人工制冰矿井降温系统的优化研究.pdf
全日制硕士学位论文 人工制冰矿井降温系统的优化研究人工制冰矿井降温系统的优化研究 申请人姓名 周山山 指 导 教 师 刘靖 学 位 类 别 工学硕士 专 业 名 称 土木工程 研 究 方 向 通风及空调工程 河南理工大学土木工程学院 二〇一六年六月 河南理工大学土木工程学院 二〇一六年六月 万方数据 中图分类号中图分类号TD727密级公开密级公开 UDC 622单位代码单位代码 10460 人工制冰矿井降温系统的优化研究 Optimization study of artificial ice mine cooling system 申请人姓名周山山申请学位工学硕士 学科专业土木工程研究方向通风及空调工程 导师刘 靖职称副教授 提交日期 申请人姓名周山山申请学位工学硕士 学科专业土木工程研究方向通风及空调工程 导师刘 靖职称副教授 提交日期2016 年年 5 月月 20 日答辩日期日答辩日期2016 年年 6 月月 4 日日 河南理工大学 万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 致谢致谢 时间如白驹过隙,转眼即逝三年的研究生生活即将结束了,回味读研的三 年春秋,往事依旧历历在目,此刻心情五味陈杂。三年学习生活中,有老师的尊 尊教诲,有同学的无私帮助,有家人的默默支持。在毕业来临之际,内心充满感 激之情,在此我身边的老师、同学和家人表示自己的感激之情。 首当感谢我的导师刘靖副教授。刘靖学识渊博,高瞻远瞩,其严谨的治学态 度,宽于待人的高尚品,实事求是、以身作则的工作态度深深影响了我。从他身 上不仅学习到了专业知识和思考问题的方法,更主要是认识到了生活的态度,人 生道路的选择以及做人成事的道理。在老师的帮助下,毕业论文才可以顺利完成。 再次,由衷的祝福刘靖以及他的家人身体健康、阖家幸福。 感谢徐文忠教授、岳高伟教授、刘建飞老师、张永胜老师在开题之日即提出 的建议和指导,给予了我莫大的帮助和启迪。感谢土木学院的领导们为我们提供 一个舒适、安静的研究生自习室。感谢辅导员范利丹老师在生活上对我们的悉心 关照。 感谢我的室友张庆兵和张军,他们总是在我遇到困难的时候伸出援助之手, 与我一起并肩作战,与他们相处,我度过了温馨、快乐的研究生生活。感谢徐梦 飞和李珍珍同学在模拟分析和打印排版上给予我的帮助。 最后,感谢我的父母及家人,他们在我人生的道路上给予我前进的动力,让 我有了奋斗的目标。再次感谢我身边给予我帮助的老师、朋友和家人们,祝你们 身体健康,阖家幸福 万方数据 万方数据 I 摘要摘要 随着我国浅层煤炭资源逐渐开采殆尽,矿井开采的深度已逐渐加大,高温热害矿井 的数量逐年递增。矿井热害严重影响着矿井的安全生产,必须予以治理。 我国矿井热害治理起步于 20 世纪 60 年代,至今已有五十多年的发展历程,矿井热 害防治理论及技术应用已取得一定成就。其中,人工制冰矿井降温技术在我国发展起步 却相对较晚,目前该项技术理论体系不完善、系统设计方法不成熟,导致我国已建人工 制冰矿井降温系统均存在能耗高、冷量损失大及运行费用高等问题,实际的井下降温效 果难以得到预期的目标。 本文在全面分析了深部矿井热环境现状、热害成因以及人工制冰降温技术特点、 工 作原理及现有系统组成等基础之上, 对该系统进行了优化研究。 具体研究内容及成果为 分析了引起矿井热害的主要热源及其计算方法, 给出了井下矿井风流热计算及工作面需 冷量计算公式;提出了人工制冰矿井降温系统的结构模型,对系统的各个环节进行了详 细的研究;通过能分析和㶲分析的对比,论证了制冰机进行㶲分析的必要性,并建立了 制冰机㶲分析模型;运用㶲分析模型对制冰机进行㶲分析,揭示了制冰机中各部件㶲损 失的大小分布和成因,为制冰机的节能运行指明了方向;分析了回采工作面两种风流冷 却方式及其适用范围,通过 FLUENT 数值模拟和理论计算的方法对某一具体的回采工 作面的风流冷却方式进行分析,在保证回采工作面降温效果的基础上,确定了该工作面 应采用分段冷却方式,并给出了具体的空冷器布置方式。 本文的研究将为人工制冰矿井降温技术的合理应用提供参考。 关键词关键词矿井热害;风温预测;制冰降温系统;㶲分析;风流冷却 万方数据 II 万方数据 III Abstract As the shallow layer of coal resources are exhausting gradually in our country, the depth of the mine exploitation has been increased gradually and the number of high temperature hot against mine is increasing year by year. Mine thermal pollution influence the mine production safety seriously, must be governance. Mine thermal pollution governance in China started in the 1960 s, has been more than 50 years of development, the mine thermal pollution prevention and control theory and technology have made some achievements. Among them, the artificial ice mine cooling technology development in our country started relatively late, at present the technology theory system is imperfect, the system design is not mature, causes our country has built artificial ice mine cooling system has high energy consumption and loss of large amount of cold and the high operation cost, the actual underground cooling effect is difficult to get the expected goal. In this paper, Based on a comprehensive analysis of the deep mine present situation heat environment and the causes of thermal pollution and thermal environment of artificial ice cooling technical characteristics, working principle and the existing system composition such as basis, the research on the system is optimized. The specific research contents and results as follows The main heat source and its calculation are analyzed, and the calculation ula of the wind temperature and the cooling capacity of the working face is given; Puts forward the structure model of artificial ice mine cooling system, the system of the research of each link in detail; Through the analysis of energy consumption and analysis of energy comparison, demonstrates the necessity of analyzing rgy ice making machine, and the ice making machine rgy analysis model is established; Using energy analysis model energy analysis was carried out on the ice making machine, reveals the parts of the ice machine to size distribution and the cause of the loss energy, pointed out the direction of energy saving operation of the ice making machine; Analysis of the mining work face two kinds of airflow cooling s and its scope of application, by FLUENT numerical simulation and theoretical calculation used to analyze a specific mining working face of airflow cooling s, in order to ensure the air cooling effect of coal mining face based on to determine the the work surface should be the step cooling mode, and 万方数据 IV gives the specific air cooler arrangement. In this paper, the research will provide the reasonable application for artificial ice cooling technology in coal mine. KeywordsMine thermal pollution,Air temperature prediction,The ice cooling system,rgy analysis,Wind cooling 万方数据 V 目 录目 录 摘要摘要....................................................................................................................................I 目录目录.................................................................................................................................ⅤⅤ 1 绪论绪论...............................................................................................................................1 1.1 本课题研究的目的和意义........................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状........................................................................................................2 1.2.1 国内发展现状...............................................................................................................................2 1.2.2 国外发展现状...............................................................................................................................2 1.3 研究内容及方法........................................................................................................3 1.3.1 研究内容.......................................................................................................................................3 1.3.2 研究技术路线...............................................................................................................................4 1.4 本章小结....................................................................................................................4 2 矿井降温需冷量的计算方法矿井降温需冷量的计算方法.......................................................................................5 2.1 矿井主要热源散热量计算方法................................................................................5 2.1.1 地表大气状态...............................................................................................................................5 2.1.2 空气自压缩放热...........................................................................................................................5 2.1.3 围岩散热.......................................................................................................................................6 2.1.4 机电设备散热...............................................................................................................................8 2.1.5 运输中煤炭及矸石放热...............................................................................................................9 2.1.6 矿井水放热...................................................................................................................................9 2.1.7 其他热源.....................................................................................................................................10 2.2 井下风流热计算......................................................................................................10 2.2.1 井筒热计算.................................................................................................................................10 2.2.2 水平和倾斜巷道热计算.............................................................................................................12 2.2.3 回采工作面热计算.....................................................................................................................15 2.3 回采工作面冷负荷计算方法..................................................................................16 2.3.1 回采工作面进风口风流温度计算............................................................................................ 16 2.3.2 回采工作面冷负荷计算.............................................................................................................17 万方数据 VI 2.3.3 回采工作面需冷量的构成.........................................................................................................18 2.4 1000 m 深缓倾斜煤层不同地点风温计算实例......................................................19 2.4.1 进风井(1 至 2)热计算...........................................................................................................19 2.4.2 石门(2 至 3)热计算...............................................................................................................20 2.4.3 辅助下山(3 至 4)热计算...................................................................................................... 21 2.4.4 大巷(4 至 5)热计算...............................................................................................................23 2.4.5 盘区下山(5 至 6)热计算...................................................................................................... 24 2.4.6 进风平巷(6 至 7)热计算...................................................................................................... 25 2.4.7 回采工作面(7 至 8)热计算.................................................................................................. 25 2.5 集中冷却时采面需冷量计算方法..........................................................................26 2.5.1 采面进口风流温度计算.............................................................................................................26 2.5.2 采面冷负荷计算..........................................................................................................................27 2.6 本章小结..................................................................................................................28 3 人工制冰矿井降温系统的原理及设计研究人工制冰矿井降温系统的原理及设计研究.............................................................29 3.1 人工制冰矿井降温系统的工作原理......................................................................29 3.1.1 冰输冷能力分析.........................................................................................................................29 3.1.2 人工制冰矿井降温系统工作原理............................................................................................ 29 3.2 人工制冰制备的研究..............................................................................................30 3.2.1 常用的制冰方法.........................................................................................................................30 3.2.2 常用的制冰设备.........................................................................................................................32 3.2.3 矿井降温系统中冰的制备.........................................................................................................34 3.3 冰的输送..................................................................................................................36 3.3.1 地面螺旋输送.............................................................................................................................36 3.3.2 竖井管重力输送.........................................................................................................................37 3.3.3 井下管道水平输送.....................................................................................................................38 3.4 冰的融化及释冷......................................................................................................38 3.4.1 冰融化固液相变现象的特点及其数学模型............................................................................39 3.4.2 冰颗粒的融化效率的分析.........................................................................................................39 3.4.3 连续输冰条件下冰在融冰池的融解过程的研究....................................................................41 3.5 本章小结..................................................................................................................43 万方数据 VII 4 人工制冰矿井降温系统的㶲分析人工制冰矿井降温系统的㶲分析.............................................................................45 4.1 㶲分析方法..............................................................................................................45 4.1.1 㶲的基本概念.............................................................................................................................45 4.1.2 能分析与㶲分析的比较.............................................................................................................45 4.1.3 对人工制冰矿井降温系统进行㶲分析的必要性....................................................................47 4.1.4 人工制冰矿井降温系统㶲分析中涉及到的㶲........................................................................48 4.2 人工制冰降温系统的㶲分析模型..........................................................................49 4.2.1 制冰机的㶲平衡方程.................................................................................................................49 4.2.2 制冰机的㶲效率.........................................................................................................................50 4.2.3 制冰机的㶲损失.........................................................................................................................50 4.3 制冰机㶲分析实例..................................................................................................53 4.3.1 计算工况.....................................................................................................................................53 4.3.2 计算结果与分析.........................................................................................................................53 4.4 本章小结..................................................................................................................56 5 回采工作面风流冷却方式的优化研究回采工作面风流冷却方式的优化研究.....................................................................59 5.1 回采工作面热平衡微分方程..................................................................................59 5.2 回采工作面供风量的确定......................................................................................60 5.3 回采工作面风流冷却方式的选择..........................................................................61 5.4 某煤矿回采工作面风流冷却方式的确定..............................................................64 5.4.1 某煤矿回采工作面概况.............................................................................................................64 5.4.2 回采工作面集中冷却风流方式分析........................................................................................ 64 5.4.3 回采工作面分段冷却风流方式分析......................................................................................... 66 5.5 本章小结..................................................................................................................69 6 结论结论.............................................................................................................................71 6.1 结论..........................................................................................................................71 6.2 展望..........................................................................................................................71 参考文献参考文献.........................................................................................................................73 作者简历作者简历...