混凝土预制块砌碹墙巷旁支护沿空留巷.pdf

混凝土预制块砌碹墙巷旁支护沿空留巷 重庆大学硕士学位论文 （学术学位） 学生姓名张 飞 指导教师唐建新 教 授 专 业采矿工程 学科门类工 学 重庆大学资源及环境科学学院 二 O 一四年四月 Roadside Supporting with Concrete Brick Wall in Gob-side Entry Retaining A Thesis ted to Chongqing University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Master’s Degree of Engineering By Zhang Fei Supervised by Prof. Tang Jianxin SpecialtyMining Engineering College of Resources and Environmental Science of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China April, 2014 中文摘要 I 摘 要 沿空留巷技术从上世纪 50 年代开始，一直是我国煤炭开采技术中十分重要的 研究和发展方向。沿空留巷技术可以提高煤炭回收率，减少巷道掘进率，降低吨 煤成本，延长矿井服务年限，缓解采掘接替紧张的矛盾，以及对于防止因保护煤 柱和丢煤引起的井下灾害等，该类技术的成功研究和应用具有显著的社会经济效 益。在综合机械化开采过程中沿空留巷技术应用逐渐增多，而如何选择合理的支 护方法与支护参数，已成为保障沿空留巷围岩稳定性的关键所在，也是巷道围岩 控制与支护技术研究的热点之一。 本文以川煤集团广能公司龙滩煤矿 3112 南工作面为工程背景，采用理论分 析、数值计算分析和现场试验相结合的研究方法，对近水平中厚煤层综采工作面 沿空留巷支护方案进行了系统的分析和研究，并提出了合理的巷旁和巷内支护方 案。论文取得的主要研究成果如下 （1）根据综采沿空留巷的技术特点，分析得出沿空留巷技术是巷内支护与巷 旁支护共同作用下控制巷道围岩变形的开采技术，巷旁充填或切顶支护是沿空留 巷成败的关键。 （2）根据对综采工作面锚网索联合支护巷道垮落特征和基本顶破断基本规律 的分析，认为综采工作面巷道上方基本顶及其上覆岩层垮落而形成的平衡结构是 综采沿空留巷围岩的大结构，而保留巷道上方直接顶在锚网索联合支护下形成的 悬臂梁或斜跨梁是综采沿空留巷的小结构，围岩大结构是综采沿空留巷的稳定性 的决定因素，受采动影响过程中的大结构回转下沉不影响围岩整体失稳，而维护 沿空留巷稳定的根本是对围岩小结构的合理支护，也是沿空留巷成败的关键。 （3）针对龙滩煤矿具体的煤层地质条件及回采条件，构建相应的沿空留巷力 学模型，设计三种合理支护形式；采用数值模拟软件 UDEC，分别对三种方案进 行数值模拟分析，得出各种支护方案下围岩的变形情况，模拟证明了锚网索加槽 钢加强支护体系能有效的维护巷道的稳定，控制巷道围岩的变形。模拟结果显示， 采用混凝土砌墙切顶的巷旁支护方式进行留巷时，围岩稳定性比较好。 （4）沿空留巷采空侧的巷旁支护体采用混凝土砌碹墙，保持了水泥混凝土连 续整体支护的刚性，为沿空留巷中的刚性巷旁支护。采用混凝土砌块种高阻力、 早支撑的刚性巷旁支护，实现了切顶卸载，使巷道变形量小，巷道支架受力小。 对进行沿空留巷的掘进巷道初始支护为锚网索加槽钢联合支护；巷旁顶板通过加 打预应力锚索加强支护，支护墙体两侧采用单体支柱临时支护；巷旁充填体采用 高强度混凝土预制块砌碹墙，顶部使用薄木板接顶；工作面超前 20m，采用单体 重庆大学硕士学位论文 II 液压支柱配槽钢架梁进行加强支护。 （5）通过在巷旁采用单体液压支柱临时支护，由单体液压支柱以及巷旁锚索 共同提供支护阻力，与充填体共同承载，共同提供支护阻力，有效的控制直接顶 的离层和切落一定高度的直接顶，维持留巷围岩稳定；在工作面后方 60m 范围内 安全回撤单体支柱，进一步提高了经济效益。 关键词关键词沿空留巷，混凝土砌碹墙，锚网索加槽钢，巷旁切顶，数值模拟 英文摘要 III ABSTRACT In the traditional coal mining, roadway maintenance often requires leaving in part of the coal pillar, which resulted in significant loss of coal resources. In order to rational exploit the coal resources, enhance the coal resources recovery, most coal mines in our country have to maintain roadway by gob-side entry retaining. Its advantages have reducing the amount of roadway excavation, reduced roadway excavation rate, improve roadway maintenance, significant of economic and technical benefits and so on. The successful of gob-side entry retaining lie in the choice of roadside support and entry-in support. So it’s very important to research of the reasonable support in gob-side entry retaining. Based on the geological condition of fully-mechanized face in nearly horizontal and middle thick coal seam of Guangneng coal-electricity group, the supporting scheme of gob-side entry retaining in 3112 face of Longtan mine was compared, the rational and effective supporting scheme of gob-side entry retaining was obtained by using combined research of the theoretical analysis, the numerical analysis and the field measurement. There main search achievements are as follows 1 Studied on the moving rule of surrounding rock and established mechanics calculation model of gob-side entry retaining, provide the scientific basis for supporting design of gob-side entry retaining; 2 Based on the fully mechanized working face of cable anchor combined supporting roadway caving characteristics and basic bursting analysis fault of the basic law, that the equilibrium structure of roadway of fully mechanized working face above the basic roof and overlying strata caving of along goaf in fully mechanized mining structure of surrounding rock of roadway, and keep on the top rope combined directly cantilever retaining ed under oblique cross beam is a beam or along goaf in fully mechanized small structure in the anchor net, large structure surrounding rock is determined along goaf in fully mechanized mining stability of spatial factors, by the structure of rotary impact process sinking does not affect the overall instability of surrounding rock in mining, and maintained along the goaf stability is the small structure of surrounding the reasonable support, but also the key to the success or failure of the roadway along gob. 3 Numerical simulation analysis is respectively carried out for the each scheme 重庆大学硕士学位论文 IV using the numerical analysis software UDEC, the deation of surrounding rock of the five supporting scheme is obtained, and the best one is determined. 4 Gob gob side roadway side body is to have a certain strength, but also have a certain deation capacity, using concrete brickwork wall for roadside support has the advantages of fast solidification, high strength, good stability, can meet the working resistance enough in a short time. The roadway along goaf roadway initial support for machining steel cable anchor combined support; roadside roof with prestressed anchor strengthening support, retaining walls on both sides of the use of single prop temporary support; roadside packing body uses the high strength concrete prefabricated block brickwork wall, reserve certain deation is not connected with the top; ahead of the working face is 20m, the single hydraulic prop with H-shaped steel beam reinforcement. 5 Through the use of single hydraulic prop temporary support in the roadside, effectively cutting top, initial monomer hydraulic prop and roadside cable together provide support resistance, effective control of the immediate roof separation and cutting off some direct top height, the roof subsidence reached pre shrinking, filling body start to load, to provide support resistance, maintain the surrounding rock stability;in the rear of the working face 60m range safety to the cancellation prop and templates, to further improve the economic benefit. Keywordsgob-side entry retaining, concrete brick wall, anchor mesh and beam-rope supporting, roadway roof cutting, numerical analysis 目 录 V 目 录 中中文摘要文摘要 .......................................................................................................................................... I 英文摘要英文摘要 ....................................................................................................................................... III 1 绪绪 论论 ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景、研究目的及意义研究背景、研究目的及意义 ............................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状国内外研究现状 ................................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 国内沿空留巷研究现状 ............................................................................................ 2 1.2.2 国外沿空留巷研究现状 ............................................................................................ 5 1.2.3 采矿工程中数值分析方法的应用 ............................................................................ 6 1.3 主要研究内容和技术路线主要研究内容和技术路线 ................................................................................................... 7 1.3.1 主要研究内容 ............................................................................................................ 7 1.3.2 技术路线 .................................................................................................................... 7 2 试验矿井概况试验矿井概况 ...................................................................................................................... 9 2.1 矿井概况矿井概况 ............................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 矿井地质条件矿井地质条件 ..................................................................................................................... 10 2.2.1 地形地貌 .................................................................................................................. 10 2.2.2 地层及煤系特征 ...................................................................................................... 10 2.2.3 地质构造 .................................................................................................................. 12 2.2.4 可采煤层 .................................................................................................................. 13 2.3 沿空留巷工作面开采情况沿空留巷工作面开采情况 ................................................................................................. 14 2.3.1 工作面地质条件 ...................................................................................................... 14 2.3.2 水文及地质构造情况 .............................................................................................. 15 2.3.3 工作面布置及巷道支护情况 .................................................................................. 16 2.4 煤（岩）物理力学参数测试煤（岩）物理力学参数测试 ............................................................................................. 16 2.5 本章小结本章小结 ............................................................................................................................. 18 3 沿空留巷围岩活动规律及控制理论研究沿空留巷围岩活动规律及控制理论研究 ......................................................... 19 3.1 煤层开采覆岩运动和破坏的一般规律煤层开采覆岩运动和破坏的一般规律 ............................................................................. 19 3.2 沿空留巷上覆岩层破断规律沿空留巷上覆岩层破断规律 ............................................................................................. 20 3.2.1 上覆岩层的跨落形式 .............................................................................................. 21 3.2.2 围岩活动分期规律及空间特征 .............................................................................. 23 3.3 沿空留巷支护载荷规律沿空留巷支护载荷规律 ..................................................................................................... 25 3.4 沿空留巷矿压显现规律沿空留巷矿压显现规律 ..................................................................................................... 27 重庆大学硕士学位论文 VI 3.5 巷旁支护阻力巷旁支护阻力 ...................................................................................................................... 28 3.6 混凝土块砌墙巷旁支护分析混凝土块砌墙巷旁支护分析 .............................................................................................. 29 3.6.1 混凝土砌块支护简介 .............................................................................................. 30 3.6.2 混凝土砌块支护作用机理 ...................................................................................... 30 3.6.3 巷旁支护体尺寸确定 .............................................................................................. 31 3.7 本章小结本章小结 ............................................................................................................................. 32 4 沿空留巷支护设计与数值模拟沿空留巷支护设计与数值模拟 .............................................................................. 33 4.1 国内外沿空留巷关键技术总结国内外沿空留巷关键技术总结 ......................................................................................... 33 4.1.1 切顶卸载技术 .......................................................................................................... 33 4.1.2 采空区充填承载技术 .............................................................................................. 34 4.2 沿空留巷支护方案设计沿空留巷支护方案设计 ..................................................................................................... 34 4.2.1 沿空留巷巷内支护设计 .......................................................................................... 34 4.2.2 沿空留巷巷旁支护设计 .......................................................................................... 36 4.3 UDEC 数值模拟分析数值模拟分析.......................................................................................................... 38 4.3.1 UDEC 软件概述 ....................................................................................................... 38 4.3.2 拉格朗日元法 .......................................................................................................... 39 4.3.3 数值计算模型建立 .................................................................................................. 42 4.3.4 数值模拟结果分析 .................................................................................................. 43 4.4 本章小结本章小结 ............................................................................................................................. 46 5 现场试验及矿压观测现场试验及矿压观测 .................................................................................................... 47 5.1 现场支护方案现场支护方案 ..................................................................................................................... 47 5.1.1 巷道内基本支护 ...................................................................................................... 48 5.1.2 巷旁支护 .................................................................................................................. 50 5.1.3 支护安全技术措施 .................................................................................................. 53 5.1.4 支护效果检验 .......................................................................................................... 54 5.2 工作面矿压观测布置工作面矿压观测布置 ......................................................................................................... 54 5.2.1 矿压观测的主要内容 .............................................................................................. 54 5.2.2 测站布置与观测方法 .............................................................................................. 55 5.3 矿压观测结果分析矿压观测结果分析 ............................................................................................................. 57 5.3.1 表面位移观测 .......................................................................................................... 57 5.3.2 顶板离层观测 .......................................................................................................... 60 5.3.3 锚杆及支柱压力观测 .............................................................................................. 62 5.3.4 混凝土砌块墙体受力观测 ...................................................................................... 65 5.3.5 混凝土砌块巷旁支护沿空留巷效果 ...................................................................... 66 目 录 VII 5.4 经济效益分析经济效益分析 ..................................................................................................................... 69 5.5 本章小结本章小结 ............................................................................................................................. 70 6 结论与展望结论与展望 ......................................................................................................................... 73 6.1 结论及建议结论及建议 ......................................................................................................................... 73 6.2 后续研究与展望后续研究与展望 ................................................................................................................. 74 致致 谢谢 ....................................................................................................................................... 75 参考文献参考文献 ..............................................