稳恒电流.pdf

1 2 1. 18 1729 Stephen Gray ρ ρ 3 1 10-8Ω m10-6Ω m 2 106Ω m1018Ω m 3 3 10-6Ω m106Ω m 2. 1 2-1 PPPL 2 4 3 4 5 Coulomb 5 999 2-22-32-4 6 2-2 2-3 2-4 7 6 , 2-1 2-5 HT-7U 2-5 HT-7U 8 3 1 10-28 Ω m 0-8Ω m 2-6 2-6 2 Kamerlingh-Onnes Heike 1853-1926 2-7 1911 9 1911 4.22 K4.27K 1913 2-7 3 4BCS 1957 J.Bardeen L.N.CooperJ.R.Schrieffer 2-8 BCS 1972 30K 10 2-8 BCS 5 1986 J.G.BednorzK.A.Muller 2-9 BCS , 1987 2-9 11 2-10 TC 12 1986 12 1987 1 Sr-La-Cu-O TC48.6 KBa-La-Cu-o TC 46.3 K1987 2 16 98 K 1987 2 24 100K 92.8 K 78.5 K BaxY5-xCu5O53-y 1988122Bi-Sr-ca-Cu-OTC105 K 19883Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O TC 125 K1993 4 Hg-Ba-Ca-Cu-O TC 134 K 2-10 TC TC 2-11 2-12 CERN LHC 2002 9 505km/h, 30 2003 1 2 Tc 3 Tc 13 2-11 2-12 CERN LHC 14 1 1 0 ,, ≡ ∂ ∂ t zyxρ 0≡ E 2 2-13 15 2-13 2 1 1 2 2-14 10-14 16 2-14 x0 2A 2 2-15 17 2-15 20 50 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 c z b y a x 2 1 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 − c z b y a x abc Q π σ 18 3 σ σ σ σ/ε ε ε ε0 216∆S σ E ∆h 0 ∆ ∆⋅⋅⋅⋅ 0 ε σS SEdsEdsEdsEsdE S 0 ε σ E ∆S ∆h σ 19 2-16 3 1 2-17 2-17 2-18 2 2-18 3 219 20 AB B B B B A 220B E0 A A B 2-19 2-20 21 1 σ E σσ E 3 4km20 30MV 100MV 2-21 2-21 σ 2-22 22 2-22 2 223 1000A 2-24 2-25 23 2-23 2-25 1.0nm, 6.5105 24 2-24 FIM 25 3 Van der Graff 2-26 A C B D DE F F A A 107 V 2-26 26 2-27