WuM1_1羽状分支水平井充气钻井液技术.pdf

文章编号 100156202006 030045 02 WuM11 羽状分支水平井充气钻井液技术 张明海1 陈永奇1 王洪升1 蒋明1 吴宏宾1 杨丽红2 张津林2 龙寿发1 1. 华北石油管理局第二钻井工程公司工程技术部, 河北任丘; 2. 渤海石油职业学院, 河北任丘 摘要 WuM1 1 井由 1 口多分支水平井和 1 口采气的直井组成。该井斜井段短, 井斜率在 30 / 100 m 以上, 主 井眼和 10 个分支井段总进尺 6182 m, 98 以上在煤层中钻进, 煤层脆、 压实性较好, 更易发生掉块。为满足钻井对 井壁稳定性、 润滑性、 井眼净化以及煤层保护等的要求, 采用钾铵基聚合物防塌钻井液进行充气欠平衡钻井, 在钻 进中保持钻井液有合适的粘度、 切力, 选用合适的注气压力和注气量以及当量钻井液密度; 每钻完一个立柱坚持循 环几分钟, 上下划眼一次, 并泵入 CMC 高粘钻井液, 配合有效使用固控设备, 尽量使井眼干净; 复配使用粉末状固 体润滑剂和液体润滑剂。该钻井液性能稳定, 易于维护, 悬浮携岩能力强, 润滑性好, 井眼畅通, 保证了 WuM11 井 安全、 快速、 优质施工。该井在煤层钻进中无阻卡现象, 井壁稳定, 没有出现井壁掉块或井垮现象, 水平连通一次成 功, 10 口分支井悬空侧钻一次成功, 只用 57 d 即顺利完井, 比该地区常规钻井快 49 倍。 关键词 钾铵基聚合物防塌钻井液 井眼稳定 煤层气井 多分支水平井 充气欠平衡钻井 悬空定向 中图分类号 T E254. 3文献标识码 A WuM11 井是一个井组, 由 1 口采气的直井和 1 口多分支水平井组成, 分支井由 1 口水平主井眼 和 10 个两边对称分支井眼组成。针对斜井段和水 平段煤层气井欠平衡钻井对井壁稳定性、 润滑性、 井 眼净化以及煤层保护等方面的技术要求, 采用钾铵 基聚合物防塌钻井液, 保证了施工的顺利进行, 全井 无任何复杂和事故。 1 地质工程概况 WuM11井直井井身结构 311 mm 62. 00 m 244. 5 mm 59. 85 m 215. 9 mm 950. 00 m 177. 8 mm 946. 50 m ; 多分支水平井井身结 构 311 mm 53. 00 m 244. 5 mm 51. 44 m 215. 9 mm 951. 00 m 177. 8 mm 949. 00 m 152. 4 mm 2000 m。 地质概况如表 1 所示。 2 钻井液技术难点 WuM11井水平分支井二开斜井段较短, 井斜 变化率很大, 在 30/ 100 m 以上; 煤层厚度大, 三开 煤层进尺总计为 6182 m, 加上多次悬空分支定向, 增加了携带岩屑和防卡的难度; 钻井液长期浸泡煤 层给主井眼的井壁稳定也增加了很大的难度。因此 WuM11 井的钻井液技术难点为润滑防卡、 井壁稳 定和井眼净化。 表 1 地质概况 层位 底界/m主要岩性 新生界23灰黄色砂粘土、 粉砂、 砾石 石千 峰组 322 上部以棕红色细砂岩为主; 下部棕色细砂岩、 浅灰色中砂岩与棕红、 紫红砂质泥岩, 底部为 灰白、 黄绿色含砾粗砂岩或含砾中砂岩 上石 盒子组 634 上部暗紫、 砂质泥岩, 中部灰紫色细砂岩、 与 泥岩砂质泥岩夹灰绿色、 紫色粉砂岩, 下部为 黄色砂岩夹灰绿色、 紫色泥岩 下石 盒子组 719. 8 杂色泥岩与灰色细砂岩、 灰白色细砂岩、 砾状 砂岩 山西 组 837 灰色、 浅灰色砂岩、 泥质粉砂岩, 灰、 深灰色泥 岩、 粉砂质泥岩, 黑色泥岩, 黑色煤 太原组878. 5 灰黑、 深灰色泥岩、 砂岩, 黑色泥岩, 黑色煤 第一作者简介 张明海, 工程师, 1998年毕业于西南石油学院化学工程系, 现从事现场钻井液技术管理工作。地址 河北 省任丘市华北石油管理局第二钻井工程公司工程技术部; 邮政编码 062552; 电话 0317 2788693/13785806253。 第 23 卷 第 3 期 钻 井 液 与 完 井 液 Vol. 23 No. 3 2006 年 5 月 DRILLING FLUID 而粘度、 切力太低 则无法保证钻井液在该井段的携岩效果。钻进中, 通过及时补充 0. 5 PAC141 和 1. 25 2. 5 HMP21 或 NPAN 胶液的方法, 保持钻井液粘度为 40 45 s, 切力为 1 3 Pa, 满足了充气欠平衡钻井 的要求。三开钻井液密度为 1. 08 g/ cm 3, 粘度为 42 45 s, 滤失量为 2 4 mL, 切力为 1 3 Pa, 45 min 摩阻系数为 0. 06 0. 08。 3. 3. 2 煤层的井壁稳定 该水平井主井眼及 10 个分支井主要在煤层中 穿行, 能否实施欠平衡钻井作业的技术关键是井壁 稳定问题。在钻井液中加入 FT346, 既可增强钻井 液的防塌能力, 稳定井壁, 同时还起到了保护储层的 作用。在钻进过程中, K 含量始终在 2 左右, 并 通过加入防塌剂和降滤失剂, 使钻井液滤失量保持 在 2 4 mL 之间, 尽量减少滤液对煤层的浸泡, 避 免井壁失稳, 保证施工的顺利进行。 3. 3. 3 井眼净化 主井眼及分支井井斜大 90 , 给钻井液携砂带 来一定困难, 且煤层钻速快, 钻井液中煤屑浓度大, 容易形成煤屑床。如钻井液的携岩能力较弱或工程 上采取措施不当, 都有可能造成卡钻。施工中, 每钻 完一个立柱, 坚持循环几分钟, 上下划眼一次, 并泵 入 1 min 约 0. 9 m3 左右 CMC 高粘钻井液, 提高钻 井液的携岩能力, 清洁井眼, 尽量使井眼及井壁干 净, 减少沉砂卡钻的几率。钻进时密切注意观察扭 矩值的变化情况, 并结合井口返出情况和气测结果 现场确定注气压力。尽量减少起下钻次数, 以降低 钻柱拉磨井壁的程度。 3. 3. 4 润滑防卡 由于二开斜井段短 712 951 m , 井眼轨迹曲 率变化大, 造斜率在 30/ 100 m 以上; 煤层钻进中水 平段长 主井眼及 10 个分支井眼总进尺达 6182 m , 多次悬空定向, 且采取无线随钻, 不能加入颗粒 状固相润滑剂, 无形中增加了防卡的难度。 下转第 53 页 46 钻 井 液 与 完 井 液 2006 年 5 月 3. 3 井径扩大率对比 霍 001、 霍 002 和霍 003 井三开井段井径扩大 率分别为 12. 75 、 13和 1. 05 , 霍 003 井四开井 段井径扩大率为 8. 01 。由此可见霍 003 井井身 质量和井径扩大优于邻井。 表 1 机械钻速与邻井对比 井号 井眼大小/ mm井段/m机械钻速/ m/h 霍 001 444. 5153. 00 1498. 002. 57 311. 21498. 00 2071. 731. 51 霍 002 444. 5194. 00 1860. 002. 49 311. 21860. 00 2026. 561. 01 霍 003 406. 4149. 00 1580. 505. 03 311. 21580. 50 2000. 003. 13 4 认识与结论 1 霍尔果斯背斜构造极其复杂, 地层受构造运 动的影响, 内应力极高, 断层多, 破碎带多; 地层高 陡, 倾斜角大, 灰绿色泥岩, 绿灰色泥岩、 褐色泥岩地 层极易水化、 膨胀、 分散, 缩径严重, 自上而下, 自始 至终造浆严重; 深灰色泥岩极易掉块, 垮塌。 2 与饱和盐水钻井液、 钾钙基 PRT 钻井液、 有 机盐聚合醇钻井液相比较, 有机盐聚合醇氯化钾钻 井液具有更好的强抑制、 强封堵、 强造壁、 强携带特 性和良好的储层保护能力。 3 在高密度下, 对有机盐聚合醇氯化钾钻井 液, 未选出合适的稀释剂, 钻井液的流动性较差。 收稿日期 2005 12 17; HGF 063W6; 编辑 汪桂娟 上接第 46 页 在钻井施工中采用由粉末状润滑剂和液体润滑 剂配成防卡胶液 1. 5 2. 5 FT346 1. 5 2. 5 RH525 1. 0 2. 0 极压润滑剂 。 在钻进过程中及时补充其在钻井液中的含量, 确保 了井下安全。 4 储层保护技术 采取的保护储层措施有 控制好注气压力 8 MPa 左右 和注气量 7. 5 m 3 及环空钻井液密度 0. 92 g/ cm 3 , 避免钻井液滤液及固相侵入储层; 保持 K含量在 2 左右, 对煤层进行保护; 加快 钻进速度, 减少煤层浸泡时间及滤液侵入量; 加入 足够量的储层保护剂, 使储层保护剂在钻井液中含 量达到 2。 5 施工效果 在施工过程中钻井液性能稳定, 易于维护, 悬浮 携岩能力强, 润滑性好, 井眼畅通; 在煤层钻进中无 阻卡现象, 井壁稳定, 没有出现井壁掉块或井垮现 象, 10个分支井悬空侧钻一次成功, 保证了安全、 快 速、 优质施工。 6 认识与结论 1 一开通过采用高粘度高切力钻井液, 使其具 有较强的悬浮、 携带能力, 有效地防止了沉砂卡钻问 题的发生。 2 二开地层老、 硬度大、 研磨性强, 岩屑细, 要 经常排放三角罐中的沉砂, 以便使高分子量聚合物 有效絮凝沉淀钻井液中的微细粒钻屑。 3 三开钻进中既要保证井壁稳定, 又要保护煤 层, 根据岩屑及 dc指数, 选择合适的注气压力、 注气 量及钻井液当量密度很关键。 4 对于水平分支井, 井眼净化是关键, 所以良 好的固控设备尤为重要。 5 CMC 基液能够极大地提高钻井液携岩效率。 参 考 文 献 [1] 鄢捷年. 钻井液工艺学. 山东东营 石油大学出版 社. 2000 收稿日期 20051209; HGF 063W10; 编辑 汪桂娟 53 第 23 卷 第 3 期 艾贵成等 有机盐聚合醇氯化钾钻井液的应用 were conducted and a number of ulations of cement slurry suitable to casings at different depths were determined among them there are low density cement slurry, medium temperature high density cement slurry, and high temperature high density cement slurry. Applications of all these cement slurries of varied ulations obtained good results all cases passed the quality verification standard. Key words cementing in deep well, prevention of lost circulation, prevention of channeling, stability at high temperature, cement slurry, application, Puguang gasfield First authors address Cementing Engineering Faculty of Zhongyuan Exploration Bureau, puyang, H enan Study and Application of a New Type LCM. DFCF, 2006, 233 42 44 AuthorsWUNG Fuhua, WEI Zhenlu, KANG Lianli, Yue Yanhua , WU Fupin Abstract A new bridging type LCM named LD was prepared using waste rubber products as raw material according to a specific innovated manufacturing technology based on complicated physicalchemical reac tions. T his LCM is in granular and fibrous shape of concave and convex locations on thorny surface and is characterized by its chemical stability at high temperature, somewhat flexibility, toughness and strength, low density, acid and alkali resistance and nonfluorescence. T he application practices proved that it s a effective plugging with minor penetration depth and high strength, less influences on drilling fluid prop erties and benefits to reducing HT HP FL and core permeability recovery. T he operations in the seven wells in Changqing Oilfield showed that this LCM has satisfied effect on prevention and killing loss of cir culation and low cost in comparison with the routine LCM. Key words drilling, lost circulation, LCM, rubber, test First authors address College of Petroleum Engineering in the China University of Petroleum, Dongying, Shandong Aerated Drilling Fluid for Feather Horizontal Well of WuM11. DFCF, 2006, 233 45 46 AuthorsZHANG Minghai, CHEN Yongqi, WANG Hongsheng, JIANG Ming WU Hongbin, YANG Lihong, ZHANG Jinlin, LONG Shoufa Abstract Wum11 well is composed of a multilateral horizontal section and a vertical section. The well has a short deviation section and a deviation angle of more than 30/ 100 m. Wum11 well with a original hole and 10 branch holes has a total depth of 6182 m. More than 98 penetration are in coal ation in which collapse accidents frequently occur as a result of it is brittle and has a better compactability. The potassi umammonium polymer base antisloughing drilling fluid was employed in aerated underbalanced drilling operation to maintain borehole stability and meet the requirement of lubrication, clean drilling and coal for mation protection. And maintaining appropriate viscosity, yield, gas injection pressure and equivalent den sity of drilling fluid were also required. Several minutes circulation and once reciprocate reaming were nec essary each vertical column depth and then maintain a clean borehole by pumping CMC high viscosity fluid coupled with effective solid phase control. The combination product composed of powered solid lubricant and liquid lubricant was also employed. Results indicated that this drilling fluid assured WuM11 well safe, quick and high quality drilling operation because it presented stable perance, easy maintenance, stronger cuttings suspension and transportation, favorable lubrication and provided a unrestricted bore hole. No sticking and collapse accidents occurred in coal reservoir. T he horizontal connection and pending 85Vol. 23, No. 3 ABSTRACT sidetrack drilling 10 branches were all operated successfully at first time. A drilling period of only 57 days was acquired. Drilling speed of WuM11 well was 49 times faster than conventional drilling operation in this area. Key words potassiumammonium polymer base antisloughing drilling fluid, borehole stability, coalbed gas well, multibranched horizontal well, aerated underbalance drilling, pending deviation First authors address No. 2 Drilling Engineering Company of Huabei Petroleum Administration, Renqiu, Hebei Study and Application of Drilling Fluid for the Complex Deep Wells in Qingxi Area. DFCF, 2006, 233 47 50 Authors LIANG Wei, CHEN Zhixue, SUN Mengci, YU Wenhua, LI Jiajun Abstract Qingxi area has a complicated geology. Lost circulation, tight hole, sloughing and stuck oc curred frequently in drilling operations. It is indicated from the experimental data of the cuttings in Long 8 well that the distribution of clay minerals contents was M shape. The minerals in the section from 1700m to 3300m had the significant trends of hydration and swelling. T he mudstones below the Xiagou section had few hydration, while had mature fractures and serious stress relief. To solve these challenges, the cat ion drilling fluid was employed. Results indicated that this drilling fluid had better inhibition and mud cake quality. Field trials showed that nondrilling time was reduced from the average 1. 69 to 1. 42 and av erage drilling period was shortened from 182. 1 d to 133. 2 d. The average hole enlargement in the pay zone was also reduced from 15. 81 to 9. 4 and the cementing quality more than 90 exhibited excellent. So the cation drilling fluid developed can meet the requirements of drilling operations in this area. Key words cation drilling fluid, Qingxi area, drilling additives, hole stability, ation damage control First authors address Yumen Oilfield Downhole Serves Company, Yumen, Gansu Application of Organic Salt/ Polyglycol/ KCl Drilling Fluid. DFCF, 2006, 233 51 53 AuthorsAI Guicheng, QIU Peiyu, WANG Hong, ZHANG Jinghui, JIANG Shuchun Abstract Huoer Guosi was a composite anticline and had a extremely high internal stress. And also, the ation was characterized by large strata dip, plenty of crush zone, presence of high low pressure alter nate layer and serious argillutite hydration. The well of Huo 003 was a major exploration well and em ployed organic salt/ polyglycol/ KCl drilling fluid in the third and fourth drilling section. Active iron ore and barite were also present in the ulation of drilling fluid to provide favorable rheology in heavier weighted fluids of 2. 55 g/ cm3. Application results indicated that the organic salt/ polyglycol/ KCl drilling fluid presented a favorable rheology and so strong cuttings carrying capacity that a 2. 8 kg block and a 5. 1 kg block were once transported to the surface. It had lower filtration and high quality mudcake, stronger sealing and wall building properties and can also significantly lessen logy and can effectively protect the for mation. Improved ROP and drilling period and better wellbore quality than the offset well were acquired as a result of employing that fluid. However, the study showed that thinner for organic salt/ polyglycol/ KCl drilling fluid is essential in heavier weighted fluid and inferior rheology would obtained if no matching thin ner was selected. Key words organic salt/ polyglycol/ KCl drilling fluid, high density drilling fluid, hole stability, per 86 DRILLING FLUID COMPLET ION FLUID May 2006