快速测定地面水中阴离子表面活性剂.pdf

监 测 与 评 价 快速测定地面水中阴离子表面活性剂 冯锦梅 张海荣 姜堰市环境监测站, 江苏 225500 摘要 通过比对实验来探讨用孔雀绿试剂法测定地面水中阴离子表面活性剂的可行性。 实验结果证明, 该方法精密 度与准确性均达到现行监测规范要求, 与国标亚甲基蓝分光光度法相比具有操作简单, 不用萃取剂, 分析时间短的优 点, 可适用于地面水的监测。 关键词 阴离子表面活性剂 孔雀绿试剂法 初探 0 引言 目前地面水中阴离子表面活性剂的标准分析方 法是亚甲基蓝分光光度法 [ 1,2] 国标GB7494- 87 ,但是 该方法操作步骤繁琐, 分析时间长, 且萃取剂三氯甲 烷用量较大 ,每分析一个水样至少耗费50 mL三氯甲 烷,需要近1. 5 h。根据有关文献报道孔雀绿试剂与 阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠 DOSO3Na 反应 会形成紫色离子缔合物 ,其最大吸收位于582 nm处, 其吸光度与浓度符合比耳定律的实验原理 。本方法 通过一系列实验证明 ,该方法精密度与准确度均达到 现行监测规范要求, 具有操作简单 ,不用萃取剂,批量 样品分析时间短的优点。 1 实验准备 在100 mL的比色管中加入一定量的 DOSO3Na 标 准使用液, 3. 0 mL浓度为1. 0 mg L孔雀绿溶液以及 1. 0 mL 。pH 7. 00缓冲溶液,用水冲至刻度,摇均。在 室温条件下 ,放置 20 min, 用1 cm比色皿于582 nm处 测定吸光度。 2 结果与讨论 2. 1 标准曲线 分取 0. 00, 0. 05, 0. 10, 0. 30 , 0. 50, 0. 70, 0. 90, 1. 00 mL DOSO3Na 标准溶液, 按实验步骤绘制标准曲 线,其回归方程 y 0. 603x 0. 005。 标准曲线呈现良好的线性关系 ,其相关系数 r 为 0. 9998,空白实验的吸光度 A0为 0. 008。 2. 2 精密度与准确度 1 精 密度 实验 分别 用 30. 0 μ g 和 60. 0 μ g DOSO3Na 标准溶液重复测定 5次 ,其相对标准偏差分 别为 1. 1和 1. 6。从测定结果表 1 可看出, 具有 较好的精密度。 表 1 精密度实验结果 含量 μ g 测定次数 12345 相对标准偏差 RSD 30 . 00. 2970. 3030 . 3050 . 2980. 3021. 1 60 . 00. 6050. 6120 . 5960 . 5920. 6151. 6 2 准确度实验 采集地面水样品 2 份, 加入 DOSO3Na 标准溶液做加标回收实验 ,结果见表 2。 表 2 准确度实验结果 样品编号样品本底值 μ g加标量 μ g测得值 μ g加标回收率 地面水10 . 320. 500. 7791 地面水20 . 370. 500. 8393 2. 3 方法比对 采集不同河流的地面水样品 2份 ,分别用孔雀绿 试剂法与亚甲基蓝分光光度法 GB7494- 87 测试, 结 果见表3。 表 3 方法比对分析结果mg L 样品编号孔雀绿试剂法 亚甲基蓝分光光度法相对偏差 地面水10. 0850 . 088- 1. 7 地面水20. 0920 . 0901. 1 3 注意事项 3. 1 pH 值的影响 用孔雀绿试剂法测定 DOSO3Na 时,发现在 pH 2 时,孔雀绿与 DOSO - 3能形成颜色很深的配合物。该 配合物具有较强的吸光值, 但极不稳定 , 常温下 4 ～ 5 min就褪成无色。在 pH 4. 0 时, 体系有絮状沉淀生 成,影响吸光值的测定 。当 pH 在 6. 0 ～ 8. 0 范围内 时,显色剂与 DOSO3Na 显色明显且稳定 。 3. 2 试剂加入顺序对吸光值的影响 试剂加入顺序对显色反应有很大的影响 ,实验结 果表明,试剂加入最佳顺序为 DOSO3Na, 缓冲液 ,显色 下转第 59 页 56 环 境 工 程 2006年 8 月第24 卷第4 期 图 4 BOD5与 PI 的关系 图5 DO 与 PI 的关系 高,大通煤矿和谢二煤矿塌陷塘的污染指数 PI 也呈 升高势态 。CODCr和 BOD5的升高, 正说明被还原性 物质污染程度和被有机污染程度的增高 ,恰好污染指 数 PI 也相应增高 。它们的对水质检测的侧重点不 同,但对水质的污染检测结果是一致的 。从图 5可以 看出随着 DO 的升高, 大通煤矿和谢二煤矿塌陷塘污 染指数 PI 呈下降的趋势 ,DO 升高说明水中溶解氧的 增加 ,即水质状况变好,相应的污染指数 PI 降低 。同 CODCr和 BOD5一样,它们的侧重点不同 , 宜配合使用 能综合反应水质状况 ,将使污染评价更加全面 。 3 讨论 本研究用蚕豆微核技术和水质监测的理化生物 等指标监测淮南煤矿塌陷塘水体的水质 ,各种指标综 合反映了塌陷塘水质状况 。其中微核率与氯化物 、 电 导率、具有一定的相关性, 污染指数 PI 与 CODCr、 BOD5和 DO 基本上呈一致性的关系。为此使用蚕豆 微核技术可监测塌陷塘水体的污染状况 。 从监测的结果来看, 淮南这2 个煤矿塌陷塘水体 的水质已经受到污染 。其原因塌陷塘为封闭系统 ,不 与外界流通 ,有毒物不易排出 。除此之外 ,矿井水的 外排 、 煤在开采运输途中有害元素的迁移和矿区生态 环境都对塌陷塘的水环境有影响。 参考文献 [ 1] Degrassi F ,et al. The eutilization of micronucleus test in Viciafaba root rips to detect mutagen damage on fresh water pollution. Mutationres, 1982,97 19 -23. [ 2] 朱必才, 段昌群. 利用蚕豆根尖细胞诱变法监测产河西安河段污 染的研究. 遗传, 1988, 10 5 15-19. [ 3] 陈光荣. 利用蚕豆根尖的微核技术监测青山湖污染的研究. 中国 环境科学, 1985, 5 4 1 -7. [ 4] 王永兴. 利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术监测太湖水质的研究. 中国 环境科学, 1997, 17 3 252 -254. [ 5] 吴剑峰. 蚕豆根尖微核技术监测南通市濠河水质污染的研究. 生 物学杂志, 1996, 16 1 23-25. [ 6] 国家环保局. 环境监测技术规范. 北京 中国环境科学出版社, 1991 . [ 7] Ji Q ,Chen Y F. Viciafaba root tip micronucleus test on the mutagenicity of water -soluble contents of cigarette smoke. Mutation Res. , 1996,359 1 -6. [ 8] 陈光荣, 金波, 李明等. 污染指数在微核技术监测水质污染中的 应用. 中国环境科学, 1986, 6 2 60 -63. 作者通讯处 姚恩亲 232001 安徽省 淮南市 安徽理工大学资源与 环境工程系 E -mail pfyiao163. com 2005- 10-18 收稿 上接第 56页 剂,每加入一种试剂均需摇均 ,否则灵敏度偏低。 4 结论 综上所述, 用孔雀绿试剂法进行标准曲线、精密 度与准确度的实验结果符合现行监测规范要求,与亚 甲基蓝分光光度法相比, 具有操作简便 , 分析时间短 的优点。因此, 用孔雀绿试剂法测定地面水中阴离子 表面活性剂具有一定的可行性 。 参考文献 [ 1] 国家环保局水和废水监测分析方法编委会. 水和废水监测分 析方法. 第3 版. 北京 中国环境科学出版社,1991. [ 2] 国家环保局指南编写组. 环境监测机构计量认证和创建优质 实验室指南. 北京 中国环境科学出版社, 1994 386. 作者通讯处 冯锦梅 225500 江苏省姜堰市税招路 20 号 环境保 护监测站 电话 0523 8263642 2005- 07-25 收稿 59 环 境 工 程 2006年 8 月第24 卷第4 期 APPLICATION OF ATOMIZER IN DESULFURIZATION TOWER BY WET SPRAYING Chen Minggong Fu Yongqiang Yuan Xining 40 Abstract Atomizer is the key part of desulfurization by wet spraying. The plane layout of atomizer and the designof space in desulfurization tower are demonstrated, and some familiar problems are discussed by combining practical engineering instance. In order to assure stable efficiency of desulfurization, the combined parts of atomizer should be designed rightly and the model andmaterial of atomizer should be selected reasonably, while the erection and maint enance ways should be correct. Keywords atomizer, flue gas from boiler andwet desulfurization THE OPTIMIZATIONOF THE THROAT OF VENTURI SCRUBBER ZhangYanfang Li Yuping 42 Abstract The relationship between pressure drop and the length of throat is gained with the ula from the literature. At the same time, the variation of the efficiency and the ratio of efficiency to pressure drop with the length of the throat and gas velocity are calculated with the William Licht ula. From these results, for a given efficiency, an optimal combination of the length and diameter of throat isgained, under which the pressure drop is the lowest one. The results are meaningfulfor optimizing the design of the throat construction and reducing operating cost of a venturi scrubber. Keywords venturi scrubber, pressure drop, throat and efficiency PRELIMINARY STUDY ON PROCESSING OIL-BASED CALCIUM CARBONATE MUD OBCCM INTO RUBBER FILLERSKuang Shaoping Nie Yongfeng 45 Abstract Based on the theories of macromolecule and rubber engineering , the feasibility that the mud can be processed into rubber fillers is demonstrated. As an example in Zhongyuan Oil Field, SINOPEC, the OBCCM was carefully ground into the powder less than 320 mesh. By the rubber processing and the subsequent product tests, it is suggested that there shouldbe no relations between the quality of the rubber products and the salty contents of the powdery mud, and the heterogeneous ingredients of the powder do not also influence the quality of rubber products seriously. As compared with the rubber fillers of the common and nanometer calcium carbonates, the filling effects of the powder can not be distinguished from processing features and mechanical characters. Moreover, the dispersing trend of the powder in rubber ingerdients, the crosslinking properties of rubber molecules, the anti -abrasion and the rebound are slightly superior to the countparts of the common and nanometer calcium carbonate fillers. Keywords oil-based mud, calcium carbonate, rubber filler and resources utilization THE COURSE AND PRACTICE OF TREATING DREDGING POLLUTED SEDIMENTS BY LANDFILL IN NETHERLANDSLi Tao Zhang Zhihong Tang Baorong 48 Abstract The lakes and rives in Netherlandswere badly polluted due to high industrialization, developed navigation and special geographical conditions. In order to treat thoroughly these polluted watersheds, itis imperative to drege the sediments containing many pollutants. It is introduced first the policies and laws of treating the dredging polluted sediments in Netherlands, research on disposal technology of sediments by landfill, and the guiding principles of building closed landfill sites. Finally a history case by such landfill technology is also given. Keywords environmental dredging, polluted sediment and closed landfill site PILOT -SCALE PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE NO-FIRED BRICKS FROM RED MUD IN ALUMINIUM INDUSTRYYang Jiakuan Hou Jian Qi Bo et al 52 Abstract A first pilot line for no -firedbrick, made from redmud, fly ash, and small particlesfrom crashedCaCO3ores, has been developed. The red mud brickswere produced by two curing processes. The redmud bricks curing at ambient conditions, reach the standard of grade 15 high quality products JC T 422-1991 1996 ; and the redmud bricks curing at high pressure water vapor curing process, reach the standard of MU15 high quality products GB11945-1999 . According to the cost-benefit analysis, the cost of the brick can be controlled under 0. 11 block, in the curing process at ambient conditions; and the cost of the brick can be controlled under 0. 14 block, in the high pressure water vapor curing process. The results show that the no -fired bricks from red mud have good economic benefits. Keywords redmud, non-fired bricks and new building materials QUICK DETERMINATION OF ANIONIC SURFACTANT IN SURFACE WATER Feng Jinmei Zhang Hairong 56 Abstract It was explored the feasibility of using malachite green reagent to determine anionic surfactant in surface water, through the contrast experiments. Experiment s result indicated that the accuracy and precision of this were suitable for present inspection criterion. As compared withthe methylene blue spectrophotometry, this had the advantages of easy operation, non-extraction and less analysis time. It was suitable for the monitoring of surface water. Keywords anionic surfactant, malachite green reagent and initial exploration 4 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Vol. 24,No. 4, Aug . , 2006