五沟煤矿矸石充填开采沉陷规律研究.pdf

工程硕士专业学位论文 五沟煤矿矸石充填开采沉陷规律研究 Study on the Law of Subsidence inWugou Coal Mine by using Solid Backfilling Mining 作者张号召 导师郭广礼 教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一九年三月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人张号召仔细学习和了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的相关 规定，同意本人所撰写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一，学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学 位论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版 和电子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为 教学和科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案 馆、图书馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规， 同意中国国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 作者签名导师签名 年月日年月日 万方数据 中图分类号TD325学校代码10290 UDC528.4密级公开 中国矿业大学 工程硕士专业学位论文 五沟煤矿矸石充填开采沉陷规律研究 Study on the Law of Subsidence inWugou Coal Mine by Using Solid Backfilling Mining 作者张号召导师郭广礼 申请学位工程硕士培养单位环境与测绘学院 学科专业测绘工程研究方向矿山开采沉陷 答辩委员会主席吴侃评 阅 人 查剑锋康建荣 二二○○一九年三月一九年三月 万方数据 致致 谢谢 时光荏苒,几年的中国矿业大学研究生生涯即将步入尾声。 在硕士研究生的 几年期间，得到了各位学校老师、单位领导、同事以及朋友的许多真切关心和 真挚的指导以及无私的帮助，在此向你们表示最衷心的感谢和敬意。 首先，我要深深地感谢我的研究生指导师郭广礼教授，能够在中国矿业大 学攻读硕士学位期间遇到郭老师是我研究生学习生涯的一件幸运之事。郭老师 为人谦和，平易近人；科研思维严谨，教学作风扎实，专业理论极高，实践知 识丰富。在中国矿业大学攻读研究生期间郭老师在学术上耐心指导，传授知识， 特别是对测绘工程的专业知识，让我受益匪浅，给我在测绘专业的研究提供大 力的帮助，真正地拓宽了自己在测绘专业的理论水平，提高了科学研究的能力， 同时在我的个人学习生活上给予了极大的关怀。郭老师对待学术的严谨、对待 生活的热情将对我今后的工作、生活方方面面产生积极、深远的影响，使我学 会了如何对待学术和研究，如何应用学术和研究，如何在学术、研究中获得灵 感与快乐。郭老师就是我人生道路上的领路人，让我在研究生几年学习生涯中 找到毕业以后的方向。祝愿您工作顺利，阖家幸福 其次，感谢中国矿业大学充填开采技术科研团队、皖北煤电集团公司恒源 股份、五沟煤矿的领导同事的大力支持，有幸参与五沟煤矿充填开采技术项目， 并顺利完成毕业学位论文。特别是在五沟煤矿充填开采项目实施中，集团公司 和五沟煤矿的领导亲自参与，他们在技术上和实际工程施工中，积极协调，亲 临现场指导，让自己能够顺利完成五沟煤矿充填开采沉陷科学研究。同时感谢 查剑锋教授等在我撰写学位论文时给我指导和帮助，特别是在开采沉陷理论方 面给予大力的支持和提出建议，以及感谢自己在充填开采沉陷规律研究中引用 的资料和文献的作者和所有者，感谢他们的资料文献提供更好的理论基石和技 术成果，提高我本人编制学位论的水平。 再次，感谢研究生办公室刘涛健、蒋冬梅两位老师在研究生教务管理上的 积极帮助和大力支持 最后，对所有参与本人论文评阅及答辩的专家、教授们致以最诚挚的谢意， 感谢各位对论文提出的宝贵意见及建议。 万方数据 I 摘摘要要 在中国建筑物下、铁路下、水体下压煤问题对煤矿生产影响比较严重，特 别是我国东部地区很多煤矿水体下压煤尤为突出，水体下压煤开采是许多煤炭 企业是面临的难题。五沟煤矿位于安徽淮北地区，矿井回采煤层是同样面临着 水体下压煤制约矿井资源安全的问题，整个矿井覆盖着平均厚度多达 275 m 的 厚松散层，特别是在松散层底部有平均厚度 22m 的第四含水层，直接覆盖在矿 井浅部的煤层露头上，是矿井回采时的主要水患威胁之一。为了安全回采五沟 煤矿的浅部煤炭资源，采用矸石充填开采技术，减小工作面回采后上覆岩层破 坏高度，确保煤层回采时不会出现“四含”水患。同时增加煤炭资源的回采率， 又减少矿井矸石在地面堆放占用土地和对周围环境污染影响，而且能减少工作 面回采对地面土地塌陷，保护了土地资源，提高矿井的经济效益，实现矿井绿 色和谐开采。 论文重点分析研究了国内外充填开采沉陷发展过程、发展现状以及充填开 采沉陷的相关技术理论、实践成果经验等。针对五沟煤矿赋存的地质条件、采 矿条件以及覆岩结构特性等方面，对五沟矿含水层下矸石充填开采造成上覆岩 层沉陷变形进行重点研究。通过 CT101、CT103 充填开采地表岩移观测站，获取 充填开采工作面的地表移动范围以及角值参数和动态变形参数；利用基于遗传 算法的概率积分法，反演出五沟充填开采条件下的地表预计参数（下沉系数 q 0.657，水平移动系数 b0.14，主要影响角正切 tan β1.73，开采影响传播 角θ88.7，拐点偏移距 S-1.04 m）。根据五沟煤矿充填开采实际情况， 利用工程数值模拟软件获得出五沟矿区不同充实率对地表沉陷移动变形变化规 律。利用地面钻孔和井下物探方法对充填开采时上覆岩层的两带发育高度的研 究，特别井下采用物探法，对充填 CT101 工作面的两带发育高度以及覆岩两带 动态周期变化规律研究，总结出充填开采的上覆岩层动态变化特性。 最后在论文中，全面对比分析五沟煤矿充填开采和全垮落法对上覆岩层两 带高度及动态变化、地表沉陷变形规律、土地效益等方面影响，总结出充填开 采与垮落法的开采沉陷规律的不同，让论文研究成果更好地指导五沟煤矿充填 开采工作，也为类似地质采矿条件下的充填开采方案设计及沉陷预计等方面提 供技术依据和参考。 该论文附图 47 幅，附表 19 个，参考文献 55 篇。 关键词关键词矸石充填；地表沉陷；概率积分法；两带发育高度。 万方数据 II Abstract In China, pillars supporting mine roofs underneath structure, railroads, or waterbodies impose great restriction to underground coal mining. This is especially true in East China, where many underground coal mines are underneath waterbodies. It is a great challenge to many coal mines to extract coals underneath waterbodies. WuGou coal mine is located in HuaiBei of AnHui Province. It employs the longwall mining technology and is facing similar underground mining challenges. The mine is covered with a strata of loose rocks with an average depth of 275m. At the lower part of the strata lies an aquifer with a depth of about 22m, which is right above the shallow part of the coal seam and is a major threat of water inrush. To safely extract the coals in the shallow seam, the backfilling coal excavation technique is used to reduce the vertical distance in goaf area behind the longwall face, aiming to avoid water inrush during coal excavation, especially the water inrush risk from the fourth aquifer. The benefits of backfilling is multi-folds increasing coal excavation yield, using less surface areas used to store mine rocks, reducing potential environment pollution to the mine surroundings, and reducing surface subsidence. As a result, backfilling saves land resources and increases the mine’s economic return. This study researched and analyzed the development of the backfilling technique, its status, technologies and theories related to surface subsidence when using backfilling, as well as some practical results and experiences. Based on the geological condition of WuGou mine, its mining condition, and the mechanical characteristics of the overhauling rocks, this study analyzed the pattern of the damages to the overhauling rocks and that of surface subsidence when the backfilling technique was used in mining. Surface relocation range and angular parameters, as well as dynamic deation parameters were obtained from surface relocation observation stations CT101 and CT103. Using the probability integral based on the genetic algorithm, surface relocation forecasting parameters were calculated for the WuGou mine using the backfilling technique subsidence parameter q 0.657, horizontal relocation parameter b 0.14, the tangent of the major influence angle β 1.73, coal excavation impact propagation angle θ 88.7  , and the shift of the inflection point S-1.04m. Based on the actual mining conditions at WuGou mine, an industrial numerical simulation software was used to identify the changing patterns in surface subsidence and relocation deation in relation to different backfilling rates. The heights of the caving zone and the water-flowing fractured zone above backfilling areas were investigated using surface drills and underground geophysical prospecting. The specific study in the CT101 longwall face using the geophysicalprospectingconcludedthedynamicmechanismofthe overhauling rocks above backfill areas. At the end, this study pered a comprehensive analysis of the differences in ation heights and the dynamics of the two belts in the overhauling rocks, surface subsidence patterns, and their impacts on land resources from the two common coal extraction s of backfilling and caving. Especially, the difference in subsidence 万方数据 III patterns could be used to guide the use of backfilling in WuGou mine. It will also provide a technical guide for coal mining using backfilling and subsidence forecast in areas with similar geological characteristics. KeyWords backfilling; surface subsidence; probability integral ; heights of the caving zone and water-lowing fractured zone. 万方数据 IV 目目录录 摘摘要要..........................................................................................................................ⅠⅠ 目目录录..........................................................................................................................IVIV 图清单图清单........................................................................................................................VIIVII 表清单表清单..........................................................................................................................XIXI 变量注释表变量注释表..............................................................................................................XIIIXIII 1 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................1 1 1.1 论文研究背景和工程意义.....................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状.....................................................................................................2 1.3 研究内容................................................................................................................6 2 2 矿井概况矿井概况....................................................................................................................7 7 2.1 地理交通................................................................................................................7 2.2 矿井生产概况........................................................................................................8 2.3 矿井地质条件......................................................................................................10 2.4 研究区域地质采矿条件......................................................................................15 3 3 CT101CT101、、CT103CT103 充填开采地表移动观测站概况充填开采地表移动观测站概况.................................................... 2121 3.1 地表移动观测站布设概况..................................................................................21 3.2 地表移动观测情况..............................................................................................21 4 4 地表移动规律分析及角值参数求取地表移动规律分析及角值参数求取......................................................................2424 4.1 CT101 工作面地表移动规律分析.......................................................................24 4.2 CT103 工作面地表移动规律...............................................................................34 4.3 充填开采移动盆地角值参数及范围确定..........................................................37 4.4 概率积分法预计模型..........................................................................................40 4.5 预计参数的确定..................................................................................................44 5 5 充填工作面不同采充比对地表沉陷程度影响研究充填工作面不同采充比对地表沉陷程度影响研究..............................................4545 5.1 充填工作面实际采空区充实率调查..................................................................45 5.2 充填工作面采充比对地表沉陷的影响研究......................................................48 5.3 不同充实率对地表沉陷影响规律的模拟研究..................................................50 6 6 充填开采上覆岩层两带高度及动态变化规律研究充填开采上覆岩层两带高度及动态变化规律研究...............................................5757 万方数据 V 6.1 充填开采上覆岩层两带高度研究内容..............................................................57 6.2 CT101 充填工作面物探两带高度成果...............................................................60 7 7 充填开采与全垮落法开采沉陷规律对比研究充填开采与全垮落法开采沉陷规律对比研究......................................................7070 7.1 地表移动沉陷对比研究......................................................................................70 7.2 上覆岩层两带高度及动态变化规律对比研究..................................................76 8 8 主要结论及建议主要结论及建议.......................................................................................................7979 参考文献参考文献......................................................................................................................8080 作者简历作者简历......................................................................................................................8383 论文原创性声明论文原创性声明..........................................................................................................8484 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集..........................................................................................................8 85 5 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract..................................................................................................................... ⅠⅠ Contents.....................................................................................................................VI List of Figures..........................................................................................................VII List of Tables.............................................................................................................XI List of Variables.....................................................................................................XIII 1 Introduction to the paper........................................................................................1 1.1 Research background and engineering significance of the paper...........................1 1.2 Research status at home and abroad.......................................................................2 1.3 Research content.....................................................................................................6 2 General situation of mine........................................................................................7 2.1 Geographic traffic...................................................................................................7 2.2 Construction of mine production............................................................................8 2.3 Conditions of mine geology mining.....................................................................10 2.4 Study on regional geological and mining condition............................................15 3 General situation of surface movement observation station for CT101 and CT103 filling and mining......................................................................................... 21 3.1 General layout of the surface movement observation station...............................21 3.2 Observation of surface movement........................................................................21 4 Surface movement rule analysis and angle parameter calculation...................24 4.1Analysis of surface movement law of CT101 working plane...............................24 4.2 Surface movement law of CT103 working plane.................................................34 4.3 Determination of basin range and angle parameters for surface movement........ 37 4.4 Probabilistic integral estimation model................................................................40 4.5 Determination of expected parameters.................................................................44 5 Influence of different mining and filling ratios on surface subsidence degree of filling working plane.................................................................................................45 5.1 Investigation of actual goaf filling rate in filling plane........................................45 5.2 Study on the effect of mining and filling ratio on surface subsidence................. 48 5.3Asimulation study of the effects of different filling rates on surface subsidence50 6 The Patterns of the ation heights and dynamics of the caving and 万方数据 VII water-flowing fractured zones.................................................................................57 6.1 Heights of the two zones over working faces with backfilling............................ 57 6.2 Measuring the heights of the two zones using geophysical prospecting over the CT101.........................................................................................................................60 7 Comparison of subsidence from backfilling and caving s.....................70 7.1Surface subsidence and relocation comparison.....................................................70 7.2 Comparison of the heights and dynamics of the two zones..................................76 8 Main conclusions of filling mining....................................................................... 79 References..................................................................................................................80 Author’s Resume.......................................................................................................83 Declaration of Thesis Originality............................................................................ 84 Thesis Data Collection.....................................................................................