大倾角薄层顶板巷道围岩失稳力学分析及支护技术.pdf
硕士学位论文 大倾角薄层顶板巷道围岩失稳 力学分析及支护技术 Mechanical Analysis on Instability of Deeply Inclined Thin Layer Roof Roadway Surrounding Rock and Support Technology 作 者张 明 导 师李桂臣 副教授 中国矿业大学 二○一四年五月 长江学者和创新团队发展计划资助(IRT1084 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目SZBF2011-6-B35 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2014QNB27) 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目(50904064 万方数据 中图分类号 TD353 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公 开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 大倾角薄层顶板巷道围岩失稳 力学分析及支护技术 Mechanical Analysis on Instability of Deeply Inclined Thin Layer Roof Roadway Surrounding Rock and Support Technology 作 者 张 明 导 师 李桂臣 副教授 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 巷道围岩控制 答辩委员会主席 评 阅 人 二○一四年五月 万方数据 71 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 Declaration of Thesis Originality 本人郑重声明所呈交的学位论文大倾角薄层顶板巷道围岩失稳力学分析 及支护技术 ,是本人在导师指导下,在中国矿业大学攻读学位期间进行的研究 工作所取得的成果。据我所知,除文中已经标明引用的内容外,本论文不包含任 何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。 对本文的研究做出贡献的个人 和集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人 承担。 学位论文作者签名 年 月 日 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 Certificate of Thesis Authority 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一, 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权,即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版,可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文;②为教学和 科研目的,学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外,根据有关法规,同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 Thesis Approval Identification 研究生 张明 在规定的学习年限内, 按照研究生培养方案的要求, 完成了研究生课程的学习, 成绩合格; 在我的指导下完成本学位论文, 经审阅,论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同,论文撰写格 式符合学校的相关规定, 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送专家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 万方数据 致致 谢谢 AckNowledgements 在呈交论文之际,首先献上我对导师李桂臣副教授的深深敬意与谢意本论 文是在李桂臣副教授的悉心指导下完成的,从论文选题的确定、现场数据的收集 和整理、论文的撰写和修改,每一步无不凝聚着导师的智慧和心血。短短三年, 收获颇丰,感触良深,与李老师的关系可谓亦师亦友。再次感谢导师李桂臣副教 授在生活、 学习和工作上无微不至的关心和帮助, 愿李老师身体健康、 工作顺利 在平时的研究学习和本文的写作中,有幸得到张农教授的指导。张农教授高 尚的人格品质,深厚的学术造诣,严谨的治学态度,教导我许多做人、做事、做 学问的道理,给学生树立起潜移默化的典范作用,将是我一生学习的榜样 感谢阚甲广副教授、许兴亮副教授、郑西贵副教授、季明老师、赵一鸣老师 在三年的研究生学习中的关怀与指导,感谢姚亚虎、孙辉、卫英豪、王龙江、王 厚文、刘亚鸿、蒋作函等硕士给予的许多帮助,使论文得以顺利完成,在此向他 们表示衷心的感谢 感谢室友邓改革、朱才坤、张凯在生活和学习中的无私帮助,宿舍的团结与 同学的友谊让我快乐度过研究生生涯,是我一生中宝贵的财富。 感谢课题组所有师兄弟的快乐陪伴与无私帮助,友谊长存 感谢我的家人,感谢父母不求回报的养育和对我求学的一贯理解与支持,感 谢弟弟、弟妹、姐姐、妹妹对父母的全心照顾,使我能够安心在学校学习,在此 祝他们身体健康,幸福快乐 感谢各位专家、教授在百忙之中评审本论文,由于作者水平有限,文中难免 有错误和纰漏之处,衷心希望各位专家、教授给予批评指正 张明 二○一四年五月 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 新疆铁喇矿区昊源煤矿主采 B9 煤层,为典型近距离煤层群,倾角较大,局 部范围达 40o以上,平均倾角 28o,B9、B10 煤层间距 0.11~29.11m,平均 6m, 巷道顶板呈现板结构,顶板垮冒、高煤帮片帮破坏严重,对矿井的安全生产造成 极大影响。 本文以上述地质条件为工程背景, 基于弹性理论建立了大倾角薄层顶板力学 模型,分析了顶板极限跨距、下沉量。指出帮部煤体裂隙在压缩荷载作用下一般 为翼裂纹扩展,形成层裂板结构,构建压杆侧向屈曲模型,得出了煤帮的压剪失 稳特征。采用 FLAC3D模拟了大倾角薄层顶板巷道围岩体变形破坏规律,基于锚 杆协同强化控制原则,形成了高性能预拉力锚杆索支护技术体系。并应用到工程 实践中,取得了良好的试验效果,主要成果如下 (1)建立层状顶板两端固支的“岩梁”模型,将顶板中部锚杆锚固段进入 拉破坏作为顶板失稳的界定依据,利用弹性理论求解出巷道破坏极限宽度 a,得 出了顶板失稳的临界应力 σcr,指出顶板临界应力与其几何尺寸及力学参数的关 系,临界应力 σcr与岩层跨厚比二次方成反比,是影响顶板稳定性的敏感因素。 (2)基于损伤理论,分析了张开型、滑移型、撕裂型三种模型的裂纹尖端 应力场的强度因子 K。帮部煤体在压缩荷载作用下,裂纹一般为翼裂纹扩展成劈 裂结构(滑移面) ,帮部围岩的损伤就由连续损伤转为局部损伤,形成层裂板结 构。建立压杆侧向屈曲模型,研究了层裂板结构侧向压弯屈曲失稳规律。 (3)根据整体、协同支护原则,形成了大倾角层状顶板巷道高性能预拉力 锚杆索整体协同支护技术体系,主要关键技术是顶板高性能预应力锚杆索、高帮 部锚杆桁架、帮顶基角斜拉锚索梁,高低帮锚杆索非对称支护,形成了高性能预 拉力锚杆索整体协同控制技术体系。 (4)采用 FLAC3D模拟了试验巷道围岩变形破坏特征,具有明显的非对称 性,高帮侧所受的侧压远大于低帮。无支护围岩移近量分别为顶板 93.2mm、低 帮侧为 41mm,高帮侧为 90mm,底板 145mm;锚杆索支护后,围岩移近量分别 为顶板 68.9mm、 低帮侧 35.7mm, 高帮侧 57mm, 底板 90.0mm, 维护效果明显。 (5)设计了昊源煤矿 904 运输巷支护方案,有效控制了巷道围岩变形。相 同巷道断面在相同的支护强度下, 单位长度的锚网梁配锚索支护所需材料费用相 比工字钢按 11矿工钢来计算架棚支护成本大幅度下降 1000 多元, 效益显著。 论文共有图 58 幅,表 6 个,参考文献 80 篇。 关键词关键词大倾角煤层;薄层顶板;层裂板结构;高预紧力;协同强化控制 万方数据 II Abstract Tiela Haoyuan mine in Xinjiang mining mainly B9 coal seam, the typical distance seam group, dip a larger range of 40o above the local average angle of 28o, B9, B10 seam spacing 0.1129.11m, showing roadway roof board structure, roof collapse risk, high coal spalling side severely damaged, causing a great impact on production safety of the mine. In this paper, the engineering geological conditions above background, the establishment of a large angle layered roof mechanical model based on the elastic theory, the ultimate roof span, subsidence. Pointed out that the coal of the side crack under normal compression loads for the wing crack, spall plate structure ed to construct models strut lateral buckling, obatin the coal side compressive shear instability characteristics. FLAC3D simulation using large dip layered roof roadway deation damage law, based on the principle anchor synergistic enhanced control, ing a high-perance pre-tension cable bolt support technology system. And applied to engineering practice, and achieved good test results, the main results are as follows 1 Establish a layered roof clamped at both ends of the “rock beam“ model, the central roof anchor sector pulled into the roof damage as a basis for defining instability, elasticity theory solved roadway damage limit width a, obtained critical stress σcr roof instability, noting that the relationship between the critical stress its roof geometry and mechanical parameters, is inversely proportional to the square across thicker than the critical stress σcr and rock, are sensitive to factors that influence the stability of the roof. 2 Root damage theory based on analysis of the open type, intensity factor slip type crack tip stress fields tearing-type three models K. the Coal side under compression loads, the crack is generally split into a wing crack structure slip plane, injury to help the side rock on the continuum damage into local damage, spall plate structure ation. Establish strut lateral buckling model to study the structure of the spall plate buckling lateral bending the law. 3 Based on the principle of integral and collaboration support, ing a big dip layered roof roadway overall high perance pre-tension cable bolt support technology collaboration system, the key technology is a high-perance roof pre-tightening cable, the bolt truss of high side, the anchor beams of the zone of near 万方数据 III the roof and the side, symmetrical anchor support high side and low side, ing a high-perance pre-tension cable anchor overall cooperative control technology system. 4Using FLAC3D simulation test using roadway deation and failure characteristics, with significant asymmetry, leading the side to help the high pressure side suffered much greater than the short side. No amount of support were closer to rock dome 93.2mm, the low side to 41mm, the high side is 90mm, bottom 145mm; then bolt anchor support, the amount was closer to rock dome 68.9mm, 35.7mm to the low side, high side 57mm, bottom 90.0mm, maintenance of effect is obvious. 5 Designed Haoyuan coal transportation laneway 904 program, effective control of the roadway deation. Same roadway support in the same strength, Anchor network support with the cable care compared to the cost of materials of the unit length by 11 steel miners to calculate frame roof support costs dropped substantially 1000 diversity, efficiency significantly. The paper has together 58 figures, 6 tables and 80 references. Key worddeeply inclined coal seam; thin layer roof; layer plate structure; pre-tightening force; synergistic enhanced control 万方数据 IV 目录目录 摘要摘要................................................................................................................................. I 目录目录.............................................................................................................................. IV 图清单图清单....................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单.......................................................................................................................... XI 变量注释表变量注释表 ................................................................................................................ XII 1 绪论绪论.............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 研究背景与意义 ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ....................................................................................................... 2 1.3 存在的主要问题 ....................................................................................................... 6 1.4 研究内容 ................................................................................................................... 7 1.5 研究方案与技术路线 ............................................................................................... 7 2 大倾角薄层顶板巷道围岩失稳力学分析大倾角薄层顶板巷道围岩失稳力学分析 ............................................................... 10 2.1 顶板失稳力学分析 ................................................................................................. 10 2.2 高帮失稳力学分析 ................................................................................................. 18 2.3 小结 ......................................................................................................................... 30 3 高预紧力锚杆整体控制原理及技术高预紧力锚杆整体控制原理及技术 ....................................................................... 31 3.1 锚杆整体锚固原理 ................................................................................................. 32 3.2 高预紧力锚杆控制原理 ......................................................................................... 35 3.3 高预紧力整体锚固关键技术 ................................................................................. 42 3.4 小结 ......................................................................................................................... 43 4 高强锚杆支护数值分析高强锚杆支护数值分析 ........................................................................................... 44 4.1 数值计算模型 ......................................................................................................... 44 4.2 数值模拟方案 ......................................................................................................... 44 4.3 结果分析 ................................................................................................................. 45 4.4 小结 ......................................................................................................................... 49 5 工业性试验工业性试验 ............................................................................................................... 50 5.1 巷道基本情况 ......................................................................................................... 50 5.2 支护设计 ................................................................................................................. 51 5.3 现场实施及矿压监测 ............................................................................................. 55 万方数据 V 5.4 小结 ......................................................................................................................... 62 6 主要结论主要结论 ................................................................................................................... 63 参考文献参考文献 ...................................................................................................................... 65 作者简历作者简历 ...................................................................................................................... 70 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 .................................................................................................. 71 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 .......................................................................................................... 72 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................... II Contents ...................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures .......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables ............................................................................................................... XI List of Variables ......................................................................................................... XII 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 The Research Background and Significance ............................................................ 1 1.2 Current Situation at Home and Abroad ..................................................................... 2 1.3 The Main Existing Problems ..................................................................................... 6 1.4 Research Content ...................................................................................................... 7 1.5 Research Programs and Technology Route .............................................................. 7 2 Mechanics Analysis of Instability of Inclined Thin Roof Roadway Surrounding Rock .............................................................................................................................. 10 2.1 Roof Instability Mechanical Analysis ..................................................................... 10 2.2 High Side Instability Mechanical Analysis ............................................................. 18 2.3 Summary ................................................................................................................. 30 3 The Principle and Technology of High Pre-tightening Force Bolt Integral Control ......................................................................................................................... 31 3.1 The Principle of Bolt Integral Anchor ..................................................................... 32 3.2 The Principle of High Pre-tightening Force Bolt Control....................................... 35 3.3 The Key Technology of High Pre-tightening Force Integral Anchor ..................... 42 3.4 Summary ................................................................................................................. 43 4 Numerical Analysis of High Strength Bolt Support .............................................. 44 4.1 Numerical Calculation Model ................................................................................. 44 4.2 Numerical Simulation Scheme ............................................................................... 44 4.3 Analysis of The Results........................................................................................... 45 4.4 Summary ................................................................................................................. 49 5 Industrial Experiment ............................................................................................. 50 5.1 The Basic Situationof Roadway .............................................................................. 50