性影响数值计算层间剪切特性对顶板稳定性影响数值计算 ............................................................ 34 4.1 数值分析软件 UDEC 简介及模型建立 ................................................................ 34 4.2 数值模拟结果分析 ................................................................................................. 35 4.3 本章小结 ................................................................................................................. 46 5 考虑剪切作用复合顶板支护措施研究考虑剪切作用复合顶板支护措施研究-以老石旦煤矿为例以老石旦煤矿为例 .................................. 48 5.1 工程概况 ................................................................................................................. 48 5.2 考虑剪切作用复合顶板支护措施研究 ................................................................. 48 5.3 16404 工作面巷道支护方案及效果分析 ............................................................... 61 5.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................................. 63 万方数据 V 6 主要结论主要结论 .................................................................................................................... 64 参考文献参考文献 ........................................................................................................................ 66 作者简历作者简历 ........................................................................................................................ 70 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 .................................................................................................... 71 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ............................................................................................................ 72 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................ I Contents ........................................................................................................................... V List of Figures ............................................................................................................ VIII List of Tables ............................................................................................................... XII List of Variables ......................................................................................................... XIII 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Research Background and Significance ..................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Status Home and Abroad ............................................................................ 1 1.3 Problems and s ............................................................................................... 7 1.4 Chapter Conclusion .................................................................................................... 7 2 Study on the Shear Behaviors of Joints ..................................................................... 9 2.1 Specimens Preparation ............................................................................................... 9 2.2 Measurement of Joint Roughness Coefficient .......................................................... 10 2.3 PFC Numerical Simulation ....................................................................................... 15 2.4 Chapter Conclusion .................................................................................................. 18 3 The Mechanical Analysis of Compound Layered Roof in Consideration of Bedding Plane’s Shear Behaviors ............................................................................................... 19 3.1 The Effect of Bedding Plane’s Shear Behaviors on the Stability of Compound Layered Roof ................................................................................................................................ 19 3.2 The Mechanical Stability Analysis of Compound Layered Roof in Consideration of Bedding Plane’s Shear Behaviors） ............................................................................... 21 3.3 Software Implementation of the Discrimination of FCL ......................................... 30 3.4 Chapter Conclusion .................................................................................................. 32 4 Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Bedding Plane’s Shear Behavior on Roof Stability .......................................................................................................................... 34 4.1 Brief Introduction to UDEC and the Model Building Process ................................. 34 4.2 Analysis of the Result of Numerical Simulation ...................................................... 35 4.3 Chapter Conclusion .................................................................................................. 46 5 Study on Support Measures of Compound Layered Roof in Consideration of 万方数据 VII Bedding Plane Shear Behaviors –Taking Laoshidan Coal Mine as an Instance .... 48 5.1 Engineering Situation ..........................................