益门煤矿急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开采覆岩活动规律及支架选型研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 益门煤矿急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开采覆 岩活动规律及支架选型研究 Study on Overlying Strata Movement and Support Selection in Horizontal Section Mining of Steeply Inclined and Extra Thick Coal Seam in Yimen Coal Mine 作者倪友健 导师刘长友 教授 中国矿业大学 二○一七年五月 万方数据 中图分类号TD8学校代码10290 UDC622密级公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 益门煤矿急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开采覆岩活动 规律及支架选型研究 Study on Overlying Strata Movement and Support Selection in Horizontal Section Mining of Steeply Inclined and Extra Thick Coal Seam in Yimen Coal Mine 作者倪友健导师刘长友教授 申请学位工学硕士培养单位矿业工程学院 学科专业采矿工程研究方向 岩体力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席柏建彪评 阅 人尹振云鲁岩 二○一七年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书）。 作者签名导师签名 年月日年月日 万方数据 致谢致谢 本论文是在导师刘长友教授的精心指导下完成的，从论文的选题、思路形成 直到最后完成，每一个环节都凝结着导师的心血和智慧。导师高尚的人格、渊博 的学识和严谨求实的治学态度使我在生活和学习上受益良多， 是我研究生学习生 涯的最大收获。值此论文完成之际，谨向导师致以崇高的敬意和衷心的感谢 论文研究过程中得到了中国矿业大学吴锋锋副教授、鲁岩副教授、杨培举副 教授、杨敬轩讲师、张宁波博士后、李建伟博士、赵通博士、陈宝宝博士、杜贝 举博士等人的关心和指导，在此表示最衷心的感谢 课题组仇奎凯硕士、武飞硕士、张建强硕士、胡腾飞学士等人在相似材料模 拟实验中给予了帮助， 衷心感谢课题组各位老师和师兄弟在论文写作过程中和生 活上给予的热心帮助和支持 感谢我的家人和亲人，是他们多年来始终如一的理解、关怀和支持使我能够 专心于学习和研究，得以顺利完成研究生学业 感谢所有参考文献的作者 感谢各位专家、学者在百忙之中评审我的论文 最后向给予我关心和帮助而未能在此一一提及的朋友、 老师和同学致以诚挚 的谢意 倪友健 2017 年 5 月 万方数据 I 摘摘要要 本文以益门煤矿煤层倾角变化大、 煤层厚度变化大等复杂不稳定的工程地质 条件为研究背景， 综合运用相似材料模拟实验、 数值模拟和理论分析等研究方法， 对急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开采的覆岩活动规律及支架选型进行了较深入的研 究，为益门煤矿复杂地质条件下特厚煤层水平分段放顶煤开采提供了理论依据。 （1）结合益门煤矿的煤层地质条件，采用相似材料模拟实验研究了急倾斜 特厚煤层水平分段开采的覆岩活动规律。研究表明急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开 采初期阶段和后期阶段的覆岩垮落特征完全不同， 开采初期覆岩垮落形成压力拱 结构，过渡阶段形成悬臂梁结构，开采后期形成铰接岩块结构；同时急倾斜煤层 顶板岩层移动存在重力下沉、沿法线向底板移近、沿底板向下滑移等多种情况。 （2）考虑到益门煤矿煤层倾角和煤层厚度变化大等复杂不稳定的条件，采 用 UDEC 软件模拟了不同煤层倾角以及不同煤层厚度的覆岩破断规律，并研究 了煤层倾角变化和煤层厚度变化对急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开采覆岩活动规律 的影响。研究表明煤层倾角以及煤层厚度的变化，直接改变了覆岩内部的受力 情况和覆岩的破坏特征；覆岩破断的来压周期随倾角的增大而增大，覆岩结构的 稳定性随煤层厚度的增大而减弱，同时煤层厚度越大，覆岩裂隙越发育。 （3）通过力学分析对急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开采初期阶段形成的压力拱 结构、 过渡阶段形成的悬臂梁结构和后期阶段形成的铰接岩块结构的稳定性及失 稳方式进行了研究，得出岩块高长比和煤层倾角是结构失稳的主要影响因素，为 工作面液压支架工作阻力的合理确定提供了依据。 （4）建立了急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开采支架与围岩的力学模型，分析了 工作面液压支架载荷的主要来源，计算得出了工作面液压支架的合理工作阻力， 进行了液压支架的合理选型。 该论文有图 48 幅，表 7 个，参考文献 106 篇。 关键词关键词急倾斜煤层；水平分段；覆岩活动规律；覆岩结构特征；支架选型 万方数据 II Abstract This paper takes the complex and unstable engineering geological conditions of Yimen coal mine as the research background, this coal seam has a large change in the inclination angle and a large change in the thickness of the coal seam, based on the similar material simulation experiment, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, this paper makes a deep research on the overlying strata movement and support selection in horizontal section mining of steeply inclined and extra thick coal seam, which provides the theoretical basis for the caving mining in the thick coal seam under the complicated geological conditions of Yimen coal mine. 1 Based on the geologic conditions of Yimen coal mine, the similar material simulation experiment was used to study the overlying strata movement in horizontal section mining of steeply inclined and extra thick coal seam. The results show that the characteristics of overlying strata movement in the early stage and the later stage of the horizontal section mining of steeply inclined and extra thick coal seam are quite different, in the early stage of mining, the overburden ed a pressure arch structure, and the later stage of mining will an articulated rock block structure; at the same time, there are many kinds of roof strata movement in steep coal seam, such as gravity sinking, moving along the normal to the bottom plate and sliding down along the bottom plate. 2 Considering the change of Yimen coal seam inclination angle and thickness of coal seam and other complex and unstable factors, UDEC software was used to simulate the overlying strata movement of different coal seam inclination angle and different coal seam thickness, and the effects of these complex and unstable factors on the overlying strata movement in horizontal section mining of steeply inclined and extra thick coal seam are studied. Research shows the change of coal seam inclination angle and coal seam thickness directly change the stress condition and the fracture characteristics of overburden rock; the pressure cycle of the overburden fracture increases with the increase of the inclination angle, the stability of the overburden structure is weakened with the increase of the thickness of the coal seam, and the development degree of the overburden fractures increases with the increase of the thickness of the coal seam. 3 The pressure arch structure ed at the initial stage of mining, the cantilever beam structure ed in transitional stage and the stability and instability of the articulated rock block structure ed in the later stage in horizontal section 万方数据 III mining of steeply inclined and extra thick coal seam were studied through the mechanical analysis, it is concluded that the main factors affecting the structural instability are the height to length ratio of the rock mass and the dip angle of coal seam, which provides the basis for the reasonable determination of working resistance of hydraulic support in working face. 4 The mechanical model of support and surrounding rock in horizontal section mining of steeply inclined and extra thick coal seam was established, the main sources of the hydraulic support load on the working face were analyzed, the reasonable working resistance of the hydraulic support of the working face was calculated, and the reasonable selection of hydraulic support was also carried out. This paper has 48 figures, 7 tables and 106 references. Keywords steeply inclined coal seam; horizontal segmentation; overlying strata movement; structural characteristics of overlying strata; support selection 万方数据 IV 目目录录 摘要摘要................................................................................................................................ Ⅰ 目录目录............................................................................................................................. Ⅳ 图清单图清单...................................................................................................................... Ⅷ 表清单表清单...........................................................................................................................Ⅹ 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................1 1.1 问题的提出与研究意义.........................................................................................1 1.2 研究现状.................................................................................................................2 1.3 研究内容与技术路线.............................................................................................8 2 急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开采覆岩活动规律的物理模拟急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开采覆岩活动规律的物理模拟..................................10 2.1 益门煤矿煤层地质条件及生产现状...................................................................10 2.2 物理实验方案.......................................................................................................11 2.3 物理实验过程.......................................................................................................16 2.4 物理实验结果分析...............................................................................................20 2.5 小结.......................................................................................................................24 3 急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开采覆岩活动规律的数值模拟急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开采覆岩活动规律的数值模拟..................................25 3.1 数值计算模型的建立...........................................................................................25 3.2 煤层倾角变化对特厚煤层水平分段开采覆岩活动的影响规律.......................28 3.3 煤层厚度变化对急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开采覆岩活动的影响规律...........38 3.4 小结.......................................................................................................................44 4 急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开采覆岩结构急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开采覆岩结构的的分析分析..................................................45 4.1 顶板的压力拱结构...............................................................................................45 4.2 顶板的悬臂梁结构...............................................................................................46 4.3 顶板的铰接岩块结构...........................................................................................48 4.4 小结.......................................................................................................................52 5 急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开采支架的合理选型急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开采支架的合理选型..................................................53 5.1 概述.......................................................................................................................53 5.2 急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段开采支架与围岩力学模型及工作阻力确定...........53 5.3 液压支架的合理选型...........................................................................................59 5.4 小结.......................................................................................................................61 万方数据 V 6 结论结论..........................................................................................................................62 参考文献参考文献......................................................................................................................64 作者简历作者简历......................................................................................................................71 论文原创性声明论文原创性声明..........................................................................................................72 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集..........................................................................................................73 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract..........................................................................................................................Ⅰ Contents......................................................................................................................Ⅳ List of Figures..........................................................................................................Ⅷ List of Tables................................................................................................................Ⅹ 1 Introduction...............................................................................................................1 1.1 The Question and Research Significance.................................................................1 1.2 Research Status.........................................................................................................2 1.3 Research Contents and Technical Roadmap.............................................................8 2 Physical Simulation of Overlying Strata Movement in Horizontal Section Mining of Steeply Inclined and Extra Thick Coal Seam........................................10 2.1 Geological Condition of Coal Seam and Production Status in Yimen Coal Mine.10 2.2 Physical Experiment Scheme.................................................................................11 2.3 The Process of Physical Experiment......................................................................16 2.4Analysis of the Results of Physical Experiments...................................................20 2.5 Summary................................................................................................................ 24 3 Numerical Simulation of Overlying Strata Movement in Horizontal Section Mining of Steeply Inclined and Extra Thick Coal Seam........................................25 3.1 Establishment of Numerical Calculation Model....................................................25 3.2 The Influence of Inclination Variation of Overlying Strata Movement in Horizontal Section Mining of Extra Thick Coal Seam................................................ 28 3.3 The Influence of Thickness Variation of Overlying Strata Movement in Horizontal Section Mining of Steeply Inclined and Extra Thick Coal Seam.................................38 3.4 Summary................................................................................................................ 44 4 Structural Analysis of Overlying Strata in Horizontal Section Mining of Steeply Inclined and Extra Thick Coal Seam..........................................................45 4.1 PressureArch Structure..........................................................................................45 4.2 Cantilever Structure................................................................................................46 4.3Articulated Rock Block Structure...........................................................................48 4.4 Summary................................................................................................................ 52 5 Reasonable Selection of Support in Horizontal Section Mining of Steeply 万方数据 VII Inclined and Extra Thick Coal Seam....................................................................... 53 5.1 Outline....................................................................................................................53 5.2 Mechanical Model of Support and Surrounding Rock and Determination of Working Resistance in Horizontal Section Mining of Steeply Inclined and Extra Thick Coal Seam.....................................................................................................................53 5.3 Reasonable Selection of Hydraulic Support...........................................................59 5.4 Summary................................................................................................................ 61 6 Conclusion................................................................................................................62 References................................................................................................................... 64 Author’s Resume........................................................................................................71 Declaration of Thesis Originality..............................................................................72 Thesis Data Collection................................................................................................73 万方数据 VIII 图清单图清单 图序号图名称页码 图 1-1技术路线框图9 Figure 1-1Technical roadmap9 图 2-1益门煤矿矿区地层综合柱状图11 Figure 2-1Integrated bar chart of Yimen coal mine11 图 2-2实验模型简图12 Figure 2-2Schematic diagram of the experimental model12 图 2-3压力盒14 Figure 2-3Pressure box14 图 2-4静态电阻应变仪14 Figure 2-4Static resistance strain gauge14 图 2-5水袋加压系统14 Figure 2-5Water bag pressurization system14 图 2-6摄影测量系统14 Figure 2-6Photogrammetry system14 图 2-7测点布置分布图15 Figure 2-7Distribution of measuring points15 图 2-8实验开挖过程模型图15 Figure 2-8Experimental excavation model15 图 2-9实验模型开挖过程图20 Figure 2-9Excavation process of experimental model20 图 2-10实验模型最终垮落形态图20 Figure 2-10Final collapse pattern of the experimental model20 图 2-11压力拱结构21 Figure 2-11Pressure arch structure21 图 2-12铰接岩块结构22 Figure 2-12Articulated rock block structure22 图 2-13覆岩移动形态图23 Figure 2-13Overlying strata