高应力大变形软岩巷道复合支护技术研究与应用.pdf

贵 州 大 学 2019 届硕士研究生学位论文 高应力大变形软岩巷道复合支护技 术研究与应用 学科专业 矿业工程 研究方向 采矿工程 导 师 刘勇教授 研 究 生 韩 连 昌 中国﹒﹒贵州﹒﹒贵阳 2019 年 6 月 分 类 号 TD353 论文编号 2016022067 密 级 公开 万方数据 贵州大学 2019 届硕士研究生学位论文 第 I 页 目录 目录 ................................................................................................................................................... I 摘要 ................................................................................................................................................. III Summary .......................................................................................................................................... V 1 绪论 .............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 选题背景、意义及目的 ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 高应力软岩巷道支护理论国内外研究现状 .................................................................... 2 1.2.1 国内支护理论研究现状 .................................................................................................. 2 1.2.2 国外支护理论研究现状 .................................................................................................. 3 1.3 高应力软岩巷道支护技术国内外研究现状 ..................................................................... 5 1.3.1 国外支护技术研究现状 .................................................................................................. 5 1.3.2 国内支护技术研究现状 .................................................................................................. 6 1.4 研究内容及方法 ................................................................................................................. 8 1.4.1 研究内容.......................................................................................................................... 8 1.4.2 研究目标.......................................................................................................................... 8 1.4.3 研究方法.......................................................................................................................... 9 1.4.4 论文研究的特色与创新之处 .......................................................................................... 9 1.4.5 研究技术路线 .................................................................................................................. 9 2 高应力软岩巷道变形破坏机制研究 ......................................................................................... 11 2.1 软岩的定义及特性 ................................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 软岩定义 ................................................................................................................ 11 2.1.2 软岩分类........................................................................................................................ 11 2.2 软岩力学属性及特性 ....................................................................................................... 12 2.2.1 软岩工程力学特性 ....................................................................................................... 12 2.2.2 软岩工程力学属性 ....................................................................................................... 13 2.3 高应力软岩巷道变形破坏机理 ....................................................................................... 14 2.4 高应力软岩巷道变形破坏特征 ....................................................................................... 15 2.5 软岩巷道支护原则 ........................................................................................................... 17 2.6 本章小结........................................................................................................................... 19 3 “三壳支护理论”与灌浆支护技术研究 ...................................................................................... 20 3.1“三壳”支护概念 ................................................................................................................ 20 3.2 灌浆支护技术原理 .......................................................................................................... 21 3.2.1 浆液的网络骨架 ........................................................................................................... 21 3.2.2 灌浆缩小松动圈范围 ................................................................................................... 22 3.2.3 灌浆可阻水强化围岩圈 ............................................................................................... 23 3.3 “三壳”支护原理 ............................................................................................................... 24 3.4 “三壳”结构体承载能力计算 ........................................................................................... 26 3.5 “三壳”支护结构弹塑性分析 ........................................................................................... 29 3.5.1 弹性区应力及位移分析 ................................................................................................ 29 3.5.2 塑性区应力及位移分析 ................................................................................................ 31 3.5.3 破碎区应力及位移分析 ................................................................................................ 34 3.5.4 半径求解 ........................................................................................................................ 36 3.6 本章小结 ........................................................................................................................... 37 万方数据 贵州大学 2019 届硕士研究生学位论文 第 II 页 4 高应力软岩巷道支护数值模拟分析 ......................................................................................... 38 4.1 FLAC3D数值模拟软件 ..................................................................................................... 38 4.1.1 FLAC3D数值模拟软件简介 ............................................................................................ 38 4.1.2 FLAC3D数值模型建立原则 ............................................................................................ 38 4.2 支护方案确定 .................................................................................................................. 39 4.2.1 支护方案设计 ............................................................................................................... 39 4.2.2 支护参数确定 ............................................................................................................... 40 4.2.3 灌浆体力学性能测试 ................................................................................................... 41 4.3 数值模拟支护方案 ........................................................................................................... 49 4.3.1 数值模型 ........................................................................................................................ 49 4.3.2 数值模拟结果分析 ....................................................................................................... 51 4.4 本章小结........................................................................................................................... 60 5 工程实践..................................................................................................................................... 62 5.1 工程概况 ........................................................................................................................... 62 5.2 支护方案确定 ................................................................................................................... 66 5.3 巷道断面监测 ................................................................................................................... 70 5.3.1 监测目的....................................................................................................................... 70 5.3.2 监测原则....................................................................................................................... 70 5.3.3 监测仪器....................................................................................................................... 71 5.3.4 监测断面布置 ................................................................................................................ 72 5.4 监测结果与分析 ............................................................................................................... 72 5.5 本章小结........................................................................................................................... 76 6 结论与展望.................................................................................................................................. 77 6.1 结论 .................................................................................................................................. 77 6.1 展望 .................................................................................................................................. 78 致谢 ................................................................................................................................................ 79 参考文献......................................................................................................................................... 80 附录 ................................................................................................................................................ 83 万方数据 贵州大学 2019 届硕士研究生学位论文 第 III 页 高应力大变形软岩巷道复合支护技术研究与应用 摘要 软岩巷道的支护问题乃是世界地下工程一项重要而复杂的工程难题，地质条件日趋复 杂，高地应力、高地温、高渗透压以及强扰动影响加剧了软岩巷道的支护难度，巷道长期处 于“三高一低”的窘境支护成本高、支护难度高、围岩变形程度高、安全程度低，多数巷 道需多次返修、 多次扩刷、 多次支护， 尚不能有效控制围岩变形，保持巷道的稳定。 近几年， 软岩巷道的支护技术及支护理论虽取得了实质性的突破， 但仍存在不足之处， 这些不足之处 阻碍着软岩巷道支护技术的发展。 目前， 现有高应力软岩巷道支护技术仍不能满足不同地质 条件、不同应力、不同水理环境等条件下巷道围岩稳定性的控制，还处于探索、实践之中。 因此，迫切需要开展新的软岩巷道支护基础理论的研究，在新的基础理论研究指导下，使软 岩巷道的支护技术有新的突破和发展，以此来控制高应力、大变形的软岩巷道，使煤矿能够 安全高效的开采。 本文以贵州土城煤矿 141712 运输上山为工程背景，参考国内外相关文献，现场调研高 应力软岩巷道的变形破坏特征，分析软岩巷道的变形破坏机理，提出了“三壳”支护理论， 阐述了灌浆支护技术，揭示了“三壳”支护作用原理。基于此，采用 FLAC3D数值模拟模拟 不同的支护方案，通过不同的应力、位移、塑性区等分布特征，筛选出最有的支护方案，最 终将支护方案成功应用，通过现场的监测，支护效果良好，具体得出以下结论 1、阐述了软岩的定义、分类、力学特性及力学属性；系统分析软岩巷道的变形破坏特 征，其变形破坏特点主要有两帮内挤、顶板下沉、锚杆锚索失效、金属网网兜撕裂、底鼓 严重、断面收敛严重、泥化现象明显、非对称性变形等特征；基于此分析了软岩巷道的变形 破坏机理，主要从围岩岩性、地质条件、支护构件、水理作用及其他等方面进行分析。最 后，系统阐明了软岩巷道的支护原则。 2、提出了“三壳”支护概念；分析灌浆支护技术原理，从浆液的网络骨架、灌浆缩小 松动圈范围、灌浆可阻水强化围岩等三个方面进行分析；在灌浆支护技术的基础上分析“三 壳” 支护的作用原理。 主要原理在于 可避免出现支护薄弱环节、 可提高围岩主动承载性能、 可维持巷道围岩完整性、支护方式属于二次支护、支护可进行适度让压、可阻止水的侵蚀作 用等。同时建立了“三壳”支护结构力学分析模型，推导出“三壳”的极限承载能力计算公 式；其次建立“三壳”支护结构计算模型，推导出“三壳”弹性区、塑性区、破碎区应力及 位移求解公式。 万方数据 贵州大学 2019 届硕士研究生学位论文 第 IV 页 3、介绍了 FLAC3D数值模拟软件，阐述了数值模型的建立原则，根据现场的调研及地 质资料建立了三维地质模型。 同时根据现场调研分析， 设计了三种支护方案进行模拟对比分 析；数值模拟分析结果表明锚杆索灌浆U 型钢支护方案最优；同时得出，支护断面的 选择现场可根据不同的地质情况和巷道的服务类型选择不同的巷道断面形状。 对于巷道变形 破坏严重，断面尺寸较大的选择圆形巷道断面、断面要求不大，但底鼓变形严重的选择马蹄 形巷道断面、顶板下沉、两帮内挤较为严重，但底鼓量较小时选择半圆拱巷道断面。 4、以贵州土城煤矿 141712 运输上山为工程背景，根据现场的实际地质条件、现场勘查 和理论分析，确定该巷道的支护方案为杆锚索灌浆U 型钢的联合支护方案以及巷道断面 形状采用半圆拱形，详细的介绍了巷道围岩变形监测的目的、监测原则、以及 YJDM3.6 矿 用激光巷道断面检测仪的检测原理，对 141712 运输上山巷道的顶板、两帮以及底板的变形 破坏数据进行现场监测、记录和整理。监测结果表明道支护完成后围岩变形主要分为三个 阶段急剧增长变形阶段、缓慢增长变形阶段以及趋于稳定阶段等三个阶段，最终顶板最终 变形量 69.22mm，底鼓量 64.11mm，两帮移近量 72.45mm，灌浆支护技术提高了围岩自身 的主动承载性能，有效的控制了巷道围岩的失稳变形。 关键词关键词高应力、软岩巷道、“三壳”支护、数值模拟、现场实测 万方数据 贵州大学 2019 届硕士研究生学位论文 第 V 页 Research and Application on Composite Support Technology of High Stress and Large Deation Soft Rock Roadway Summary The support problem of soft rock roadway has always been an important and complicated technical issue in underground engineering. The geological conditions are increasingly complex. The high ground stress, high ground temperature, high osmotic pressure and strong disturbance affect the difficulty of support in soft rock roadway. The roadway has long been in the dilemma of “three highs and one low” high cost of support, high difficulty of support, high degree of deation of surrounding rock and low safety. Most roadways need multiple repairs, multiple expansions, and multiple supports, and it is hard to effectively control the deation of surrounding rock and keep the stability of the roadway. In recent years, although the support technology and support theory of soft rock roadway have made substantial breakthroughs, there are still some shortcomings, which hinder the development of soft rock roadway support technology. At present, the existing high-stress soft rock roadway support technology can not meet the control of surrounding rock stability under different geological conditions, different stresses, different water environment and other conditions, and is still in the process of exploration and practice. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out research on the new foundation theory of soft rock roadway support to control high stress and large deation soft rock roadway, and enable the mining activities to be safely and efficiently. This paper takes the 141712 transport uphill in Tucheng mine as the engineering background, refers to the related literatures at home and abroad, investigates the deation and failure characteristics of high stress soft rock roadway, analyzes the deation and failure mechanism of soft rock roadway, and proposed the “triple-shell“ support theory, expounded the grouting support technology, and revealed the principle of “triple-shell” support. Use FLAC3D numerical simulation to simulate different support schemes. Through different distribution characteristics such as stress, displacement and plastic zone, the optimal support scheme is selected. Finally, the support scheme is successfully applied and monitored through the site. The effect of the protection is good, and the following conclusions are drawn 1. Explained the definition, classification, mechanical properties and mechanical properties of soft rock study, the deation and failure characteristics of soft rock roadway are systematically analyzed. The deation and failure characteristics of the soft rock are mainly internal squeezing, roof sinking, anchor cable anchor failure, metal mesh pocket The characteristics of tearing, serious bottom drum, serious section convergence, obvious muddy 万方数据 贵州大学 2019 届硕士研究生学位论文 第 VI 页 phenomenon and asymmetric deation are analyzed. Based on this, the deation and failure mechanism of soft rock roadway is analyzed, mainly from surrounding rock lithology, geological conditions, supporting members, Analysis of water effects and other aspects. Finally, the system clarifies the principle of support for soft rock roadways. 2. Proposed the concept of “triple-shell“ support conception; the principle of grouting support technology was analyzed, and the analysis was carried out from three aspects the network skeleton of the slurry, the narrowing range of grouting and the loosening circle, and the grouting to prevent water from strengthening the surrounding rock; the basis of grouting support technology Analyze the principle of action of the “triple-shell“ support. The main principle is it can avoid the weak link of support, improve the active bearing capacity of surrounding rock, maintain the integrity of surrounding rock of roadway, support mode is secondary support, support can moderate pressure, can prevent water erosion Function and so on. At t