厚煤层残煤复采长壁工作面煤岩稳定性研究.pdf

中国矿业大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金2014ZDPY21 国家自然科学基金资助项目51174192 江苏高校优势学科建设工程 硕士学位论文 厚煤层残煤复采长壁工作面 煤岩稳定性研究 Study on Coal and Rock Stability of Residual Coal Repeated Mining Longwall Working Face in Thick Coal Seam 作者路 鑫 导师杨培举 副教授 中国矿业大学 二○一五年五月 万方数据 中图分类号 TD8 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文硕士学位论文 厚煤层残煤复采长壁工作面 煤岩稳定性研究 Study on Coal and Rock Stability of Residual Coal Repeated Mining Longwall Working Face in Thick Coal Seam 作 者 路鑫 导 师 杨培举 副教授 申请学位 工学硕士学位 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 矿山压力及其控制 答辩委员会主席 牟宗龙 评 阅 人 二〇一五年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生 路鑫 在规定的学习年限内， 按照研究生培养方案的 要求，完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成本学 位论文，经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同，论 文撰写格式符合学校的相关规定， 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送 专家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 万方数据 致谢致谢 本论文是在导师 杨培举 副教授的精心指导下完成的，从论文的选题、思路 形成直到最后完成，每一个环节都凝结着导师的心血和智慧。三年来，导师高尚 的人格、渊博的学识和严谨求实的治学态度使我在生活和学习上受益良多，是我 几年研究生学习生涯的最大收获。值此论文完成之际，谨向导师致以崇高的敬意 和衷心的感谢。 论文选题和研究过程中得到了郭卫彬博士、李西蒙博士、赵占全硕士、陈宝 宝硕士和陈现辉硕士等人的指导， 在现场试验过程中得到了煤矿矿领导和工程技 术人员的大力支持和帮助，在此表示衷心的感谢。 衷心感谢本课题组各位老师和师兄弟在学业和生活上给我的支持和帮助 感谢我的家人和亲人，是他们多年来始终如一的理解、关怀和支持使我能够 专心于学习和研究，得以顺利完成研究生学业 感谢各位专家、教授在百忙之中评审我的论文，得到您们的指导和帮助。 最后，向给予我关心和帮助而未能在此一一提及的朋友、老师和同学致以诚 挚的谢意所有的感谢都将化作我在以后人生道路上勇往直前的动力，时刻提醒 我要再接再厉，百尺竿头，更进一步 路鑫 2015 年 5 月 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 由于新岭煤矿早期采用巷采等落后的采煤工艺，遗留了大量的残煤资源。 近年来随着新岭煤矿剩余储量逐渐较少，煤炭产能不断下降，残煤回收成为煤 炭生产的主要任务。但由于残煤复采工作面原始煤层遭到破坏，工作面存有大 量老巷和煤柱，使得工作面开采条件复杂，面临着老巷对顶板稳定性、矿压显 现规律、煤岩稳定性的影响及工作面支护等诸多技术问题需要解决。 本文以新岭煤矿残煤复采工作面地质条件为基础，采用理论分析、相似模 拟、数值模拟及现场实测等方法对残采工作面的支柱工作阻力及工作面煤岩的 稳定性进行了分析。通过理论计算得出了支柱的合理支护阻力及煤柱的失效宽 度；通过相似模拟实验研究了工作面前方有老巷时的煤岩体破坏规律及矿压显 现规律； 通过 udec 数值模拟软件分析了不同的采放比及不同的老巷间距对残采 工作面矿压显现和煤岩稳定性的影响；通过现场实测，研究分析了工作面超前 支承压力的分布规律、顶煤的运移规律及单体液压支柱的适应性。 研究分析得出工作面合理的支护阻力为 552kN/m2，煤柱的失效宽度为 1.92m；老巷造成工作面片帮冒顶严重；工作面采放比采用 12 时，可以有效减 弱工作面的矿压显现，有利于提高煤岩的稳定性；工作面在不同的老巷间距下 煤岩体有不同的破坏特征；现场实测总得出超前支承应力影响范围约为 30m， 峰值约 3.13MPa，工作面上方的冒空是导致支柱工作阻力偏小的主要原因。 本论文有图 56 幅，表 10 个，参考文献 75 篇。 关键词关键词厚煤层；残煤复采；煤岩稳定性；矿压显现；煤柱稳定性 万方数据 II Abstract Due to backward coal mining technology of Xinling coal mine early used, it left a large number of residual coal. In recent years, with the remaining reserves gradually less, coal production declined continuously, recovery of residual coal has become the main task of coal production. But because the original coal seam of residual coal repeated working face has been destroyed, there are lots of used roadways and coal pillars in working face, making mining conditions complicated, for example, the used roadways’ influence on roof stability, behavior law of mine pressure and coal rock stability and working face support and so on, these technical problems need to be solved. In this paper, based on the geological conditions of Xinling residual coal repeated working face, analysis working resistance of pillar and the stability of working face coal rock through theoretical analysis, similar simulation, numerical simulation and field test. To get the reasonable support resistance of pillar and the failure width of coal pillar through theoretical analysis. To analysis the failure law of coal rock and the behavior law of mine pressure through similar simulation. To analysis strata behaviors and the stability of coal rock with different caving ratio and used roadways spacing through udec. To analysis the distribution of lead abutment pressure, the movement law of top coal and the adaptability of single hydraulic prop. Research shows the reasonable working resistance of working face is 552kN/m2, the failure width of coal pillar is 1.92m, used roadways result in spalling and roof falling seriously. It can weaken strata behaviors and good for improving the stability of surrounding rock when caving ratio is 12. There are different coal rock failure characteristics under different used roadways spacing. The influence of lead abutment pressure is about 30m, the peak is about 3.13MPa, the main reason for the working resistance small is the roof above the working face falli. The paper included 56 figures, 10 tables and 75 references. Key words Thick coal seam; Residual coal repeated mining; The stability of coal and rock; Strata behaviors; The stability of coal pillar 万方数据 III 目目 录录 摘摘 要要............................................................................................................................ I 目目 录录......................................................................................................................... III 图清单图清单........................................................................................................................ VII 表清单表清单........................................................................................................................... X 1 绪论绪论 .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 提出的背景及意义 .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 研究现状 .................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 论文主要研究内容、方法及技术路线 .................................................................. 9 2 矿井概况及矿井概况及煤柱稳定性煤柱稳定性分析分析 ...................................................................................... 11 2.1 煤层地质条件 ........................................................................................................ 11 2.2 工作面生产技术条件 ............................................................................................ 12 2.3 支护阻力分析 ........................................................................................................ 13 2.4 煤柱稳定性分析 .................................................................................................... 18 2.5 本章小结 ................................................................................................................ 21 3 残采工作面煤岩残采工作面煤岩破坏规律相似模拟研究破坏规律相似模拟研究 ................................................................. 23 3.1 实验方案 ................................................................................................................ 23 3.2 煤岩体破坏规律分析 ............................................................................................ 26 3.3 本章小结 ................................................................................................................ 36 4 残采工作面煤岩破坏规律数值模拟研究残采工作面煤岩破坏规律数值模拟研究 ................................................................. 37 4.1 模拟方案 ................................................................................................................ 37 4.2 数值模拟结果分析 ................................................................................................ 39 4.3 本章小结 ................................................................................................................ 57 5 工作面工作面煤岩活动规律煤岩活动规律实测分析实测分析 .................................................................................. 59 5.1 超前支承压力分布规律研究 ................................................................................ 59 5.2 工作面顶煤运移规律与显现特征 ........................................................................ 60 5.3 单体液压支柱的承载特征及其适应性 ................................................................ 63 5.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................................ 66 6 主要结论主要结论 ....................................................................................................................... 67 万方数据 IV 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 69 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 73 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 74 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 75 万方数据 V Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ....................................................................................................................... V List of Figures ........................................................................................................... VII List of Tables ................................................................................................................ X 1 Introdution ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction of the Problem and Research Meaning ............................................... 1 1.2 Research Status ........................................................................................................ 3 1.3 The Main Research Contents,s and Technical Route .................................. 9 2 General Situation of Mine and The Analysis of Coal Pillar ................................ 11 2.1 Coal Seam Geology Conditions ............................................................................. 11 2.2 Working Face Production Technology Condition .................................................. 12 2.3 The Analysis of Support Resistance ..................................................................... 13 2.4 The Stability of Coal Pillar .................................................................................... 18 2.5 Summary ................................................................................................................ 21 3 Similarity Simulation Research on Coal and Rock Failure Law of Residual Coal Repeated Mining Working Face ...................................................................... 23 3.1 Experimental Scheme ............................................................................................ 23 3.2 Analysis of Coal and Rock Mass Failure Law ....................................................... 26 3.3 Summary ................................................................................................................ 36 4 Numerical Simulation Study on Coal and Rock Failure Law of Residual Coal Repeated Mining Working Face ............................................................................... 37 4.1 Simulation Scheme ................................................................................................ 37 4.2 The Results Analysis of Numerical Simulation ..................................................... 39 4.3 Summary ................................................................................................................ 57 5 Field Measurement Study on Coal and Rock Activity Law of Working Face ... 59 5.1 Study on Distribution Law of Lead Abutment Pressure ........................................ 59 5.2 Moving Law and Behavior Characteristics of the Roof in Working Face ............. 60 5.3 Bearing Characters and Adaptability of Single Hydraulic Prop ............................ 63 5.4 Summary ................................................................................................................ 66 万方数据 VI 6 Main Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 67 References ................................................................................................................... 69 Author Resume ........................................................................................................... 73 Declaration of Thesis Originality.............................................................................. 74 Dissertation Date Collection ...................................................................................... 75 万方数据 VII 图清单图清单 List of Figures 图序号 图名称 页码 图 1-1 技术路线图 10 Figure 1-1 Technology route diagram 10 图 2-1 南采区 21煤层内老巷（原回采工作面）分布 11 Figure 2-1 Used roadways（er working face）in south mining area of 21 coal seam 11 图 2-2 回采工作面顶板压力 14 Figure 2-2 Roofpressureof working face 14 图 2-3 直接顶为松散介质时给定变形压力分布 16 Figure 2-3 Pressure distribution in loose medium immediate roof 16 图 2-4 顶板受力示意图 16 Figure 2-4 The roof stress diagram 16 图 2-5 煤柱弹塑性变形区及应力分布 19 Figure 2-5 Elastic-plastic deation zone of coal pillar and stress distribution 19 图 2-6 煤柱破坏后应力分布情况 20 Figure 2-6 Stress distribution after coal pillar failure 20 图 2-7 工作面受力简化模型 21 Figure 2-7 Simplified stress modelof working face 21 图 3-1 921 工作面综合柱状图 24 Figure 3-1 The integrated histogram of 921 working face 24 图 3-2 实验模型图 25 Figure 3-2 The experimentalmodel diagram 25 图 3-3 模型示意图 26 Figure 3-3 The diagram of model 26 图 3-4 模型第一次开挖图 27 Figure 3-4 The figure of model after firstexcavation 27 图 3-5 模型第二次开挖后的老巷示意图 28 Figure 3-5 The used roadway schematic diagram ofmodel after secondexcavation 28 图 3-6 第三次开挖后老巷示意图 28 Figure 3-6 The used roadway schematic diagram ofmodel after thirdexcavation 28 图 3-7 工作面推进 15m 时煤岩破碎状态 29 Figure 3-7 The breaking state of coal and rock when working face promote 15m 29 图 3-8 工作面推进 25m 时煤岩破碎状态 30 Figure 3-8 The breaking state of coal and rock when working face promote 25m 30 图 3-9 工作面推进 50m 时煤岩破碎状态 30 Figure 3-9 The breaking state of coal and rock when working face promote 50m 30 图 3-10 工作面推进 65m 时煤岩破碎状态 31 Figure 3-10 The breaking state of coal and rock when working face promote 65m 31 图 3-11 工作面推进 80m 时煤岩破碎状态 31 Figure 3-11 The breaking state of coal and rock when working face promote 80m 31 图 3-12 工作面推进 15m 时各测线测点位移 32 Figure 3-12 The displacement of each measuring point in different measuring line when working face promote 15m 32 图 3-13 工作面推进 25m 时各测点位移 32 Figure 3-13 The displacement of each measuring point in different measuring line when working face promote 25m 32 图 3-14 工作面推进 50m 时各测点位移 33 万方数据 VIII Figure 3-14 The displacement of each measuring point in different measuring line when working face promote 50m 33 图 3-15 工作面推进 65m 时各测点位移 33 Figure 3-15 The displacement of each measuring point in different measuring line when working face promote 65m 33 图 3-16 工作面推进 80m 时各测点位移 34 Figure 3-16 The displacement of each measuring point in different measuring line when working face promote 80m 34 图 3-17 工作面推进 15m 时各测点应力 34 Figure 3-17 The stress of each measuring pointwhen working face promote 15m 34 图 3-18 工作面推进 25m 时各测点应力 35 Figure 3-18 The stress of each measuring pointwhen wo